车八岭山地常绿阔叶林冰灾后土壤节肢动物群落的多样性

2008年初车八岭山地常绿阔叶林受到中国南方80年一遇的冰灾的重创。为了揭示灾后林冠开度的梯度对土壤节肢动物多样性与分布的影响, 在受冰灾影响的车八岭山地常绿阔叶林设置2 ha固定样地, 按照冠层受损程度选取17个20 m×20 m的样方, 用半球面影像技术获取林冠开度, 并分凋落物层、0–10 cm和10–20 cm的矿质土层采集凋落物及土壤样品, 分析土壤节肢动物多样性。利用双向聚类分析(two-way cluster analysis)对凋落物层的土壤节肢动物和样地进行聚类, 以典范对应分析(canonical correspondence analysis)研究冠层开度、土壤有机质、电导率以及自然含水量与0–10 cm表土层土壤节肢动物的关系。结果表明土壤节肢动物的多度、丰富度和多样性随土壤层的加深而下降, 具有明显的表聚性; 林冠开度与凋落物层的土壤节肢动物类群数量呈负相关; 甲螨亚目、中气门亚目和前气门亚目动物对光照的适应范围广; 膜翅目、鞘翅目幼虫、综合纲和伪蝎目动物具有明显的避光性; 土壤节肢动物类群的分布与林冠开度、土壤自然含水量、电导率和有机质关系密切。因此可以推论, 冰灾对车八岭山地常绿阔叶林冠层的破坏及土壤因子的变化会进一步影响土壤节肢动物群落的组成和分布。本项研究还表明, 土壤节肢动物群落能有效地表征它们所栖息的生态系统的特点, 可用于监测冰灾后森林恢复和演替动态。而双向聚类分析和典范对应分析对于揭示土壤节肢动物的空间异质性及其与环境因子的相互关系具有理想的效果。     

Canopy gaps formed by mangrove trimming: an experimental test of impact on litter fall and standing litter stock in Southwest Florida (USA)

Mangroves in Florida (USA) are subject to horticultural pruning that may increase the size of canopy gaps and alter rates of litter production and accumulation. Mangrove canopy gap formation is a common phenomenon, known to alter abiotic conditions near the forest floor. Using a series of field experiments in Rookery Bay, Florida, the effects of mangrove trimming on canopy density, mangrove litter production, standing litter stocks, and the decomposition rate of Rhizophora mangle leaves on the forest floor were assessed. Litter trap collections over the year following mangrove trimming indicated that pruned mangrove stands (canopy coverage: 42.8±0.9%; mean±S.E.) produced approximately one-half of the litter of mangrove stands with relatively complete canopies (canopy coverage: 72.1±0.5%). However, there was no significant difference between the mass of standing litter on the forest floor beneath reduced canopy and intact canopy mangroves. Also, R. mangle leaves held on the forest floor in fiberglass litter bags at both reduced canopy and control sites did not decompose at different rates over 28 days. These results indicate that while system-wide mangrove litter production should be reduced by the formation of these gaps in mangrove forests, postproduction influences may obscure any site-specific declines in standing litter stocks.     

Preliminary evidence suggests that beech scale insect honeydew has a negative effect on terrestrial litter decomposition rates in

Honeydew production by New Zealand beech scale insects (Ultracoelostoma spp., Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is widely considered to have a positive influence on native animal abundance and ecosystem functioning. As a first assessment of whether there is a positive relationship between honeydew throughfall and litter decomposition rates, we placed experimental litter bags in each of 10 high and 10 low honeydew plots in mixed southern beech (Nothofagus) forest at each of two sites, Lakehead and Rotoiti, in the Nelson Lakes National Park. High and low honeydew plots were selected using sooty mould biomass on the forest floor as a surrogate for honeydew throughfall, as sooty mould biomass was shown to be strongly correlated (r = 0.906) with scale insect population size at the Rotoiti site. Contrary to our expectation, terrestrial litter decomposition was significantly lower in high honeydew plots than in low honeydew plots, at both Lakehead and Rotoiti. The presence of introduced wasps (Vespula spp., Hymenoptera: Vespidae) at the Lakehead site did not appear to have any significant effect on litter decomposition rates, despite the fact that wasps are thought to intercept much of the honeydew produced in this forest. Variance in litter decomposition rates between high and low honeydew treatments was predominantly determined by a direct relationship between sooty mould biomass and litter decomposition rate at the scale of individual litter bags. However, the mechanistic explanation for the observed relationship is unclear. Future studies should be directed towards quantifying the functional relationship between honeydew throughfall and growth rates of sooty mould, and their subsequent effects on abiotic conditions, microarthropod community dynamics and microbial activity rates in litter.     

川西亚高山典型森林生态系统截留水文效应

截留是水文循环的一个重要过程,水文功能是森林生态系统功能的重要方面,林冠和枯落物截留实现对大气降水的二次分配过程.为深入认识生态系统截留的水文效应,采用野外观测和人工降雨模拟试验相结合的方法,研究了2008年和2009年5-10月贡嘎山亚高山峨眉冷杉中龄林、峨眉冷杉成熟林和针阔混交林的冠层枯落物截留能力.结果表明,峨眉冷杉中龄林2008年林冠截留率为20.9％,针阔混交林2008年和2009年林冠截留率分别为23.0％和23.6％,林冠截留率的年际间变化不大,林冠截留主要受到降雨特征影响.3种林型枯落物饱和持水能力分别为5.1、5.1和5.7 mm,显著高于林冠的饱和持水能力,但由于冠层的截留蒸发速率较高,林冠截留蒸发仍是生态系统截留蒸发的主要组成部分.     

Arthropod Abundance and Diversity in a Lowland Tropical Forest Floor in Panama: The Role of Habitat Space vs. Nutrient Concentrations

Tropical forest floor characteristics such as depth and nutrient concentrations are highly heterogeneous even over small spatial scales and it is unclear how these differences contribute to patchiness in forest floor arthropod abundance and diversity. In a lowland tropical forest in Panama we experimentally increased litter standing crop by removing litter from five plots (L−) and adding it to five other plots (L+); we had five control plots. After 32 mo of treatments we investigated how arthropod abundance and diversity were related to differences in forest floor physical (mass, depth, water content) and chemical properties (pH, nutrient concentrations). Forest floor mass and total arthropod abundance were greater in L+ plots compared with controls. There were no treatment differences in nutrient concentrations, pH or water content of the organic horizons. Over all plots, the mass of the fermentation horizon (Oe) was greater than the litter horizon (Oi); arthropod diversity and biomass were also greater in the Oe horizon but nutrient concentrations tended to be higher in the Oi horizon. Arthropod abundance was best explained by forest floor mass, while arthropod diversity was best explained by phosphorus, calcium and sodium concentrations in the Oi horizon and by phosphorus concentrations in the Oe horizon. Differences in arthropod community composition between treatments and horizons correlated with phosphorus concentration and dry mass of the forest floor. We conclude that at a local scale, arthropod abundance is related to forest floor mass (habitat space), while arthropod diversity is related to forest floor nutrient concentrations (habitat quality).     

Leaf litter inputs reinforce islands of nitrogen fertility in a lowland tropical forest

The role of lowland tropical forest tree communities in shaping soil nutrient cycling has been challenging to elucidate in the face of high species diversity. Previously, we showed that differences in tree species composition and canopy foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations correlated with differences in soil N availability in a mature Costa Rican rainforest. Here, we investigate potential mechanisms explaining this correlation. We used imaging spectroscopy to identify study plots containing 10–20 canopy trees with either high or low mean canopy N relative to the landscape mean. Plots were restricted to an uplifted terrace with relatively uniform parent material and climate. In order to assess whether canopy and soil N could be linked by litterfall inputs, we tracked litter production in the plots and measured rates of litter decay and the carbon and N content of leaf litter and leaf litter leachate. We also compared the abundance of putative N fixing trees and rates of free-living N fixation as well as soil pH, texture, cation exchange capacity, and topographic curvature to assess whether biological N fixation and/or soil properties could account for differences in soil N that were, in turn, imprinted on the canopy. We found no evidence of differences in legume communities, free-living N fixation, or abiotic properties. However, soils beneath high canopy N assemblages received ~ 60% more N via leaf litterfall due to variability in litter N content between plot types. The correlation of N in canopy leaves, leaf litter, and soil suggests that, under similar abiotic conditions, litterfall-mediated feedbacks can help maintain soil N differences among tropical tree assemblages in this diverse tropical forest.

     

Canopy soil greenhouse gas dynamics in response to indirect fertilization across an elevation gradient of tropical montane forests

Canopy soils can significantly contribute to aboveground labile biomass, especially in tropical montane forests. Whether they also contribute to the exchange of greenhouse gases is unknown. To examine the importance of canopy soils to tropical forest‐soil greenhouse gas exchange, we quantified gas fluxes from canopy soil cores along an elevation gradient with 4 yr of nutrient addition to the forest floor. Canopy soil contributed 5–12 percent of combined (canopy + forest floor) soil CO₂ emissions but CH₄ and N₂O fluxes were low. At 2000 m, phosphorus decreased CO₂ emissions (>40%) and nitrogen slightly increased CH₄ uptake and N₂O emissions. Our results show that canopy soils may contribute significantly to combined soil greenhouse gas fluxes in montane regions with high accumulations of canopy soil. We also show that changes in fluxes could occur with chronic nutrient deposition.     

Litter Decomposition Within the Canopy and Forest Floor of Three Tree Species in a Tropical Lowland Rain forest,Costa Rica

The rain forest canopy hosts a large percentage of the world's plant biodiversity, which is maintained, in large part, by internal nutrient cycling. This is the first study to examine the effects of site (canopy, forest floor) and tree species (Dipteryx panamensis, Lecythis ampla, Hyeronima alchorneoides) on decay rates of a common substrate and in situ leaf litter in a tropical forest in Costa Rica. Decay rates were slower for both substrates within the canopy than on the forest floor. The slower rate of mass loss of the common substrate in the canopy was due to differences in microclimate between sites. Canopy litter decay rates were negatively correlated with litter lignin:P ratios, while forest floor decay rates were negatively correlated with lignin concentrations, indicating that the control of litter decay rates in the canopy is P availability while that of the forest floor is carbon quality. The slower cycling rates within the canopy are consistent with lower foliar nutrient concentrations of epiphytes compared with forest floor-rooted plants. Litter decay rates, but not common substrate decay rates, varied among tree species. The lack of variation in common substrate decay among tree species eliminated microclimatic variation as a possible cause for differences in litter decay and points to variation in litter quality, nutrient availability and decomposer community of tree species as the causal factors. The host tree contribution to canopy nutrient cycling via litter quality and inputs may influence the quality and quantity of canopy soil resources.     

Responses of litter invertebrate communities to litter manipulation in a Japanese conifer plantation

We examined how the litter invertebrate communities were affected by the temporal changes in the mass and structural complexity of the litter resources by adding and removing litter on the forest floor of a temperate conifer plantation (Cryptomeria japonica) in Japan. We showed that litter mass and depth in the litter-addition (L+) plots changed rapidly into a steady-state condition similar to those in the control plots, mainly due to accelerated decomposition processes during the rainy season. Higher area-based densities of litter invertebrates in the L+ plots, similar mass-based densities between the L+ and control plots, and significant positive correlations between litter mass and the number of individuals implied that the abundance of litter invertebrates would be governed by litter mass rather than by the litter depth. Many litter invertebrates including detritivores were collected even in the litter-removal (L−) area. The relative abundances of invertebrate predators collecting pitfall traps were higher in the L− plots and lower in the L+ plots compared to those in the control plots, whereas those collecting Tullgren funnels were higher in the L+ plots than in the control plots. In the L+ plots, the range of variation in the community compositions among the samples decreased significantly over time in response to a drastic decrease in litter mass, in contrast to the control plots, which showed a relatively constant community composition during the study period. Our litter manipulation experiment reveals some of the mechanisms responsible for maintaining an equilibrium state of forest-floor litter mass and for the responses of litter invertebrate communities to temporal changes in the litter.     

Nitrogen cycling in canopy soils of tropical montane forests responds rapidly to indirect N and P fertilization

Although the canopy can play an important role in forest nutrient cycles, canopy‐based processes are often overlooked in studies on nutrient deposition. In areas of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) deposition, canopy soils may retain a significant proportion of atmospheric inputs, and also receive indirect enrichment through root uptake followed by throughfall or recycling of plant litter in the canopy. We measured net and gross rates of N cycling in canopy soils of tropical montane forests along an elevation gradient and assessed indirect effects of elevated nutrient inputs to the forest floor. Net N cycling rates were measured using the buried bag method. Gross N cycling rates were measured using ¹⁵N pool dilution techniques. Measurements took place in the field, in the wet and dry season, using intact cores of canopy soil from three elevations (1000, 2000 and 3000 m). The forest floor had been fertilized biannually with moderate amounts of N and P for 4 years; treatments included control, N, P, and N + P. In control plots, gross rates of NH₄⁺ transformations decreased with increasing elevation; gross rates of NO₃^? transformations did not exhibit a clear elevation trend, but were significantly affected by season. Nutrient‐addition effects were different at each elevation, but combined N + P generally increased N cycling rates at all elevations. Results showed that canopy soils could be a significant N source for epiphytes as well as contributing up to 23% of total (canopy + forest floor) mineral N production in our forests. In contrast to theories that canopy soils are decoupled from nutrient cycling in forest floor soil, N cycling in our canopy soils was sensitive to slight changes in forest floor nutrient availability. Long‐term atmospheric N and P deposition may lead to increased N cycling, but also increased mineral N losses from the canopy soil system.     

Specific features of algal communities in forest litter of forest biogeocenoses of the steppe zone

We have studied the specific features of the composition of algal groups in forest litters of natural and manmade forest biogeocenoses in the steppe zone. The strongest resemblance is seen between algal groups formed in forest litters with identical compositions of plant debris (leaf or needle). The dominants and the structure of algal groups vary with respect to the season and subhorizon of forest litter, which points to the specificity of the latter as algal habitat. It is characterized by high variability of the thickness and physicochemical properties as a result of biotic and abiotic destruction of plant remains. The needle litter is predominated by Chlorophyta and Xanthophyta (with respect to the species number and abundance) upon the considerable participation of Cyanoprokaryota. When the needle litter is enriched with leaf debris, the species diversity of Cyanoprokaryota increases. The biological diversity of algae in the forest litter is high, and they may play a significant role in the formation of algal communities in soil horizons.     

Diversity of pselaphine beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in eastern Thailand

Pselaphine beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) are cosmopolitan, species‐rich, and yet poorly studied, particularly in the tropics. We sampled beetles in three types of primary forest and two types of disturbed forest habitats in eastern Thailand to assess the utility of pselaphine beetles as bioindicators of forest disturbance. We simultaneously measured leaf litter mass, soil moisture, soil acidity and canopy cover at each site to infer which environmental factors affect pselaphine beetle diversity and abundance. At each site, pselaphine beetles were extracted from ten 1 m² samples of leaf litter and soil with Tullgren funnels. We sampled 1867 adult beetles representing six supertribes, 51 genera and 114 morphospecies; 7% of the genera and 92% of the species were undescribed. Forest types differed significantly in species richness, abundance, diversity and evenness. Primary forest had greater numbers of species and individuals, and higher diversity indices (H′). Teak plantation and secondary forest had substantially fewer individuals and species of pselaphine beetles. Species composition differed between primary and degraded forests. Canopy cover, soil moisture, and leaf litter mass positively correlated with beetle species richness and abundance. Leaf litter mass and soil moisture were the two most important factors affecting the diversity of pselaphine beetle assemblages. Among the 114 morphospecies collected, 43 morphospecies were specific to two or three habitats and 64 morphospecies were found only in a single habitat. Thus pselaphine beetles appear to have rather narrow habitat requirements and their presence/absence was correlated with environmental differences. These traits make pselaphine beetles a suitable bioindicator taxon for assessing forest litter diversity and monitoring habitat change.     

Molecular analysis of fungal communities and laccase genes in decomposing litter reveals differences among forest types but no impact of nitrogen deposition

The fungal community of the forest floor was examined as the cause of previously reported increases in soil organic matter due to experimental N deposition in ecosystems producing predominantly high-lignin litter, and the opposite response in ecosystems producing low-lignin litter. The mechanism proposed to explain this phenomenon was that white-rot basidiomycetes are more important in the degradation of high-lignin litter than of low-lignin litter, and that their activity is suppressed by N deposition. We found that forest floor mass in the low-lignin sugar-maple dominated system decreased in October due to experimental N deposition, whereas forest floor mass of high-lignin oak-dominated ecosystems was unaffected by N deposition. Increased relative abundance of basidiomycetes in high-lignin forest floor was confirmed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing. Abundance of basidiomycete laccase genes, encoding an enzyme used by white-rot basidiomycetes in the degradation of lignin, was 5-10 times greater in high-lignin forest floor than in low-lignin forest floor. While the differences between the fungal communities in different ecosystems were consistent with the proposed mechanism, no significant effects of N deposition were detected on DGGE profiles, laccase gene abundance, laccase length heterogeneity profiles, or phenol oxidase activity. Our observations indicate that the previously detected accumulation of soil organic matter in the high-lignin system may be driven by effects of N deposition on organisms in the mineral soil, rather than on organisms residing in the forest floor. However, studies of in situ gene expression and temporal and spatial variability within forest floor communities will be necessary to further relate the ecosystem dynamics of organic carbon to microbial communities and atmospheric N deposition.     

The effects of sheep-grazing on the subterranean termite fauna (Isoptera) of the Western Australian wheatbelt

Abstract The majority of existing remnants of wandoo Eucalyptus capillosa woodland in the Western Australian wheatbelt have been grazed by sheep for several decades and are often visibly degraded. A pilot survey was conducted into the effects of sheep on vegetation and soil variables, and the abundance, diversity and species frequency of occurrence of subterranean termite communities. Ten 1/4 ha study plots were used for paired grazed/ungrazed comparisons. Ungrazed plots had more litter mass (dry weight), leaf and woody litter, canopy cover (%) and soil moisture (moisture content <1.2% across study plots); grazed plots had a higher percentage of bare ground. Termites were as abundant, and as diverse, in grazed as in ungrazed plots, and were equally often sampled in the soil and surface wood. Termite species eating sound wood, decayed wood/debris and grass were sampled equally often, and were of equal diversity in sheep-grazed as in ungrazed plots. The mounds of Drepanotermes tamminensis were more abundant in grazed plots. These findings indicate that prolonged sheep grazing in remnants of wandoo woodland of the Western Australian wheatbelt has had no detrimental or beneficial effect on its subterranean termites.     

Preliminary trial of woody debris addition on the return of invertebrates to restored bauxite mines in the jarrah forest of Western Australia

Woody debris is an important component of forest ecosystems, but its use in mine site restoration has been limited and it can be slow to build up naturally. A new technique of spreading snipped wood waste onto restored mine pits prior to seeding has been subjected to a preliminary trial at Alcoa's Huntly mine site, in the northern jarrah forest of south‐western Western Australia. We examined whether the application of snipped wood during restoration encourages the return of ground‐ and litter‐dwelling invertebrates without negatively suppressing plant establishment. Invertebrates were sampled across three seasons from experimental plots treated with 0 t/ha (control), 100 t/ha or 300 t/ha snipped wood waste. Invertebrate communities in treatment plots comprised higher numbers and diversity of wood and litter decomposers such as mites, Diplopoda, Dermaptera and Blattodea than control plots. Plant responses were variable, with wood treatment resulting in lower tree and overall plant density but having no effects on plant species richness or plant cover. Wood treatment plots were associated with higher soil nitrogen than controls. We hypothesise that the use of a fine wood treatment at the lowest rate of 100 t/ha (approximately 30% wood cover) is likely to enhance the diversity and abundance of invertebrates in restored areas, with minimal effect on plant establishment. Encouraging a diverse invertebrate fauna to recolonise restoration should help speed up succession and ecosystem functions such as decomposition and nutrient cycling, and more quickly return the land to previous ecosystem values.     

Canopy invertebrate community composition on rainforest trees: Different microhabitats support very different invertebrate communities

Tropical rainforest canopies are renowned for their high invertebrate diversity and abundance. The canopy comprises a range of microhabitats representing very different food resources (including photosynthetic, reproductive, and structural tissues). As these resources vary considerably in temporal and spatial availability, nutritional quality, chemical protection and other attributes, we hypothesized that microhabitats support structurally different invertebrate communities. To test this we used the Australian Canopy Crane to sample invertebrates from mature leaves, flush leaves, flowers, fruit and suspended dead wood from 23 plant species. Invertebrate faunas on different microhabitats varied in taxonomic composition and feeding guild structure in support of the microhabitat differentiation hypothesis. Herbivores were found predominantly on new leaves (Hemiptera, Lepidoptera) and especially flowers (Coleoptera, Thysanoptera), but were relatively uncommon on mature leaves. Instead, the mature foliage community was dominated by predators, especially spiders and ants, and supported high abundances of saprophages. Ripe fruit and dead wood were scarce canopy resources that were utilized by a relatively small number of invertebrates, mostly saprophages and fungivores. Flowers supported a more heterogeneous fauna than the leaves in terms of proportional abundances of taxonomic groups and feeding guilds, both within tree species (evenness) and between tree species (non‐uniformity). These results demonstrate microhabitat differentiation in a rainforest canopy and are the first to quantify differences in taxonomic composition, guild structure and abundance patterns between such diverse invertebrate assemblages within host trees. We conclude that studies based only on sampling one microhabitat, and leaves in particular, may provide a distorted picture of invertebrate community structure.     

Forest canopy cover determines invertebrate diversity and ecosystem process rates in depositional zones of headwater streams

相似文献   

Topography strongly affects atmospheric deposition and canopy exchange processes in different types of wet lowland rainforest,Southwest Costa Rica

Bulk precipitation and throughfall were collected in a wet lowland rainforest in SW Costa Rica on an event basis to allow modelling the contributions of dry deposition and canopy exchange to nutrient inputs and internal cycling of nutrients. Estimates based on bulk precipitation underestimated total atmospheric deposition to tropical rainforests by up to 10-fold ignoring the contributions of dry deposition. Canopy exchange contributed most of the aboveground inputs to the forest soil of Na⁺, about half for K⁺, 10% for P and Mg²⁺ and negligible for N, C and other elements. Tree species composition did not account for the differences found in net throughfall between forest sites, and vegetation structure (plant area index) had only a small effect on net throughfall. Forest regrowth affected net throughfall through reduced soil fertility and differences in leaf traits. Topography most significantly affected net throughfall via increased dry deposition at sites of higher elevation and via soil fertility and increased canopy exchange at down slope sites.     

Correlations of understory herb distribution patterns with microhabitats under different tree species in a mixed mesophytic forest

Summary This study examines the role of canopy trees in the formation and maintenance of different herb microhabitats in a mixed mesophytic forest stand. Herb abundance and reproductive success were recorded in 54 circular plots under seven species of canopy trees and in 15 circular control plots>2 m from any tree. Soil moisture, soil nutrient levels, litter depth, and light intensity were measured in a subset of these plots. Ordination of plots by both herb relative abundance and by reproductive success of common species indicated that herb assemblages under most canopy tree species were similar to those away from trees. However, herb assemblages under Fagus grandifolia trees differed moderately from the others while plots under Quercus alba trees supported significantly different herb assemblages. Analyses of variance revealed that several herb species occurred at significantly closer mean distance to the base of Q. alba or Fagus trees or at higher densities under these tree species. Soils around Q. alba trees had significantly higher concentrations of calcium and sulfate ions, and higher pH than plots under other tree species and control plots. This correlated closely with Q. alba stemflow which had higher concentrations of calcium and sulfate ions and lower concentrations of hydrogen ions than stemflow from other trees at this site. The slightly lower soil pH near the base of Fagus trees may have been related to the high volumes of stemflow produced by this species. Stepwise regression showed significant correlations between abundances of five common herb species and soil nutrient patterns. Maintenance of spatial heterogeneity in forest floor resources by the presence of different species of canopy trees may therefore be important in the maintenance of diversity in these understory herb communities.     

中国森林生态系统林冠层降雨截留特征

森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的主体,其发达的林冠层通过调节降水量、改变降水强度等深刻影响着流域全过程水文通量及水分输出。以中国广泛开展的典型森林降雨再分配过程的年尺度监测数据为基础,揭示中国不同类型森林生态系统的降雨再分配及林冠层降雨截留特征,阐明森林生态系统林冠层截留特征与降雨、植被要素的关系。结果表明:我国不同森林生态系统年穿透雨量处于141.4-2450.0 mm之间,年穿透雨率为36.3%-92.3%。5种典型森林生态系统多年平均穿透雨量((445.3±252.9)-(1230.6±479.6) mm)占同期多年平均降雨量的(72.6±9.2)%-(77.4±8.9)%。不同森林生态系统年树干茎流量介于0-508.2 mm之间,占同期年降雨量的0-25.8%。5种典型森林生态系统树干茎流量多年平均值((9.8±17.3)-(87.8±81.6) mm)占同期多年平均降雨量的(1.4±1.9)%-(5.4±4.6)%。不同森林生态系统林冠层年降雨截留范围在25.7-812.9 mm之间,占年降雨量的4.2%-55.6%。5种典型森林生态系统多年平均林冠截留量((154.2±81.6)-(392.2±203.5) mm)占同期年平均降雨量的(18.7±7.4)%-(25.9±8.3)%。进一步分析表明,我国森林生态系统穿透雨量、树干茎流量和林冠层截留量随观测区年降雨量的增加而呈显著增大(P<0.05),年穿透雨率、年树干茎流率随年降雨量的增加呈显著线性上升趋势(P<0.05),而年林冠截留率与年降雨量呈显著的负相关关系(P<0.01),降雨量、叶面积指数是深刻影响森林生态系统林冠层降雨截留率等特征的重要因素。整体上,不同类型森林生态系统林冠截留降雨能力存在明显差异,林冠层截留率突出表现为:落叶林大于常绿林、针叶林大于阔叶林。