假单胞菌酶法转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸

采用微生物酶转化法制备L-半胱氨酸具有周期短、成本低、区域和立体选择性强、反应条件容易控制、环境友好等特点,与传统的毛发水解以及化学合成工艺相比显示出明显的优越性。本文从假单胞菌产酶条件和酶学性质、DL-ATC生物转化途径、固定化细胞转化工艺、基因工程菌的研究、以及L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的研究等5个方面介绍了国内外关于生物转化DL-2-氨基-Δ2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-ATC)合成L-半胱氨酸的研究进展。     

微生物发酵法生产L-丝氨酸及L-半胱氨酸研究进展

L-丝氨酸及L-半胱氨酸在食品、医药和化妆品等行业有着广泛的应用,在植物和微生物中两者从头合成的前体物均为3-磷酸甘油酸。微生物发酵生产这两种氨基酸以其社会、经济及环境效益展现出良好的前景。针对近年来微生物发酵法生产L-丝氨酸及L-半胱氨酸的研究成果,本文综述了当前国内外学者在该领域研究的热点,即代谢途径及其调节、相关氨基酸的转运及运输、菌种及菌株改造、新菌种的开发等。最后结合当前生物技术的新发展,对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

恶臭假单胞菌TS1138转化生产L-胱氨酸的工艺研究

对以DL-2-氨基-?2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-2-amino-?2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid, DL-ATC)为底物原料, 经微生物酶法催化合成L-半胱氨酸, 并进一步氧化和分离纯化产物L-胱氨酸的生产工艺和条件进行了研究。建立了以恶臭假单胞菌TS1138 (Pseudomonas putida TS1138)全细胞为酶源, 反复多次催化底物合成L-半胱氨酸, 并以2.0%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为氧化剂氧化生成L-胱氨酸, 进而通过001×7型阳离子交换树脂纯化胱氨酸的新工艺。采用高效液相色谱法考察该方法L-胱氨酸的总收率可以达到78.55%, 纯度为99.12%。该方法简单高效, 解决了酶稳定性差不能重复使用, 而固定化酶方法繁琐成本高的问题, 为我国L-半胱氨酸和L-胱氨酸的生产开辟一条新途径。     

假单胞菌生物合成L-半胱氨酸途径中脱巯基酶的研究

通过PCR方法扩增得到假单胞菌TS1138L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶基因（cd）,将其克隆至pBlueseript SKII载体,测定了含有L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶基因的1．2kbDNA片段序列,并与其它菌株的脱巯基酶基因进行了同源性比较;同时,将其克隆至表达载体pET-21a（＋）,IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经Ni-NTA柱亲合层析后,得到纯化的重组蛋白。利用脱巯基酶的活性染色方法对重组表达的L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶进行了鉴定,并探讨了L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶的酶学性质,以及在生物转化合成L-半胱氨酸途径中的关键作用。     

恶臭假单胞菌TS1138转化生产L-胱氨酸的工艺研究

对以DL-2-氨基-△2-噻唑啉-4-羧酸(DL-2-amino-△2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid,DL-ATC)为底物原料,经微生物酶法催化合成L-半胱氨酸,并进一步氧化和分离纯化产物L-胱氨酸的生产工艺和条件进行了研究.建立了以恶臭假单胞菌TS1138(Pseudomonas putida TS1138)全细胞为酶源,反复多次催化底物合成L-半胱氨酸,并以2.0%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为氧化剂氧化生成L-胱氨酸,进而通过001×7型阳离子交换树脂纯化胱氨酸的新工艺.采用高效液相色谱法考察该方法L-胱氨酸的总收率可以达到78.55%,纯度为99.12%.该方法简单高效,解决了酶稳定性差不能重复使用,而固定化酶方法繁琐成本高的问题,为我国L-半胱氨酸和L-胱氨酸的生产开辟一条新途径.     

酶法转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸的酶促反应条件研究

目的:考察酶源保存方式、酶促反应时间、底物pH值、底物浓度、酶浓度、金属离子等因素对酶活力的影响。方法:以假单胞菌(Pseudomonassp.)TS1138为供试菌株,采用酸式茚三酮法测定L-半胱氨酸含量,研究了酶法转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸的酶促反应条件。结果:TS1138菌株中L-半胱氨酸脱巯基酶具有较高的活性,而且Mg2 、Mn2 、Fe2 、Zn2 、Cu2 等5种金属离子对DL-ATC水解酶酶系有不同程度的抑制,其中Cu2 对该酶系的抑制作用很大。结论:确定了TS1138菌株酶法转化DL-ATC合成L-半胱氨酸的最适酶促反应条件,为酶促反应动力学的研究奠定了基础。     

硫化氢前体L-半胱氨酸对结肠动力的影响及机制

本文旨在研究硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide, H_2S)前体L-半胱氨酸对大鼠结肠动力的影响,以阐明其对结肠收缩的调节作用及机制。采用免疫组织化学染色和免疫印迹实验检测内源性H_2S合成酶胱硫醚-γ-裂解酶(cystathionine-γ-lyase, CSE)和胱硫醚-β-合成酶(cystathionine-β-synthase, CBS)在大鼠近端结肠的表达情况;采用生理记录仪检测结肠平滑肌收缩活动的变化;利用膜片钳实验检测结肠平滑肌细胞离子通道电流。结果显示,CBS和CSE在大鼠近端结肠黏膜层、平滑肌层及肌间神经丛均有表达;L-半胱氨酸以浓度依赖的方式抑制近端结肠纵行平滑肌收缩,H_2S合成酶抑制剂氨基氧乙酸(aminooxyacetateacid,AOAA)和炔丙基甘氨酸(propargylglycine, PAG)孵育纵行平滑肌后,L-半胱氨酸半最大效应浓度(concentration for 50%of maximal effect, EC50)相比对照组显著下降(P 0.05);而L-半胱氨酸对结肠环形肌收缩具有抑制和促进双重调节作用,AOAA和PAG预处理可阻断其对环形肌的兴奋作用;H_2S外源性供体Na HS在低浓度时促进平滑肌细胞L型钙通道开放(P 0.01),而在高浓度时抑制L型钙通道电流(ICa,L)(P 0.05);与Na HS不同,L-半胱氨酸浓度依赖性抑制ICa,L (P 0.01);Na HS抑制大电导钙激活钾电流(IBKCa),而L-半胱氨酸对IBKCa无明显作用。以上结果提示,L-半胱氨酸对大鼠结肠平滑肌收缩具有潜在双重调节作用,其中抑制作用由L型钙通道介导,而促进作用可能是由内源性生成的H_2S介导。     

电解还原法制备L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐

L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐被广泛地用于生物化学和营养学的研究以及组织培养基的制备。因为它的—SH基易被氧化因而被用作还原剂。在医药上可用作肝炎,肝中毒,锑剂中毒,放射性药物中毒等的解毒剂。五十年代末已有人用L-胱氨酸电解还原法制得L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐。我们根据本厂设备条件,建立了L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐的电解还原法制备工艺,并生产了纯度较高的L-半胱氨酸盐酸盐,现介绍如下: 一、原理     

L-半胱氨酸修饰碳纳米管的合成、表征及电化学性质

通过对碳纳米管氧化,合成了L-半胱氨酸修饰碳纳米管。运用红外、差热-热重分析、透射电镜对该复合物进行了表征。借助循环伏安法研究了其电化学性质。结果表明,碳纳米管的掺入极大地提高了L-半胱氨酸在金电极表面的电子传输速率和电流响应,同时也有利于L-半胱氨酸的电氧化,对L-半胱氨酸的氧化具有催化作用。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.