富营养化对小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构及多样性的影响

2017年3月到2018年2月研究了临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构的季节变化。临涣湖共记录浮游甲壳动物13种,其中枝角类8属8种,桡足类5属5种。短尾秀体溞(Diaphanosoma brachyurum)、广布中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops leuckarti)和象鼻溞(Bosmina sp.)等小型富营养种类是温暖季节的优势种,而近邻剑水蚤(Cyclops vicinus)是冬季的优势种。盔形溞(Daphnia galeata)等大型种类仅在少数月份中被观察到。临涣湖浮游甲壳动物的年平均密度和生物量分别为28.3个/L和0.33 mg/L。营养状态指数(TSI_M)的年平均值为62.6。浮游甲壳动物的Shannon指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数的年平均值分别为0.86、0.74和0.49,且3种多样性指数均具有显著的季节差异。营养盐水平、营养状态指数和物种多样性指数均表明,临涣湖水体处于富营养化状态。冗余分析结果表明,水温、总磷浓度和叶绿素a浓度是影响临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构变化的上行效应因子。鲢、鳙鱼的捕食压力是临涣湖浮游甲壳动物群落结构小型化的下...     

长江口邻近水域浮游动物群落特征及变动趋势

根据2000～2003年长江口邻近海域5月和8月8个航次的调查资料,对长江口浮游动物群落特征的变动趋势进行了研究。结果表明,桡足类、毛颚类和异足类在8月种数明显多于5月。8月暖流势力增强的同时淡水水团势力也增强,不同水团交汇处,浮游动物种类数和多样性指数等值线密集排列,外海暖水带来丰富的种类使该季节的种类数和多样性均明显高于5月。盐度是影响长江口浮游动物群落特征最主要的环境因子。     

长江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性

于1999年枯水期(2—3月份)、丰水期(8月份)、2000年枯水期(2—3月份)对长江河口浮游动物采样调查,研究了长江河口浮游动物的种类组成、群落结构及多样性并初步探讨了三峡工程对长江河口浮游动物的影响及长江河口水环境的生物监测。调查共发现浮游动物87种,甲壳动物占绝对优势,共59种。在所有浮游动物中挠足类31种。其次为水母类,有9种,此外,枝角类、毛颚类各8种。3次采样浮游动物的优势种主要有河口半咸水种和近岸低盐种类如华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)、火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)、虫肢歪水蚤(Tortanus vermiculus),真刺唇角水蚤(Labidocera euchaeta)等,还有长江径流带到河口的淡水种如近领剑水蚤（Cyclops vicinus vicinus)、英勇剑水蚤（Cyclops strenuus）、透明溞（Daphnia hyalina)等。一些浮游动物可作为水系指示种,其分布、数量反映了不同水系分布变化,长江河口浮游动物有;类水系指示种。通过对长江河口浮游动物群落聚类分析发现。1999、2000年枯水期浮游动物群落结构相似。可分为河口类群、近岸类群和近外海类群。1999年丰水期只形成近岸和近外海类群。浮游动物种类数由口门内向口门外方向有逐渐增加的趋势。浮游动物种类数由北向南变化趋势一致。大潮与小潮、涨憩与落强等潮汐作用对浮游动物影响往往因采样时间与区域等的不同而不同。对长江河口3次采样的物种多样性指数和均匀度指数进行了计算,结果表明：浮游动物多样性指数1999年枯水期最低,1999年丰水期最高。     

Response of plankton communities to whole-lake Ca(OH)2 and CaCO3 additions in eutrophic hardwater lakes

1. The impact of whole-lake lime (slaked lime, Ca(OH)₂, and/or calcite, CaCO₃) addition on plankton communities was evaluated in eutrophic hardwater lakes on the North American Boreal Plain.
2. Two lakes received a single treatment of lime (Ca(OH)₂ at 74 or 107 mg L^–1), two lakes received multiple treatments with Ca(OH)₂ and/or CaCO₃ (5–78 mg L^–1), and four lakes were untreated and served as reference systems.
3. Over the long-term (> 1 year), phytoplankton biomass was reduced in multiple-dose lakes, but not in single-dose lakes. Cyanobacteria typically dominated the algal community in the years before, during and after lime treatment in both single- and multiple-dose lakes.
4. In the single-dose lakes, randomized intervention analysis showed no significant change in the biomass of zooplankton after lime addition.     

三峡水库初次蓄水后干流库区枝角类的空间分布与季节变化

为了阐明三峡水库初次蓄水后干流库区枝角类的时空分布规律, 2004年4月至2005年1月, 在600余公里干流库区设置10个样点, 定性和定量采集枝角类标本。本次调查共采到9种枝角类, 其中春季8种, 夏季5种, 秋季2种, 冬季3种。枝角类种类组成的空间分布差异明显, 河流状态的江段有4种, 水库状态的江段有7种, 水库状态的江段距大坝越近, 枝角类种类越丰富。枝角类的密度和生物量的空间分布和季节变化规律一致, 季节间差异极显著(P<0.01), 春季最高, 夏季次之, 秋季和冬季较低; 空间分布上表现为在干流库区的纵向分布上差异极显著(P<0.01), 河流状态样点远低于水库状态的样点, 水库上游江段又低于下游坝前段。结果显示三峡水库的枝角类具有明显的纵向分布和季节变化特征。     

崇明东滩潮间带潮沟浮游动物的种类组成及多样性

为了揭示潮间带潮沟水域浮游动物的多样性, 作者于2008年4–12月在崇明东滩选取6条潮沟共18个站点进行4个季节的浮游动物采样调查。检获到浮游动物44种, 隶属于6个类群, 其中桡足类占绝对优势, 达总种类数的79.5%。分析了浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构及物种多样性等生态特征参数的季节变化。优势种有9种, 春季以细巧华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus tenellus)优势度最高, 夏季以火腿许水蚤(Schmackeria poplesia)优势度最高, 秋季以火腿许水蚤和中华华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus sinensis)优势度较高, 冬季则以四刺窄腹剑水蚤(Limnoithona etraspina)和中华华哲水蚤的优势度较高。多样性指数显示, Shannon-Wiener指数(H′)值以夏冬季较高, 物种丰富度指数(d)值以夏秋季较高, Pielou均匀度指数(J′)值以冬季最高。与崇明岛附近的长江口北港北支水域已有的研究结果相比, 种类组成差异较大, 仅有6个共有种。浮游动物的生态特征与潮汐关系密切, 涨潮时物种多样性略高于落潮时, 涨潮和落潮时优势种的种类及优势度也均呈现出一定差异。盐度、温度、径流及潮流等环境因素对潮沟浮游动物的时空分布产生了重要影响。     

渤海浮游动物群落生态特点Ⅰ.种类组成与群落结构

以１９５９年全国海洋普查浮游动物中网周年标本为材料,对渤海浮游动物的群落结构进行分析。渤海浮游动物群落以近岸广温种为主,主要优势种包括小拟哲水蚤（Ｐａｒａｃａｌａｎｕｓ ｐａｒｖｕｓ）、双毛纺锤水蚤（Ａｃａｒｔｉａ ｂｉｆｉｌｏｓａ）、强额拟哲水蚤（Ｐａｒａｃａｌａｎｕｓ ｃｒａｓｓｉｒｏｓｔｒｉｓ）、拟长腹剑水蚤（Ｏｉｔｈｏｎａ ｓｉｍｉｌｉｓ）、墨氏胸刺水蚤（Ｃｅｎｔｒｏｐａｇｅｓ ｍｃｍｕｒ     

长江下游近口段近岸鱼类群落多样性及潮汐强度的影响

为了解长江下游近口段近岸鱼类群落多样性及其潮汐的影响,于2016—2017年在靖江样点、2017—2018年在常熟样点分别进行连续4个季度的鱼类调查,同步收集潮汐强度数据。结果表明:靖江样点共监测到鱼类61种,隶属于9目18科47属,鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、贝氏?(Hemiculter bleekeri)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)为主要优势种;常熟样点共监测到鱼类41种,隶属于8目14科34属,鲢、中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)、鳙、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)和鲫(Carassius auratus)为主要优势种;靖江样点Margalef指数、Shannon指数和Simpson指数均大于常熟样点,Pielou指数则小于常熟样点; SIMPER分析表明,靖江和常熟样点周年群落组成平均相似度分别为64.5%和64.7%,样点间平均相异度为61.1%;不同季节各潮汐周期内鱼类群落多样性相关分析结果...     

长江口北支大型底栖动物群落周年变化特征

分析了长江口北支滩涂大型底栖动物的群落结构和多样性变化特征。共采集大型底栖动物78种,包括环节动物7种、软体动物23种、节肢动物28种、脊索动物18种、其它两种,全年优势种有8种。密度为0.08 ind/m^2（1月）-1.24 ind/m^2（7月）,生物量为0.006 g/m^2（2月）-0.58 g/m^2（5月）,Margalef丰富度指数（D）为0.82（1月）-3.88（7月）,Pielou均匀度指数（J）为0.60（9月）-0.86（1月）,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数（H＇）为1.59（2月）-2.76（10月）。底栖动物密度与环境因子进行相关性分析显示,北支潮间带的大型底栖动物群落按照盐度、沉积特征等不同可分为3组,盐度和温度是影响底栖动物群落分布的主导因子。     

南汇东滩湿地围垦水域内浮游动物群落结构的变化

2010年10月-2011年7月对南汇东滩围垦水域和坝外自然水域的浮游动物进行调查,研究了两水域内浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量、优势种和生物多样性等生态学特征参数的季节变化,并初步探讨了围垦内外水域浮游动物群落的结构差异,及其与盐度、水温和人类活动等环境因子的关系.结果表明:围垦水域和坝外自然水域共检获浮游动物30种,其中围垦水域浮游动物24种,以轮虫的种类数最多;坝外自然水域浮游动物14种,其中桡足类占绝对优势.围垦水域浮游动物的年平均丰度明显高于坝外自然水域,年平均生物量则相反.围垦水域以角突臂尾轮虫、萼花臂尾轮虫和广布中剑水蚤等淡水种为主要优势种,而坝外自然水域则以中华华哲水蚤、火腿许水蚤和虫肢歪水蚤等河口半咸水种为主要优势种,且两水域优势种均存在季节更替.坝外水域浮游动物Shannon多样性指数(H)值和Pielou均匀度指数(J)值均明显高于围垦水域,Margalef丰富度指数(d)值和单纯度指数(C)值低于围垦水域.群落聚类和MDS结果表明,围垦水域浮游动物的群落结构与坝外自然水域存在明显差异.围垦是引起被围水域浮游动物群落结构变化的主要原因,盐度、潮汐动力等是导致动物群落结构改变的主要环境因子.     

Community structure of rotifers in two environments of the upper River Paraná floodplain (MS) - Brazil

We evaluate the influence of abiotic and biotic factors on the community structure of rotifers across a regional hydrological cycle in lotic and lentic environments of the upper River Paraná. Depth, transparency, temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and densities of rotifers were measured at two stations in Lake Guaraná (littoral and open water regions) and at one station in the River Baía (open water region). Highest densities of rotifers were found at the lake littoral. Canonical correlation analysis related environmental variables with the densities of the most abundant rotifers. The strongest relationship was with chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, hydrological level and water temperature. Diversity of rotifers at each station was mainly explained by fluctuations in hydrological level. Results of grouping analysis suggested the formation of groups according to phases of the hydrological cycle.     

长江安庆新洲水域鱼类群落结构及多样性

沙洲水域环境良好,饵料资源丰富,栖息生境多样,为鱼类的生长繁殖提供了优良的生存环境。为了解长江安庆新洲水域鱼类群落结构特征,于2017年4月、7月、10月和12月对安庆江段新洲水域鱼类群落进行季节性调查。共采集鱼类64种,分属5目11科48属,其中62.5%为鲤科鱼类。以物种数和多样性指数分析群落多样性特征,结果表明新洲水域鱼类种类多样性水平较高。单因素方差分析表明,该群落多样性季节差异显著(P<0.05),空间差异不明显。新洲水域鱼类群落优势种为鳊(Parabramis pekinensis Basilewsky, 1855)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758)、贝氏■(Hemiculter bleekeri Warpachowsky, 1887)、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus Sauvage et Dabry, 1874)和似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni Bleeker, 1864)。4种摄食功能群中,杂食性(42.19%)和肉食性(35.94%)鱼类物种数比例较高;3种生态类群中,淡水定居性鱼类占绝对优势(84....     

Seasonal variation and longitudinal distribution of copepods in the main river area of the Three Gorges Reservoir

The ecosystem of the Three Gorges in the Yangtze River was changed into an artificial lake (reservoir) ecosystem after impoundment in June 2003. We surveyed the seasonal variation and spatial distribution of copepods from April 2004 to January 2005 in order to provide data for clarifying the successional pattern of the ecosystem. From Jiangjin to Maoping, eight copepod species were collected and classified into Calanoida (2), Harpacticoida (1), and Cyclopoida (5). Among them, Mesocyclops pehpeiensis, M. leuckarti and Sinocalanus dorrii had a relatively wide distribution. No distinct difference in species number was found among the sampling sites, but the species composition was different. Species composition, distribution and density of copepods showed significant seasonal variations. In addition, copepod density showed an obvious gradient with the distance from the reservoir dam: the nearer to the dam, the denser the copepods. __________ Translated from Biodiversity Science Sinica, 2007, 15(3): 300–305 [译自: 生物多样性]     

三疣梭子蟹两种养殖模式浮游动物调查

于2012年6-12月,在宁波市象山县东盛水产养殖有限公司对主养三疣梭子蟹池塘两种混养模式（模式Ⅰ：三疣梭子蟹与日本对虾、黑鲷、菲律宾蛤仔混养;模式Ⅱ：三疣梭子蟹与日本对虾、黑鲷混养）浮游动物进行了调查与比较。结果显示：共检出浮游动物13属19种,其中,原生动物3属3种;轮虫2属5种;枝角类2属3种;桡足类6属8种。浮游动物平均密度模式Ⅰ（370 ind./L）〉模式Ⅱ（209 ind./L）;平均生物量模式Ⅰ（17.974 mg/L）〈模式Ⅱ（18.102 mg/L）。Margalef指数为0.22~0.81;Shannon-Wiener指数为1.28~3.03;Pielou均匀度指数为0.54~0.96,均值都是模式Ⅰ〉模式Ⅱ。     

三峡水库初次蓄水后干流库区桡足类的纵向分布与季节变化

作为大型水利工程, 三峡水库于2003年6月开始蓄水, 蓄水后库区水环境发生了变化。为了了解三峡水库水生态系统的演替规律, 同时为环境保护、渔业资源开发利用以及水环境管理提供理论基础, 我们对三峡水库第一阶段蓄水后桡足类的季节变化和空间分布进行了周年季节性研究。在三峡库区江津至茅坪的10个断面共采集到8种桡足类, 其中哲水蚤目2种、猛水蚤目1种、剑水蚤目5种, 北碚中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops pehpeiensis)、广布中剑水蚤(M. leuckarti)和汤匙华哲水蚤(Sinocalanus dorrii)分布较广。各样点种类数差异不大, 但组成上却有不同。桡足类种类组成、空间分布和密度具有明显的季节变化特征, 此外密度在水库的纵轴上也表现出明显的梯度分布, 越近大坝密度越高。     

The Effects of Hydrology on Plankton Biomass in Shallow Lakes of the Pampa Plain

Climatic and hydrological variability is usually high in the Pampa Plain (Argentina). However it has not studied yet how this variability may affect the phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass and community structure in aquatic systems of this region. The main purpose of this study was to assess flushing effects on nutrient and plankton dynamics in two interconnected very shallow lakes of the Pampa Plain. In order to study the impact of hydrology on the plankton biomass and community structure, we compared the summer plankton community among three consecutive years with contrasting hydrological characteristics. Water residence time varied an order of magnitude among years and this variability was correlated to strong changes in physicochemical and biological lake characteristics. Depending on the water discharge level, the hydrological regime within the lakes ranged from lentic to more lotic conditions. Nutrient and phytoplankton biomass were positively related to water discharges. During high flushing periods, nutrients import from intensive agriculture lands leads to a dramatic increase in trophic conditions. On the other hand, macrozooplankton biomass was positively related to water residence time and showed a dramatic decrease during high flushing years. Rotifers biomass was not affected by interannual water discharge variability during the study period. Our results support that in case of lakes with high flushing rates, zooplankton development is dependent on water residence time and that hydrology may have stronger effects on macrozooplankton biomass than top-down control by planktivores.     

Seasonal variation and longitudinal distribution of copepods in the main river area of the Three Gorges Reservoir

The ecosystem of the Three Gorges in the Yangtze River was changed into an artificial lake (res-ervoir) ecosystem after impoundment in June 2003. We surveyed the seasonal variation and spatial distribution of copepods from April 2004 to January 2005 in order to provide data for clarifying the successional pattern of the ecosystem. From Jiangjin to Maoping, eight copepod species were collected and classified into Calanoida (2), Harpacticoida (1), and Cyclopoida (5). Among them, Mesocyclops pehpeiensis, M. leuckarti and Sinocalanus dorrii had a relatively wide distribution. No distinct dif-ference in species number was found among the sampling sites, but the species composition was different. Species composition, distribution and density of copepods showed significant seasonal variations. In addition, cope-pod density showed an obvious gradient with the distance from the reservoir dam: the nearer to the dam, the denser the copepods.     

渔山列岛浮游动物的群落结构特征分析

2011年10月—2012年7月对渔山列岛浮游动物的种类组成、优势种、群落结构、丰度和生物量进行了调查,分析了浮游动物丰度、多样性指数及其与环境因子的相关性。调查共鉴定浮游动物8类45种,其中原生动物类14种,占31．1％;桡足类次之13种,占28．9％。主要优势种有中华哲水蚤（Calanussinicus）、根状拟铃虫（Tintin—nopsisradix）和桡足类幼虫（Copepoditenauplinua）。多样性指数（H＇）7月（3．324）最高,10月（2．988）最低。结合多样性指数及丰富度指数可见,调查期间渔山列岛浮游动物的生物多样性7月最高,物种较丰富。相关性分析表明,浮游动物群落分布与营养盐、水温、盐度等环境因子存在一定的相关性。     

千岛湖浮游动物的群落结构

研究了贫－中营养型的大型,深水湖泊－－浙江千岛湖浮游动物的群落结构,包括种类组成,种群动态,现存量及群落多样性指数。在1a的研究中,共发现139种浮游动物（27种原生动物,70种轮虫,26种枝角类和16种桡足类）。根据年平均密度,各类浮游动物的优势种分别为褶累枝(Epistylis plicatilie),螺形龟甲轮虫9Keratella cochlearis),透明蚤（Daphnia hyalina)和一种中剑水蚤（Mesocyclops notius)。轮虫和枝角类群落多样性指数随着水体透明度的增大呈下降的趋势;采样站变异下,枝角类群落多样性指数与其种类数和密度呈显著的正相关关系;月份变异下,桡足类群落多样性指数与其密度呈显著的正相关关系。