Sec-10 影响神经肌肉接头突触后敏感性的研究

exocyst复合物在分泌过程中起重要作用．可是分子机理尚未研究透彻．通过TMP/UV的基因敲除方法,得到了exocyst复合物中一种组分sec-10的缺陷型线虫．药学结果显示这种线虫神经信号传递存在缺陷,可是电生理的方法证明在神经肌肉接头处的已报道离子型受体和野生型相比并未发生改变．因此猜测,sec-10并未直接影响神经肌肉接头处的离子型受体,而是通过其他途径来行使功能．     

NMDA受体与中枢神经系统的发育

离子型谷氨酸受体分为NMDA型和非NMDA型两类,其中NMDA型受体与中枢神经系统发育关系密切。本文综述了NMDA受体的分子特性及NMDA受体五种亚单位NR1、NR2A、NR2B、NR2C和NR2D在动物出生后脑内的时空表达;NMDA受体亚单位在发育中的作用以及NMDA受体活性的胞内调节机制。     

固定化酶的微环境效应—载体离子基团性质的影响

作者合成了阴离子型和阳离子型葡聚糖,以此为载体,用CNBr活化其剩余羟基,固定化了葡萄糖淀粉酶和葡萄糖异构酶。就离子型载体对固定化酶的蛋白载量、最适pH和热稳定性等的影响做了考察。发现固定化酶的蛋白载量不仅与载体的电性质有关,也与酶分子自身的电性质有关。当载体电性质与酶蛋白电性质相反时,固定化酶的蛋白载量增加,热稳定性提高、载体电性质与酶蛋白电性质相同时,固定化酶的蛋白载量不变或下降,其热稳定性不变。作者还发现当离子型载体孔度和体系缓冲液浓度一定时,酶分子能否进入多孔性载体内部,对其最适pH是否变化影响极大。若酶分子仅被连接在载体的外表层,其最适pH不发生变化,反之亦然。作者还观察到当多糖类载体引入氨基或羧基后,大大增强了其抵抗微生物侵蚀的能力。     

代谢型谷氨酸受体在突触可塑性中的作用

突触可塑性是近几年神经科学研究的热点之一,因为它对于理解神经系统的学习、学习和记忆、多咱神经疾病等许多过程有着重要的意义。除了离子型谷氨酸受体外,代谢型谷氨酸受体也参与了一些脑区中不同形式的突触可塑性变化。本文就代谢型谷氨酸受体选择性激动剂和拮抗剂对长时程增强和长时程抑制的作用进行了综述,以助于人们进一步理解突触可塑性的细胞和分子机制。     

光敏蛋白菌紫质固相支撑人工膜系统的界面电荷

以固相支撑的菌紫质人工膜系统,在分子电子器件研究中占有重要地位。本文对其两种类型,Ｎ固相型和Ｃ固相型的界面电荷进行了研究,并提出了相关的模型。     

光敏蛋白菌紫质固相支撑人工膜系统的界面电荷

以固相支撑的菌紫质人工膜系统,在分子电子器件研究中占有重要地位。本文对其两种类型,Ｎ固相型Ｃ固相型的界面电荷进行了研究,并提出了相关的模型。     

Sec-10影响神经肌肉接头突触后敏感性的研究

exocyst复合物在分泌过程中起重要作用.可是分子机理尚未研究透彻.通过TMP/UV的基因敲除方法,得到了exocyst复合物中一种组分sec-10的缺陷犁线虫.药学结果显示这种线虫神经信号传递存在缺陷,可是电生理的方法证明在神经肌肉接头处的已报道离子型受体和野生型相比并未发生改变.因此猜测,sec-10并未直接影响神经肌肉接头处的离子型受体,而是通过其他途径来行使功能.     

啮齿类动物视觉电生理检测方法

作为合适的分子遗传操作哺乳动物模型，啮齿类动物凭借其多方面的优点，已被广泛应用于眼病的实验模型中。近年来在先前定性评估视觉方法的基础上，学者又提出了多种量化动物视觉的新方法。本文将探讨动物视觉电生理检测方法及其在啮齿类实验动物模型中的应用。     

基于Cytoscape下斑马鱼衰老基因-蛋白质的模块化分析

近20年来,斑马鱼逐渐成为研究人类基因功能的重要模型动物。同时,通过对斑马鱼参考基因组序列和10 000多个蛋白编码基因的鉴定,表明斑马鱼至少与人类基因有75%的同源性,进一步验证了斑马鱼基因组序列可以作为衰老的研究模型。此外,其良好保守的分子和细胞生理学的广泛特征使斑马鱼成为揭示衰老、疾病和修复的潜在机制的极好模型。但是斑马鱼衰老的分子机制很少发生分子间的相互作用,因此蛋白质-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络是非常可取的。本实验描述了斑马鱼这种生物衰老机制的模型,其涵盖了与衰老相关的87种蛋白质之间的767种相互作用。这不仅包含准确预测的PPI,还包含从文献收集以及实验所得的那些分子相互作用。同时,将这些分子相互作用模块化,形成模块化,找到11个中心基因,分析预测其衰老过程。希望能帮助研究斑马鱼的学者研究其衰老过程,提供一些假说和帮助。     

人β3肾上腺素受体激动剂快速筛选模型的建立

目的:β3肾上腺素受体 (beta-3 adrenergic receptor,ADRB3)是β肾上腺素受体的一个亚型,是一个公认的减肥药和抗2型糖尿病药物研发的重要分子靶点,构建其激动剂筛选模型具有重要意义.方法:以ADRB3发挥作用的细胞内信号通路为理论依据,在细胞水平上构建了以荧光素酶为报告基因的人ADRB3激动剂药物筛选模型,并对部分实验条件进行了快速简易优化.结果:已知的ADRB3激动剂异丙肾上腺素和倍他福林均能够有效激活该筛选模型中pCRE-luc报告基因质粒的表达,使其表达增加3倍以上.结论:该筛选模型构建成功.目前该模型已用于以ADRB3为靶点减肥新药筛选.     

Dynamical modeling of drug effect using hybrid systems

Drug discovery today is a complex, expensive, and time-consuming process with high attrition rate. A more systematic approach is needed to combine innovative approaches in order to lead to more effective and efficient drug development. This article provides systematic mathematical analysis and dynamical modeling of drug effect under gene regulatory network contexts. A hybrid systems model, which merges together discrete and continuous dynamics into a single dynamical model, is proposed to study dynamics of the underlying regulatory network under drug perturbations. The major goal is to understand how the system changes when perturbed by drugs and give suggestions for better therapeutic interventions. A realistic periodic drug intake scenario is considered, drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics information being taken into account in the proposed hybrid systems model. Simulations are performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK to corroborate the analytical results.     

Complex patterns of viral load decay under antiretroviral therapy: influence of pharmacokinetics and intracellular delay

We present a model of HIV dynamics under antiretroviral therapy that combines drug pharmacokinetics and intracellular delay. A two compartment pharmacokinetic model is employed to determine the time evolution of the intracellular concentrations of the active forms of drugs, and thereby drug efficacy. The viral replication period is divided into pre- and post-drug action parts, allowing for the introduction of an intracellular delay in drug action. The standard model of viral dynamics is modified to account for the drug dependence of intracellular delay and continuously varying drug efficacy. Model calculations reveal that viral load decay in HIV infected patients under monotherapy can exhibit remarkably complex patterns depending on the relative magnitudes of the pharmacokinetic, intracellular, and intrinsic viral dynamic time-scales. The commonly assumed exponential decay is only a special case. However, uncertainties in measurement and the low sampling frequencies employed in present clinical studies preclude the identification of these patterns from existing clinical viral load data.     

Generalized plasma skimming model for cells and drug carriers in the microvasculature

In microvascular transport, where both blood and drug carriers are involved, plasma skimming has a key role on changing hematocrit level and drug carrier concentration in capillary beds after continuous vessel bifurcation in the microvasculature. While there have been numerous studies on modeling the plasma skimming of blood, previous works lacked in consideration of its interaction with drug carriers. In this paper, a generalized plasma skimming model is suggested to predict the redistributions of both the cells and drug carriers at each bifurcation. In order to examine its applicability, this new model was applied on a single bifurcation system to predict the redistribution of red blood cells and drug carriers. Furthermore, this model was tested at microvascular network level under different plasma skimming conditions for predicting the concentration of drug carriers. Based on these results, the applicability of this generalized plasma skimming model is fully discussed and future works along with the model’s limitations are summarized.     

Biopartitioning micellar chromatography: an in vitro technique for predicting human drug absorption

The main oral drug absorption barriers are fluid cell membranes and generally drugs are absorbed by a passive diffusion mechanism. Biopartitioning micellar chromatography (BMC) is a mode of micellar liquid chromatography that uses micellar mobile phases of Brij35 under adequate experimental conditions and can be useful to mimic the drug partitioning process in biological systems. In this paper the usefulness of BMC for predicting oral drug absorption in humans is demonstrated. A hyperbolic model has been obtained using the retention data of a heterogeneous set of 74 compounds, which shows predictive ability for drugs absorbed by passive diffusion. The model obtained in BMC is compared with those obtained using the well-known systems (Caco-2 and TC-7) that use intestinal epithelium cell lines. The use of BMC is simple, reproducible and can provide key information about the transport properties of new compounds during the drug discovery process.     

Optimal controls for a model with pharmacokinetics maximizing bone marrow in cancer chemotherapy

A mathematical model for the depletion of bone marrow under cancer chemotherapy is analyzed as an optimal control problem. The control represents the drug dosage of a single chemotherapeutic agent and pharmacokinetic equations which model its plasma concentration are included. The drug dosages enter the objective linearly. It is shown that optimal controls are bang-bang, i.e. alternate the drug dosages at full dose with rest-periods in between, and that singular controls which correspond to treatment schedules with varying dosages at less than maximum rate are not optimal. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effect of the pharmacokinetic equations on the dosages.     

Modeling the Dynamics of Heterogeneity of Solid Tumors in Response to Chemotherapy

In this paper, we extend the model of the dynamics of drug resistance in a solid tumor that was introduced by Lorz et al. (Bull Math Biol 77:1–22, 2015). Similarly to the original, radially symmetric model, the quantities we follow depend on a phenotype variable that corresponds to the level of drug resistance. The original model is modified in three ways: (i) We consider a more general growth term that takes into account the sensitivity of resistance level to high drug dosage. (ii) We add a diffusion term in space for the cancer cells and adjust all diffusion terms (for the nutrients and for the drugs) so that the permeability of the resource and drug is limited by the cell concentration. (iii) We add a mutation term with a mutation kernel that corresponds to mutations that occur regularly or rarely. We study the dynamics of the emerging resistance of the cancer cells under continuous infusion and on–off infusion of cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs. While the original Lorz model has an asymptotic profile in which the cancer cells are either fully resistant or fully sensitive, our model allows the emergence of partial resistance levels. We show that increased drug concentrations are correlated with delayed relapse. However, when the cancer relapses, more resistant traits are selected. We further show that an on–off drug infusion also selects for more resistant traits when compared with a continuous drug infusion of identical total drug concentrations. Under certain conditions, our model predicts the emergence of a heterogeneous tumor in which cancer cells of different resistance levels coexist in different areas in space.     

Estimating drug shelf-life with random batches.

The problem of assessing the shelf-lives of drug products in the market is considered. We focus on the situation where the drug characteristic of interest has a linear relationship over time and batch-to-batch variation is present. Two methods for assessing shelf-lives are proposed based on the weighted least squares method under a regression model with random coefficients. An application to some stability data from the pharmaceutical industry is presented.     

Analytical study of three-compartment pharmacokinetic models: concentration,area under curves,mean residence time

The analytical expression for the drug concentration in each of the three compartments of a pharmacokinetics model, following any type of administration, is obtained from the transfer or elimination coefficients alone, without numerical approximation. Important applications of this result are the fitting of experimental data and the calculation of the areas under concentration curves or of the mean residence time of the drug in a given compartment or in the system as a whole.     

Drug recirculation model with multiple cycles occurring at unequal time intervals

A pharmacokinetic model for enterohepatic recycling has been developed to take into account multiple recirculations likely to occur at various times after intravenous or subcutaneous injection, after infusion, or after a single oral administration of a drug. The times when the gall bladder empties, the duration of infusion and the number of recirculations may be arbitrarily chosen (for simulations) or computed (for optimization) to express the concentration in the central compartment at any time. Without a new theoretical calculation, the area under the concentration curve may be obtained as a function of the model parameters. As an example, the model is applied to an experimental case of four recirculations after oral administration and to a new drug data fitting.     

Inference of dynamic biological networks based on responses to drug perturbations

Drugs that target specific proteins are a major paradigm in cancer research. In this article, we extend a modeling framework for drug sensitivity prediction and combination therapy design based on drug perturbation experiments. The recently proposed target inhibition map approach can infer stationary pathway models from drug perturbation experiments, but the method is limited to a steady-state snapshot of the underlying dynamical model. We consider the inverse problem of possible dynamic models that can generate the static target inhibition map model. From a deterministic viewpoint, we analyze the inference of Boolean networks that can generate the observed binarized sensitivities under different target inhibition scenarios. From a stochastic perspective, we investigate the generation of Markov chain models that satisfy the observed target inhibition sensitivities.