Mx基因稀有密码子和mRNA结构及大肠杆菌表达 优化

通过对稀有密码子和mRNA翻译起始区二级结构的分析, 构建了4种重组表达菌株BL21(DE3)/pET-Mx, Rosseta(DE3)/pET-Mx, BL21(DE3)/pGEX-Mx和Rosseta(DE3)/pGEX-Mx, 在大肠杆菌中进行Mx基因的表达, Rosseta(DE3)/pET-Mx和Rosseta(DE3)/pGEX-Mx重组表达菌中都获得了表达, Western blotting检测到了特异的75 kDa表达产物。实验结果证明稀有密码子和mRNA翻译起始区二级结构对Mx 蛋白表达都有影响, 选择适用于稀有密码子表达的菌株Rosetta(DE3)有利于Mx蛋白的表达, 同时翻译起始区二级结构能值较低的表达载体pGEX-Mx获得的表达量明显增高。实验中首次获得了重组表达鸡全长Mx蛋白的大肠杆菌重组菌。     

人β神经生长因子基因稀有密码子及mRNA二级结构对其在大肠杆菌中表达的影响

目的:研究人β神经生长因子(β-NGF)基因中稀有密码子及其mRNA二级结构对其在大肠杆菌中表达量的影响。方法:根据对人β-ngf中稀有密码子及其mRNA二级结构的研究,同义突变人β-ngf基因,通过PCR得到人β-ngf的5’端同义突变基因rh-β-ngfp32和全同义突变基因rh-β-ngfmu,将这2个序列克隆入载体pET3a中,得到重组质粒pET3a-ngfp32和pET3a-ngfmu,分别转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态,IPTG诱导表达,收集菌体,SDS-PAGE检测其表达量的改变。结果:构建的pET3a-ngfp32和pET3a-ngfmu表达载体酶切和测序结果正确,SDS-PAGE结果显示,与在重组菌pET3a-NGF总蛋白中的表达量相比,目的蛋白rh-β-NGF在重组菌pET3a-NGFP32和pET3a-NGFmu中的表达量均明显增高,并且在重组菌pET3a-NGFmu中的表达量高于重组菌pET3a-NGFP32。结论:目的蛋白rh-β-NGF在重组菌pET3a-NGFP32和pET3a-NGFmu中表达量的增高,说明人β-ngf基因中稀有密码子和mRNA的二级结构对其在大肠杆菌中的表达有较为明显的影响,结果为构建rh-β-NGF的大肠杆菌工程菌株奠定了基础。     

降低mRNA翻译起始区的稳定性原核非融合表达HAb18GEF

为在大肠杆菌中非融合表达肝癌相关抗原HAb18G胞外区片段（HAb18GEF）,将HAb18GEF基因的cDNA插入原核表达载体pET21a+。通过计算机辅助设计,对重组的HAb18GEF/pET21a+的mRNA翻译起始区（TIR）的二级结构和密码子偏性同时进行预测。结果发现其存在稳定的茎环结构和许多稀有密码子。通过优化二级结构和优化密码子偏性二种策略分别来降低HAb18GEF/pET21a+的mRNA翻译起始区（TIR）的稳定性。在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下,利用密码子的简并性,通过非连续定点突变实现这两种优化。将突变前后的重组子经酶切鉴定和测序验证后,转化感受态JM109DE3宿主菌后,随机挑菌37℃下用IPTG诱导表达。SDSPAGE、间接ELISA、Western blot 和细胞分级分离法分析这些重组子的诱导表达情况。RNA dot blot对比分析优化前后目的基因mRNA的量。结果证明,成功地构建了HAb18GEF/pET21a+及其二种优化突变体。仅优化TIR区二级结构或仅优化TIR区密码子偏性均能实现HAb18GEF蛋白的非融合表达,而未优化的重组子不表达任何HAb18GEF。非融合表达产物在大肠杆菌中主要以包涵体形式存在,高达293%。由于过表达和细胞渗漏,培养基和周质腔中也可检测到少许的HAb18GEF。优化二级结构和优化密码子偏性二种策略的HAb18GEF的非融合表达量基本相同。优化前后HAb18GEF转录的mRNA量没有差别。这些结果表明,降低mRNA翻译起始区的稳定性可实现肝癌相关抗原HAb18G胞外区片段在大肠杆菌中的非融合表达。     

基于mRNA 5'端TIR区二级结构优化提高重组sTNFαRI在大肠杆菌中的表达水平

目的:通过优化PET11b-s TNFαRI 5'mRNA翻译起始区(TIR)二级结构从而提高可溶性肿瘤坏死因子I型受体(sTNFαRI)在大肠杆菌[E.coli BL21(DE3)]中的表达水平。方法:通过对PET11b-s TNFαRI mRNA 5'端TIR区二级结构的自由能及核苷酸位置熵分析,设计相应的引物对mRNA 5'翻译起始区(TIR)相应密码子进行突变,从而使核糖体结合位点(RBS)及起始密码子(AUG)暴露于发夹结构之外,此外将p ET11b核糖体结合位点由GAAGGAGA突变为GAAGAA,以利于翻译复合体的组装以及翻译起始。通过基因克隆的方法将5'端TIR区优化后的序列与s TNFαRI序列一起克隆到p ET11b载体中,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),阳性转化子经IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测。结果:通过对PET11b-s TNFαRI 5'TIR mRNA二级结构优化,经SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析表明重组s TNFαRI的表达水平较优化前提高50%~60%。结论:通过对重组载体翻译起始区(TIR)mRNA序列的二级结构优化可以有效提高目的蛋白的表达水平,对进一步工业化生产具有重要的应用价值。     

玉米黑粉菌cyp51基因结构分析与克隆表达

通过生物信息学手段分析cyp51基因结构,并根据GenBank登记的玉米黑粉茼cyp51 DNA序列,设计cyp51引物和两对分别截短不同跨膜区的突变体引物,构建了多种重组表达质粒及突变体重组表达质粒.选用不同宿主菌包括Escherichia coli BL21(DE3).BL21(DE3)pLysS和Rosetta(DE3)诱导表达并优化条件.SDS-PAGE分析结果表明:只有突变体pET32-YH-35能够在E. coli BL21(DE3)中高效表达(30℃,0.5 mmol/L IPRG诱导).通过与戊唑醇等4种商品化杀菌剂农药和14种XF系列农药先导化合物的紫外结合光谱分析表明:重组蛋白具有生物学活性.其中一种XF系列化合物的结合常数接近商品化杀菌剂,有可能开发为新的杀菌剂,为设计开发新型高效抗真菌新药提供了理论依据.     

mRNA翻译起始区二级结构改变对干扰素基因在大肠杆菌中翻译的影响

为研究mRNA翻译起始区结构与基因表达的关系,利用密码子的简并性,在不改变表达产物氨基酸序列的前提下定点突变α8干扰素及αA干扰素衍生物基因的5′端若干位点,使其与表达载体重组后转录形成的mRNA翻译起始区结构发生改变。SDS-PAGE及活性测定证实这些改变提高了外源基因的表达水平。RNA斑点印迹表明突变前后基因转录水平差别不大,表达水平的提高主要由于翻译效率的提高。mRNA翻译起始区二级结构预测提示其生成自由能(ΔG)的变化可能与表达水平的提高有关。     

原核表达中优化起始密码下游序列的软件设计与实现

在原核表达中影响外源基因表达效率的因素有很多,这其中翻译起始效率起了非常重要的作用。翻译起始效率又主要受SD序列、SD序列与起始密码子之间的间距、DB(DownstreamBox)序列、mRNA翻译起始区(TIR)的二级结构和稀有密码子等因素的影响。主要针对DB序列和5′端稀有密码子的优化设计了软件。通过计算机对序列进行分析比对后,按照匹配碱基数、匹配位置、密码子使用频率平均值的顺序进行排序,给出一些优化序列,并给出了软件算法。     

真核细胞中多重表达框mRNA的选择性翻译起始

扫描模型和遗漏扫描模型是真核生物mRNA翻译起始的两种主要机制,但其仍存在某些例外情况,如对具有多顺反子结构的mRNA,选择性翻译起始的发生机制目前仍不清楚.本研究基于GFP蛋白开放表达框(ORF)构建了一系列重组表达载体,用以转录在移码翻译顺序及同一翻译顺序下,AUG起始密码子处于不同序列背景,以及间隔不同距离的多顺反子结构mRNA.通过转染人Bel 7402细胞系,研究了这些多顺反子结构mRNA的翻译起始模式.结果表明,在移码翻译顺序下,多顺反子mRNA可翻译出对应的不同蛋白质,而在同一翻译顺序下,GFP蛋白表达框中的多个AUG密码子,仅有首位起始密码子可发挥作用,提示核糖体在从首位起始密码子开始翻译的同时,可能会有部分核糖体继续向下扫描并识别下游的起始密码子,而这种选择性的翻译起始效率,主要取决于密码子所处的序列背景及间隔距离等因素.     

应用计算机软件辅助重组hbFGF 基因的筛选

目的：尝试通过计算机的辅助筛选基因重组组合,期望能减少人工筛选的工作量并得到高表达的蛋白。方法：从影响表达的两个因素即翻译起始区陬的二级结构自由能和翻译起始区的密码子偏好性问题研究入手,对部分核苷酸进行了突变,利用RNA二级结构预测软件DNASISv2．5对hbFGF的陬区起始密码子开始前35个核苷酸进行了分析,筛选出预期表达量高的组合并在实验中加以验证。结果：从32种突变方式中筛选出10条自由能绝对值最低的序列做引物,克隆至表达载体上,得到了两株高表达菌株。结论：利用计算机辅助设计可以优化和筛选实验结果,提高工作效率,降低具体实验的工作量。     

mRNA翻译起始区的结构改变对几个外源基因翻译的影响

为观察ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区结构与基因表达的关系,利用密码子的简并性,在不改变表达产物氨基酸序列的前提下定点突变几个外源基因的５′端若干位点,使基佤表达载体重组后转录形成的ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区结构发生改变。经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ等分析证实这些改变大大提高了外源基因的表达水平,ＲＮＡｄｏｔｂｌｏｔ表明突变与非突变基因转录水平差别不大,表达水平的提高主要由于翻译效率的提高,ｍＲＮＡ翻译起始区二级结构预测提示其生     

血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子N端部分缺失对生物活性的影响

血管内皮细胞生长抑制因子 (vascularendothelialcellgrowthinhibitor,VEGI)是近年来发现的一类TNF家族新成员 ,具有抑制内皮细胞增殖与新血管生成的作用。为了探讨VEGI蛋白N端对其活性的影响 ,进行了VEGI与TNF家族成员基于结构知识的一级结构序列联配 ,在此基础上构建、表达了N端缺失 43与 5 1个氨基酸的VEGI突变体。N端缺失 43个氨基酸的VEGI(VEGI131)表达量占总菌体蛋白质的 2 5 .2 % ,N端缺失 5 1个氨基酸的VEGI(VE GI12 3)表达量为 2 7.8% ,纯化后纯度分别为 92 .5 % (VEGI131)和 91.6 % (VEGI12 3)。VEGI131可明显抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞 (HUVEC)增殖 ,IC50 约为 35mg/L ,而VEGI12 3在同样条件下几乎无抑制作用 ,野生型VEGI即N端缺失 2 3个氨基酸的VEGI(VEGI151,由作者实验室制备 )IC50 约为 2 7mg/L。鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管生成实验证明 ,VEGI151可使主血管数显著减少 ,VEGI131可使主血管变细 ,毛细血管数减少 ,而VEGI12 3 与对照组相比无明显变化。体内外研究显示VEGI活性从高到低依次为 :VEGI151>VEGI131>VEGI12 3。结果提示 :VEGI的N端前 43个氨基酸对活性无明显影响 ,而第 44～ 5 1位氨基酸对其生物活性的发挥具有重要作用。     

Three forms of rat basic fibroblast growth factor are made from a single mRNA and localize to the nucleus

The molecular weight of rat basic fibroblast growth factor is predicted to be 18 kDa when the amino acid sequence is read from the single AUG initiation codon found in the cDNA. DNA sequencing upstream of this AUG codon indicated, however, that there was an extended open reading frame. In vitro translation of the rat cDNA for basic FGF gave three proteins of 18.0, 21.5, and 22.0 kDa in equal abundance. The same proteins were produced in vivo by COS cells transfected with the rat cDNA. Deletion of 81 base pairs from the reading frame upstream of the AUG codon resulted in the expression of only one protein observed at 18.0 kDa. These results indicated that the 22.0 and 21.5 kDa forms of rat basic FGF were formed when translation initiates at the alternative upstream non-AUG codons. Rat cell lines and tissues were found to express all three forms of basic FGF protein. The cDNA was used to analyze the subcellular distribution of the different forms of rat basic FGF. Subcellular fractionation and immunofluorescence of transfected COS cells showed that all three forms of the protein localized preferentially in the nucleus. Expression of a truncated cDNA from which 81 base pairs (27 amino acids) of the upstream reading frame had been deleted, showed localization of the smaller form of bFGF alone in the nucleus. These results demonstrated that although the amino acids that were deleted from the N-terminus of rat basic fibroblast growth factor have a sequence characteristic of nuclear localization motifs, they are not obligatory for the transport of the growth factor into the nucleus. Nuclear extracts taken from transfected cells also contained two smaller proteins of 16 and 12 kDa that were detected by Western blot analysis. It is possible that these are proteolytic products of bFGF.     

Human tissue factor: cDNA sequence and chromosome localization of the gene

A human placenta cDNA library in lambda gt11 was screened for the expression of tissue factor antigens with rabbit polyclonal anti-human tissue factor immunoglobulin G. Among 4 million recombinant clones screened, one positive, lambda HTF8, expressed a protein that shared epitopes with authentic human brain tissue factor. The 1.1-kilobase cDNA insert of lambda HTF8 encoded a peptide that contained the amino-terminal protein sequence of human brain tissue factor. Northern blotting identified a major mRNA species of 2.2 kilobases and a minor species of approximately 3.2 kilobases in poly(A)+ RNA of placenta. Only 2.2-kilobase mRNA was detected in human brain and in the human monocytic U937 cell line. In U937 cells, the quantity of tissue factor mRNA was increased severalfold by exposure of the cells to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Additional cDNA clones were selected by hybridization with the cDNA insert of lambda HTF8. These overlapping isolates span 2177 base pairs of the tissue factor cDNA sequence that includes a 5'-noncoding region of 75 base pairs, an open reading frame of 885 base pairs, a stop codon, a 3'-noncoding region of 1141 base pairs, and a poly(A) tail. The open reading frame encodes a 33-kilodalton protein of 295 amino acids. The predicted sequence includes a signal peptide of 32 or 34 amino acids, a probable extracellular factor VII binding domain of 217 or 219 amino acids, a transmembrane segment of 23 amino acids, and a cytoplasmic tail of 21 amino acids. There are three potential glycosylation sites with the sequence Asn-X-Thr/Ser.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Human thrombomodulin: complete cDNA sequence and chromosome localization of the gene

A human umbilical vein endothelial cell cDNA library in lambda gt11 was screened for expression of thrombomodulin antigens with affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal anti-thrombomodulin immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mouse monoclonal anti-human thrombomodulin IgG. Among 7 million recombinant clones screened, 12 were recognized by both antibodies. Two of these, lambda HTm10 and lambda HTm12, were shown to encode thrombomodulin by comparison of the amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence to the amino acid sequence determined directly from tryptic peptides of thrombomodulin. Thrombomodulin mRNA was estimated to be 3.7 kilobases in length by Northern blot analysis of endothelial cell and placental poly(A)+ RNA. Thrombomodulin mRNA was not detected in human brain, HepG2 hepatoma cells, or the monocytic U937 cell line. Additional cDNA clones were selected by hybridization with the 1.2-kilobase insert of lambda HTm10. One isolate, lambda HTm15, contained a 3693 base pair cDNA insert with an apparent 5'-noncoding region of 146 base pairs, an open reading frame of 1725 base pairs, a stop codon, a 3'-noncoding region of 1779 base pairs, and a poly(A) tail of 40 base pairs. The cDNA sequence encodes a 60.3-kDa protein of 575 amino acids. The predicted protein sequence includes a signal peptide of approximately 21 amino acids, an amino-terminal ligand-binding domain of approximately 223 amino acids, an epidermal growth factor (EGF) homology region of 236 amino acids, a serine/threonine-rich segment of 34 amino acids, a membrane-spanning domain of 23 amino acids, and a cytoplasmic tail of 38 amino acids. The EGF-homology region consists of six tandemly repeated EGF-like domains.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Expression and Export of Pseudomonas putida NTU-8 Creatinase by Escherichia coli Using the Chitinase Signal Sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila

The gene for the creatinase from Pseudomonas putida NTU-8 was sequenced and revealed an open reading frame (ORF) of 1209 base pairs encoding a polypeptide of 403 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight (M(r)) of 45,691. The deduced amino acid sequence is very similar to that of the creatinase of Pseudomonas putida and Flavobacterium sp. An overproduction system for the chitinase signal peptide--creatinase hybrid gene was constructed by using the pQE-51 expression vector in E. coli JM109. The amount of this fusion enzyme was about 50% exported into the periplasmic space of E. coli.     

Nucleotide sequence of the genes III, VI and I of bacteriophage M13.

A DNA region of 2750 base pairs encompassing the genes III, VI and I of bacteriophage M13 has been sequenced by the Maxam-Gilbert procedure. By establishing the nucleotide changes introduced by several amber mutations, the coding region and the regulatory signals of each gene have been deduced. The genes appear to span 1275 base pairs (gene III; mol.wt. 44,748) 339 base pairs (gene VI; mol.wt. 12,264) and 1047 base pairs (gene I; mol.wt. 39,500). Their separating non-codogenic regions are extremely short, namely two and one base pair, respectively. The C-terminal end of gene I, however, intrudes 23 nucleotides into gene IV. From the nucleotide sequence it appears that the minor capsid protein of the phage, which is encoded by gene III, is synthesized in a precursor form containing 18 extra amino acids at its N-terminal end. Furthermore, in this capsid protein two clusters of a fourfold repeat of the sequence Glu-Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser are apparent. Gene VI appears to code for a small, extremely hydrophobic polypeptide. Its total hydrophobic amino acids content of 51% suggests that this protein can only function in the host cell membrane.     

A novel functional assay for fungal histidine kinases group III reveals the role of HAMP domains for fungicide sensitivity

Signal transduction systems comprising histidine kinases are suggested as new molecular targets of antibiotics. The important human fungal pathogen Candida albicans possesses three histidine kinases, one of which is the type III histidine kinase CaNik1, which activates the MAP kinase Hog1. We established a screening system for inhibitors of this class of histidine kinases by functional expression of the CaNIK1 gene in S. cerevisiae. This transformant was susceptible to fungicides to which the wild type strain was resistant, such as fludioxonil and ambruticin. Growth inhibition correlated with phosphorylation of Hog1 and was dependent on an intact Hog1 pathway. At the N-terminus the histidine kinase CaNik1 has four amino acid repeats of 92 amino acids each and one truncated repeat of 72 amino acids. Within these repeats we identified 9 HAMP domains with a paired structure. We constructed mutants in which one or two pairs of these domains were deleted. S. cerevisiae transformants expressing the full-length CaNIK1 showed the highest sensitivity to the fungicides, any truncation reduced the susceptibility of the transformants to the fungicides. This indicates that the HAMP domains are decisive for the mode of action of the antifungal compounds.     

Ku heterodimer binds to both ends of the Werner protein and functional interaction occurs at the Werner N-terminus

The human Werner syndrome protein, WRN, is a member of the RecQ helicase family and contains 3′→5′ helicase and 3′→5′ exonuclease activities. Recently, we showed that the exonuclease activity of WRN is greatly stimulated by the human Ku heterodimer protein. We have now mapped this interaction physically and functionally. The Ku70 subunit specifically interacts with the N-terminus (amino acids 1–368) of WRN, while the Ku80 subunit interacts with its C-terminus (amino acids 940– 1432). Binding between Ku70 and the N-terminus of WRN (amino acids 1–368) is sufficient for stimulation of WRN exonuclease activity. A mutant Ku heterodimer of full-length Ku80 and truncated Ku70 (amino acids 430–542) interacts with C-WRN but not with N-WRN and cannot stimulate WRN exonuclease activity. This emphasizes the functional significance of the interaction between the N-terminus of WRN and Ku70. The interaction between Ku80 and the C-terminus of WRN may modulate some other, as yet unknown, function. The strong interaction between Ku and WRN suggests that these two proteins function together in one or more pathways of DNA metabolism.