Structure and spectroscopic studies of cis-bis(bipyridine) ruthenium(II) complexes of phenylcyanamide ligands

New ruthenium(II) complexes with cyanamide ligands, cis-[Ru(bpy)₂(Ipcyd)₂] (1) and [Ru(bpy)₂(OHpcyd)₂] (2) (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, Ipcyd = 4-iodophenylcyanamide anion, OHpcyd = 4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-ynil)phenylcyanamide), have been prepared and characterized by UV-Vis, IR and ¹H NMR spectroscopies as well as electrochemical technique (CV). The complex cis-[Ru(bpy)₂(Ipcyd)₂] (1) crystallized with empirical formula of C₃₄H₂₄I₂N₈Ru in a monoclinic crystal system and space group of P2₁/c with a = 11.769(7) Å, b = 24.188(12) Å, c = 11.623(2) Å, β = 91.63(3)°, V = 3308(3) ų and Z = 4.     

Hexa-coordinated aluminum and gallium cations derived from indazole

trans-Dichloro-tetrakis-(indazole)aluminum(III) tetrachloroaluminate(III) 1 and trans-dichloro-tetrakis-(indazole)gallium(III) tetrachlorogallate(III) 3 were obtained by the asymmetric cleavage of the chloride-bridged dimers [AlCl₃]₂ and [GaCl₃]₂ with two moles of indazole and characterized by NMR, X-ray diffraction, EA and IR. The synthesis of 3[1] was improved (yield 86%) using methylene chloride at room temperature. The addition of THF to a solution of 1/CH₂Cl₂ afforded in good yield complex 2 {[AlCl₂(IndH)₄]⁺[AlCl₄]⁻·4THF}. The crystal structures of these complexes are monoclinic in the space groups P2(1)/n (1), C2/c (2) and P2(1)/n (3). The unit cells of 1-3 contain ion pairs [ECl₂(IndH)₄]⁺ [ECl₄]⁻ (E = Al and Ga) with multiple hydrogen interactions (Cl?H 2.434-2.925 Å, O?H 1.984-2.665 Å, C?H 2.769-2.888 Å). The [ECl₂(IndH)₄]⁺ cations show hexa-coordinated octahedral aluminum and gallium atoms with two chlorine atoms in anti positions and four coplanar nitrogen atoms from the indazole ligands. The [ECl₄]⁻ anions have a tetrahedral coordination geometry around the central atom. In the lattice, the presence of THF molecules simplifies the weak interactions network in 2, so one anion interacts with two [MCl₂(Ind-H)₄]⁺ cations and two THF molecules through Cl?H intermolecular interactions (2.855-2.922 Å) and one [MCl₂(Ind-H)₄]⁺ cation interacts with two cations through ClL₄MCl?H interactions (2.922 Å). Whereas in 1 and 3, six anions interact through Cl?H intermolecular interactions (2.795-2.925 Å) with one [MCl₂(Ind-H)₄]⁺ cation and this latter interacts with other three [MCl₂(Ind-H)₄]⁺ cations through C?H interactions (2.769-2.888 Å). Additionally, every chlorine atom in the [MCl₂(Ind-H)₄]⁺ cationic moieties is bounded by NCH?ClM or NH?ClM intramolecular-tetrafurcated hydrogen bonds (2.434-2.907 Å).     

β-Diiminatolanthanoid(III) halides revisited

The crystalline compounds [LnCl₂(L)(thf)₂] [Ln = Ce (1), Tb (2), Yb (3)], [NdI₂(L)(thf)₂] (4), [LnCl(L′)₂] [Ln = Tb (5), Yb (6) (a known compound)] and [YbCl(L′′)(μ-Cl)₂Li(OEt₂)₂] (7) have been prepared [L = {N(C₆H₃Prⁱ₂-2,6)C(H)}₂CPh, L′ = {N(SiMe₃)C(Ph)}₂CH, L′′ = {N(SiMe₃)C(C₆H₄Ph-4)}₂CH]. The X-ray molecular structures of 2-7 have been established; in each, the monoanionic ligand L, L′ or L′′ is N,N′-chelating and essentially π-delocalised. Each of 1-7 was prepared from the appropriate LnCl₃, or for 4 [NdI₃(thf)₂], and an equivalent portion of the appropriate alkali metal [Li for 7, Na for 2, 3 and 5, or K for 1, 4 and 6] β-diiminate in thf; the isolation of exclusively 5 and 6 (rather than the L′ analogues of 2 or 3) is noteworthy, as is the structure of 7 which has no precedent in Group 3 or 4f metal β-diiminato chemistry.     

Synthesis, characterization, and aqueous chemistry of cytotoxic Au(III) polypyridyl complexes

This work reports the synthesis, characterization, and aqueous chemistry of a series of cytotoxic [Au(polypyridyl)Cl₂]PF₆ complexes {(where polypyridyl = dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h] quinoxaline (DPQ), dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c] phenazine (DPPZ) and dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c](6,7,8,9-tetrahydro) phenazine (DPQC))}. The crystal structure of [Au(DPQ)Cl₂]PF₆ was determined as example of the series and exhibits the anticipated square planar geometry common for d⁸ coordination complexes. The crystals of the complex belong to the space group P2₁/n with a = 7.624(2) Å, b = 18.274(5) Å, c = 14.411(14) Å, β = 98.03(3)°, and Z = 4. In ¹H NMR studies of these compounds in the presence of aqueous buffer, all four complexes rapidly converted to the dihydroxy species [Au(polypyridyl)(OH)₂] in a stepwise fashion. However, the [Au(polypyridyl)]³⁺ fragment believed to impart cytotoxicity in human ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780) remained intact and appeared stable for days. It was also noted that these Au(III) complexes were readily reduced in the presence of the common biological reducing agents, reduced glutathione and sodium ascorbate. How solution and redox stability may affect the biological activity of these novel Au(III) complexes is discussed.     

Organolanthanide constrained geometry complexes modified for catalysis: synthesis, structure, and aminoalkene hydroamination properties of a pyrrolidine-substituted constrained geometry organolutetium complex

The reaction of the organolutetium complex (CGC′)LuCl₃Li₂(THF), (1; CGC′ = [Me₂Si(3-pyrrolidinyl-1-η⁵-indenyl)(^tBuN)]²⁻) with NaN(TMS)₂ provides a straightforward route to the halide-free organolutetium amido complex, (CGC′)LuN(TMS)₂(THF) (2). These new complexes were characterized by standard analytical methodology. The monomeric complex 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with four molecules in a cell of dimensions a = 11.1566(6) Å, b = 14.9805(8) Å, c = 22.18007(12) Å, and β = 90.0620(10)°. Complex 2 is an active precatalyst for the intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization of representative aminoalkenes with turnover frequencies as high as 205 h⁻¹ at room temperature.     

Substitution reactions of tetrahydrofuran in [Cr(thf)3Cl3] with mono and bidentate N-donor ligands: X-ray crystal structures of [Cr(bipy)(OH2)Cl3] and [HpyNH2][Cr(bipy)Cl4]

Substitution of thf ligands in [Cr(thf)₃Cl₃] and [Cr(thf)₂(OH₂)Cl₃] was investigated. 2,2′-Bipyridine (bipy) was reacted with [Cr(thf)₃Cl₃] to form [Cr(bipy)(thf)Cl₃] (1), which was subsequently reacted with water to give [Cr(bipy)(OH₂)Cl₃] (2). Reaction of 1 with acetonitrile (CH₃CN), pyridine (py) and pyridine derivatives to form [Cr(bipy)(L)Cl₃] (L = CH₃CN 3, py 4 and 4-pyR with R = NH₂5, Bu^t6 and Ph 7). In addition, the substitution of bipy in [Cr(thf)₃Cl₃] was followed by ¹H NMR spectroscopy at room temperature, which showed completion of the reaction in ca. 100 min. Complex 2 was characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The theoretical powder diffraction pattern of 2 was compared to the experimentally obtained powder X-ray diffraction pattern, and shows excellent agreement. The dimer [Cr₂(bipy)₂Cl₄(μ-Cl)₂] was cleaved asymmetrically to give the anionic complex [Cr(bipy)Cl₄]⁻ (8) and [Cr(bipy)₂Cl₂]⁺ (9). Complexes 8 and 9 were characterised by single crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Two cadmium-thiocyanate coordination polymers with organic cations: Synthesis, crystal structures and luminescent properties

Two new inorganic-organic hybrid polymers [ClBzQl]₂[Cd(SCN)_3.5Br_0.5]·0.25H₂O (1) and [ClBzMePy][Cd(SCN)₃] (2) (ClBzQl = 1-(4′-Cl-benzyl)quinolinium cation and ClBzMePy = 1-(4′-Cl-benzyl)-2-methylpyridinium cation) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, UV, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. Crystal structure analyses show that two polymers belong to the monoclinic space group P2/n (1) and P2₁/c (2) with a = 18.548(2) Å, b = 9.526(1) Å, c = 20.689(2) Å, β = 94.008(1)°, V = 3646.6(5) Å³ for 1, and a = 11.195(2) Å, b = 16.415(3) Å, c = 10.751(2) Å, β = 102.930(3)°, V = 1925.7(7) Å³ for 2. The Cd atom exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination geometry for 1 and 2. For 1, a pair of 1,1-μ-SCN⁻ anions and a pair of 1,3-μ-SCN⁻ anions are alternately bridge adjacent Cd centers to form infinite polymeric chains. For 2, adjacent Cd atoms are linked by three 1,3-μ-SCN⁻ anions to form infinite [Cd(SCN)₃⁻]_∞ polymeric chains. The luminescent properties of the two polymers in the solid state at room temperature were investigated.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and structure characterization of the first organically templated metal iodates

The first organically templated molybdenum iodates (C₅H₆N)₂Mo₂O₅(IO₃)₄(H₂O)₂ (1), (C₁₀H₈N₂)[MoO₂(IO₃)₃] · H₃O (2), and uranium iodate (C₅H₅N)₂[(UO₂)(IO₃)₃](IO₃) (3), have been successfully synthesized under mild hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 is simple zero-dimensional units consisting of [(Mo₂O₅(IO₃)₄)]²⁻ anions, which can be described as a tetranuclear unit hanged on either side by two [IO₃] groups. The [Mo₂O₅(IO₃)₄]²⁻ anions are in a close connection through the water molecules and protonated pyridine cations, via hydrogen bonds and intermolecular actions. Compound 2 is built up from [MoO₆] octahedra and [IO₃] pyramids to two-dimensional layers, in which 4,4′-bipy molecules and water cations are located, forming strong hydrogen bonds with the inorganic framework, leading to pseudo three-dimensional structure. Compound 3 is one-dimensional ribbons containing {[(UO₂)(IO₃)₃](IO₃)}²⁻ anions and charge neutrality is achieved by the protonated 4,4′-bipy cations, which reside between two ribbons, forming hydrogen bonds with the inorganic framework and resulting in pseudo two-dimensional structure. Crystal data are as follows: (C₅H₆N)₂Mo₂O₅(IO₃)₄(H₂O)₂ (1), orthorhombic, Pnma, a = 24.097(5) Å, b = 13.532(3) Å, c = 7.836(16) Å, Z = 4, V = 2555.2(9) Å³; (C₁₀H₈N₂)[MoO₂(IO₃)₃] · H₃O (2), monoclinic, C2/c, a = 24.176(5) Å, b = 10.751(2) Å, c = 7.5074(15) Å, β = 107.44(3)°, Z = 8, V = 1861.6(6) Å³; (C₅H₅N)₂[(UO₂)(IO₃)₃](IO₃) (3), monoclinic, P2₁/n, a = 14.430(3) Å, b = 7.3459(15) Å, c = 19.811(4) Å, β = 106.70(3)°, Z = 4, V = 2011.3(7) Å³.     

Synthesis and characterization of Os(II)(dpop′) (dpop′ = dipyrido(2,3-a;3′,2′-j)phenazine) complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine(bpy); 2,2′-bipyrimidine(bpm) and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine(dpp)

New Os(II) complexes including [Os(dpop′)₂](PF₆)₂ (dpop′= dipyrido(2,3-a;3′,2′-j)phenazine) and a series of mixed ligand [Os(dpop′)(N-N)Cl]PF₆ (N-N = 2,2′-bipyridine(bpy); 2,2′-bipyrimidine(bpm) and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine(dpp)) were synthesized. The Os dπ → dpop′ π^∗ MLCT transitions for [Os(dpop′)₂]²⁺ are observed at lower energy than for Os dπ → tpy π^∗ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) and Os dπ → tppz π^∗ (tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) (The ligand abbreviations tpd, tpp and tpypz have also appeared in the literature for 2,3,5,6- tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine in addition to tppz.) MLCT transitions in the comparative [Os(tpy)₂]²⁺ and [Os(tppz)₂]²⁺ complexes. The Os dπ → dpop′ π^∗ MLCT transitions are observed at lower energy in mixed bidentate ligand N-N systems compared with [Os(dpop′)₂]²⁺. Cyclic voltammetry shows more positive osmium oxidation, and less negative ligand reduction potentials for [Os(dpop′)₂]²⁺ as compared to [Os(tpy)₂]²⁺ and [Os(tppz)₂]²⁺ complexes. The osmium oxidation potentials in mixed ligand [Os(dpop′)(N-N)Cl]⁺ complexes are at less positive potential than for the [Os(dpop′)₂]²⁺ ion. NMR results show different chemical shifts for ring protons either trans or cis to dpop′ in mixed ligand systems, and also show two geometrical isomers for the [Os(dpop′)(dpp)Cl]⁺ complex. The [Os(dpop′)(dpp)Cl]⁺ geometric isomer with the pyrazine ring of dpp trans to dpop′ is found more predominate by 1.0/0.7 over the isomer with the pyrazine ring of dpp cis to dpop′ and that inter-conversion of geometric isomers does not occur in room temperature solution on the NMR timescale.     

A high-spin Fe(II)/low-spin Fe(III) redox couple featuring the hydro[tris(4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazolyl)]borate ligand: Synthesis, spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic characterization

The white homoleptic high-spin iron(II) complexes Fe[Tp^Me2,4Cl]₂ (1) was isolated in quantitative yield from reaction mixtures containing 1 equiv of FeCl₂(THF)_1.5 and 2 equiv of K[Tp^Me2,4Cl] (Tp^Me2,4Cl = hydrotris[(4-chloro-3,5-dimethyl-pyrazolyl)]borate). Its purple low-spin iron(III) counterparts 1[O₃SCF₃] and 1[PF₆] were synthesized and isolated in 85% yields upon treatment of 1 with 1 equiv of silver triflate and silver hexafluorophosphate, respectively. The three paramagnetic compounds are air and thermally stable as solids and in solution; they were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, ¹H NMR, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. In addition, 1[PF₆] was authenticated by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The two scorpionate ligands are κ³-N,N′,N′′ ligated to the central Fe^III ion, forming an almost perfect FeN₆ octahedron with an average Fe-N bond distance of 1.9551(18) Å. In addition, complex 1 which oxidizes reversibly at E_1/2 = 0.483 V/SCE (ΔE_p = 94 mV), remains high-spin (S = 2) when the temperature is lowered to 2 K.     

Synthesis and characterization of Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with triazolopyrimidine derivatives: The crystal structure of [Pd2L2Cl4] where L = 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine

The Pd(II) and Pt(II) complexes with triazolopyrimidine C-nucleosides L¹ (5,7-dimethyl-3-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-benzoyl-β-d-ribofuranosyl-s-triazolo)[4,3-a]pyrimidine), L² (5,7-dimethyl-3-β-d-ribofuranosyl-s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine) and L³ (5,7-dimethyl[1,5-a]-s-triazolopyrimidine), [Pd(en)(L¹)](NO₃)₂, [Pd(bpy)(L¹)](NO₃)₂, cis-Pd(L³)₂Cl₂, [Pd₂(L³)₂Cl₄] · H₂O, cis-Pd(L²)₂Cl₂ and [Pt₃(L¹)₂Cl₆] were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the [Pd₂(L³)₂Cl₄] · H₂O complex was established by X-ray crystallography. The two L³ ligands are found in a head to tail orientation, with a Pd?Pd distance of 3.1254(17) Å. L¹ coordinates to Pd(II) through N8 and N1 forming polymeric structures. L² coordinates to Pd(II) through N8 in acidic solutions (0.1 M HCl) forming complexes of cis-geometry. The Pd(II) coordination to L² does not affect the sugar conformation probably due to the high stability of the C-C glycoside bond.     

Octahedral cyanohydroxo cluster complex trans-[Re6Se8(CN)4(OH)2]: Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties

A hexarhenium cyanohydroxo anionic cluster complex [Re₆Se₈(CN)₄(OH)₂]⁴⁻ was synthesized for the first time starting from [Re₆Se₈(OH)₆]⁴⁻, which was crystallized as a salt of the composition Cs_2.75K_1.25[Re₆Se₈(CN)₄(OH)₂]·H₂O (1). The reaction of the complex with Cu²⁺ in an aqueous ammonia or methylamine solutions afforded [Cu(NH₃)₅]₂[Re₆Se₈(CN)₄(OH)₂]·8H₂O (2) or [{Cu(CH₃NH₂)₄}₂Re₆Se₈(CN)₄(OH)₂] (3), respectively. All of these three compounds were characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Compound 1 is crystallized in the tetragonal space group I4/m with eight formula units per cell (a = b = 17.4823(14) Å, c = 19.430(2) Å, V = 5938.3(10) Å³); compound 2 is crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2₁/n with two formula units per cell (a = 12.1845(13) Å, b = 8.6554(9) Å, c = 19.2568(19) Å, β = 91.081(2)°, V = 2030.5(4) Å³); compound 3 is crystallized in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with four formula units per cell (a = 19.816(4) Å, b = 14.611(3) Å, c = 13.751(3) Å, V = 3981.2(13) Å³). The luminescence properties of 1 were studied in both aqueous solution and solid state. In addition, the electronic structure of [Re₆Se₈(CN)₄(OH)₂]⁴⁻ was elucidated by DFT calculations.     

Synthesis, crystal structure and magnetic characterization of two new ion-pair complexes containing bis(maleonitriledithiolate)nickelate anion and substituted benzylpyridinium cation

Two new ion-pair complexes, [FBrBzPyN(CH₃)₂]₂[Ni(mnt)₂] (1) and [FBrBzPyN(CH₃)₂][Ni(mnt)₂] (2) (mnt²⁻ = maleonitriledithiolate, [FBrBzPyN(CH₃)₂]⁺ = [1-(4′-fluoro-2′-bromobenzyl)-4-dimethylaminopyridinium]) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, UV, IR, single crystal X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility. The cations (D) and the anions (A) in 1 stack into a 1D alternating column (i.e., of type ?DDADDADD?) via short S?Br, N?F, C?N interactions, and C-H?Br hydrogen bonds. The cation-cation π?π stacking interactions within the columns give further rise to a 2D network structure. Compound 2 forms a 3D structure in which the Ni(III) ions stack into a uniform 1D zigzag magnetic chain through Ni?S, Ni?Ni, or π?π interactions with a Ni?Ni distance of 4.024 Å. Magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperature range 2-300 K show that 1 is expected to be diamagnetic, and 2 exhibits an interesting spin-gap transition (Δ/k_b = 460.6 K) around 155 K.     

Unsupported intermolecular argentophilic interaction in the dimer of trinuclear silver(I) 3,5-diphenylpyrazolates

The reaction of a solution of sodium 3,5-diphenylpyrazolate, Na[Ph₂pz], with Ag(tht)NO₃ in dichloromethane affords thin needles of unsolvated and light-stable dimer of trimers [Ag₃(μ-3,5-Ph₂pz)₃]₂. The complex is characterized by X-ray crystallography and elemental analysis. The two trimers are rotated anti to each other. Three silver atoms bridged through exobidentate pyrazolate groups form a slightly puckered nine-membered ring with the shortest Ag?Ag intramolecular interaction in the metallocycle of 3.3571(8) Å. The other two silver centers are weakly interacting, Ag(3)?Ag(1) = 3.49 Å and Ag(3)?Ag(2) = 3.52 Å. The intermolecular interaction between the two trimers is Ag?Ag = 2.9712(14) Å. Packing diagram shows the dimer of trimer units are independent. Density Functional Theory calculations show that the M?M interaction is due to dispersion forces. [Ag₃(μ-3,5-Ph₂pz)₃]₂ crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c with a = 22.169(4), b = 15.269(3), c = 22.482(5) Å, β = 103.69(3)° and V = 7394(3) ų.     

Double complex salts of Pt and Pd ammines with Zn and Ni oxalates - promising precursors of nanosized alloys

Double complex salts [M(NH₃)₄][M′(Ox)₂(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O (M = Pd, Pt, M′ = Ni, Zn) were synthesized by combination of solutions containing corresponding cations [M(NH₃)₄]²⁺ and anions [M′(Ox)₂(H₂O)₂]²⁻. The salts obtained were characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis, powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The prepared compounds are isostructural and crystallize in the orthorhombic crystal system (space group I222, Z = 2). Thermal decomposition of the salts in helium or hydrogen atmosphere at 200-400 °C results in formation of nano-sized bimetallic powders. Depending on the phase diagram of the respective bimetallic system and temperature conditions, they can be single phase or multiphase products. In particular, thermal decomposition of double complex salts [M(NH₃)₄][Zn(Ox)₂(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O (M = Pd, Pt) results in formation of PdZn and PtZn intermetallic compounds, correspondingly. Decomposition of [Pd(NH₃)₄][Ni(Ox)₂(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O affords a disordered solid solution Pd_0.5Ni_0.5. Disordered Pt_0.5Ni_0.5 was obtained from [Pt(NH₃)₄][Ni(Ox)₂(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O in helium atmosphere, while in hydrogen atmosphere - a two-phase mixture of disordered Pt_0.5Ni_0.5 and ordered PtNi. In all cases crystallite sizes of bimetallic particles varied within 50-250 Å.     

Titanium and vanadium complexes with tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate

Treatment of [Ti(OPrⁱ)₂Cl₂] with K(tpip) (tpip⁻ = [N(PPh₂O)₂]⁻) followed by chlorination with HCl afforded cis-[Ti(tpip)₂Cl]₂ (1). Reduction of 1 with Na/Hg in THF gave [Ti(tpip)₃] (2), which could also be prepared from [TiCl₃(THF)₃] and K(tpip). Recrystallization of [V(O)(tpip)₂] (3) from CH₂Cl₂-Et₂O in air afforded trinuclear [{V(O)}₃(μ-tpip)₃(μ-O)₃] (4). Treatment of [Cr(NBu^t)₂Cl₂] and [Cr(NBu^t)Cl₃(dme)] (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) with [Ag(tpip)]₄ led to isolation of [Cr(tpip)₃] (6) and [Cr(NBu^t)(tpip)₂Cl] (7), respectively. The Ti- and V-tpip complexes are capable of catalyzing oxidation of sulfides with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and H₂O₂. The crystal structures of 1, 2, and 4 have been determined.     

Three new multidimensional organic-inorganic hybrids based on polyoxometalates and copper coordination polymers with 4,4′-bipyridine ligands

Three new organic-inorganic hybrid materials with 4,4′-bipy ligands and copper cations as linkers, [Cu^II(H₂O)(4,4′-bipy)₂][Cu^II(H₂O)(4,4′-bpy)₂]₂H[Cu^IIP₈Mo₁₂O₆₂H₁₂] · 5H₂O (1), [Cu^I(4,4′-bipy)][Cu^II(4,4′-bipy)]₂ (BW₁₂O₄₀) · (4,4′-bipy) · 2H₂O (2) and [Cu^I (4,4′-bipy)]₃ (PMo₁₂O₄₀) · (pip) · 2H₂O (3) (pip = piperazine; 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine), have been hydrothermally synthesized. The single X-ray structural analysis reveals that the structure of 1 is constructed from [Cu(H₂O)(4,4′-bipy)₂] complexes into a novel, three-dimensional supermolecular network with 1-D channels in which Cu[P₄Mo₆]₂ dimer clusters reside. To the best of our knowledge, compound 1 is the first complex in which the [P₄Mo₆] clusters have been used as a non-coordinating anionic template for the construction of a novel, three-dimensional supermolecular network. Compound 2 is constructed from the six-supported [BW₁₂O₄₀]⁵⁻ polyoxoanions and [Cu^I(4,4′-bipy)] and [Cu^II(4,4′-bipy)] groups into a novel, 3-D network. Compound 3 exhibits unusual 3-D supramolecular frameworks, which are constructed from tetrasupporting [PMo₁₂O₄₀]³⁻ clusters and [Cu^I (4,4′-bipy)_n] coordination polymer chains. The electrochemical properties of 2 and 3 have been investigated in detail.     

Synthesis and X-ray structural characterization of tris(l-glycinato)vanadium(III) and trans-tetraquadichlorovanadium(III) chloride

Despite the importance of V^III in biology, only three V^III complexes of naturally occurring amino acids have been structurally characterized. We report the structure of the first vanadium complex incorporating a glycine ligand, [V(Gly)₃] · 2DMSO, which crystallizes in a monoclinic system with space group Cc, a = 8.9186(5) Å, b = 21.5347(9) Å, c = 9.9064(5) Å and β = 110.536(3)°. The X-ray structural data show the central V^III metal octahedrally coordinated by three bidentate glycinato ligands arranged a mer configuration, with both Δ and Λ enantiomers present in the unit cell. The bulk sample was isolated as [V(Gly)₃] · DMSO · NaCl. Structural comparisons are made with the corresponding homoleptic glycinato complexes of Co^III, Cr^III and Ni^II. The structure of trans-[V(OH₂)₄Cl₂]Cl · 2H₂O has also been re-determined. This latter complex crystallizes in a monoclinic system in the P2(1)/c space group, a = 6.4381(9) Å, b = 6.3843(9) Å, c = 11.7980(17) Å and β = 98.057(2)°. The vanadium atom lies at a crystallographic inversion centre within the distorted octahedron formed by the four water and two chloride ligands.     

Magnesium (II) poly(pyrazolyl)borate derivatives - Synthesis, spectral and structural studies

A series of magnesium complexes of general formula [Mg(Tp^x)₂] (Tp^x = Tp, Tp^∗, Tp^∗Cl, pzTp) and [Mg(Tp^x)X] (X = Cl, Tp^x = Tp^tBu or pz⁰Tp^p-Tol; X = acetate, Tp^x = Tp^tBu) were synthesised from magnesium chloride or acetate and M(Tp^x) (M = K, Na or Tl) in dichloromethane or alcoholic solution. These compounds are air-stable solids, sparingly soluble in most organic solvents; they have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectra and, in selected cases, also by conductivity and molecular weight measurements. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies of [Mg(Tp)₂], [Mg(Tp*)₂] and [Mg(Tp*^Cl)₂] show unsolvated neutral bis(tripod ligand)magnesium(II) molecules with six-coordinate magnesium atoms (〈Mg-N〉 2.167(6), 2.19(2), 2.205(4) Å).