皂质芦荟的组织培养和植株再生

1　植物名称　皂质芦荟 (Ａｌｏｅｓａｐｏｎａｒｉａ)。2　材料类别　肉质叶尖。3　培养条件　基本培养基为ＭＳ。诱导不定芽培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 4ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ;(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 6 ＮＡＡ 0 5 ;(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 4 ＮＡＡ 0 2。诱导根培养基 :(4) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 8。以上培养基均加 3 %蔗糖 ,0 9%琼脂粉 ,ｐＨ 5 8。培养在 2 5～3 0℃的简易玻璃恒温培养箱内 ,自然光照。4　生长与分化情况　　从盆栽的生长旺盛 ,粗壮无病虫害的皂质芦荟植株新生肉质叶尖上切取 5ｃｍ置于尼龙袋中 ,用自来水冲洗 5ｍｉｎ后…     

黄山药丛生芽诱导与植株快速繁殖

采用黄山药的带芽茎段为外植体,试验了不同激素处理对芽诱导的影响,通过继代培养诱导丛生芽使大量增殖,经诱导生根和炼苗移栽而完成植株的快速繁殖再生。结果表明,MS 6-BA2.0mg/L NAA0.5-1.0mg/L为芽诱导的最适培养基,MS 6-BA1.0mg/L NAA0.5-1.0mg/L为继代增殖的最佳培养基,月增殖系数约为3倍,1/2MS 1BA0.5mg/L培养基诱导生根相对较好,诱导率为50%,组培苗经炼苗后,移栽成活率可达80%。     

木立芦荟的组织培养及快速繁殖

1　植物名称　木立芦荟 (Ａｌｏｅａｒｂｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｓｖａｒ .ｎａｔａｌｅｎｓｉｓ)。2　材料类别　具芽点的茎段。3　培养条件　芽诱导培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .2。不定芽增殖培养基 :( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 ＮＡＡ 0 .1 ;( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 4 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;( 5)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ 0 .1。生根培养基 :( 6)ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5;( 7) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5;( 8)ＭＳ。以上培养基均加 0 .7%琼脂、3%蔗糖 ,ｐＨ5.8。培养温度 2 2～2 7℃ ,光照 1 0～ 1 2…     

明日叶叶片的丛生芽诱导和植株高频再生

明日叶（Angelicake＆keiKoidzumi）是伞形花科当归属植物,具有很高的药用价值。为解决生产上短时间快速获得大量明日叶种苗的相关技术,以明日叶叶片为外植体进行组织培养实验,直接诱导产生丛生芽并且得到再生植株,建立了明日叶叶片离体再生快速繁殖体系。结果表明,诱导丛生芽分化的最适培养基是Ms＋1．0mg·L-1,2,4-D＋0．2mg·L～6-BA,诱导率可高达100％;诱导生根的最适培养基是Ms＋1．0mg·L-1NAA,诱导率可达90％,将生长良好的再生植株进行移栽,存活率可达86％。     

抗风桐的丛生芽诱导与再生

南海珊瑚岛礁自然植被由于人类干扰和环境变化出现了退化现象,急需进行植被恢复重建。抗风桐作为南海珊瑚岛礁的优势种,在防风固沙以及植被生态恢复等方面发挥着重要作用。该文以抗风桐带腋芽茎段为外植体,研究不同基本培养基、激素对其不定芽增殖和活性炭对生根、移栽的影响,以便建立其种苗快速繁殖和植株再生体系。结果表明:(1) MS基本培养基适合于丛生芽的诱导和增殖,最佳继代培养周期为60 d,最佳的不定芽增殖培养基为MS+2.0 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA,培养60 d后增殖倍数达5.52;(2)不定芽在MS+1.0 mg·L~(-1)IBA培养基中生根率为96.0%,在生根培养基中添加1.6 g·L~(-1)活性炭后其生根率下降至42.4%;(3)以添加活性炭生根培养获得的组培苗进行移栽成活率高达93.9%,而不添加活性炭生根培养的组培苗移栽成活率仅为78.3%。研究结果可为抗风桐种苗的离体快繁和珊瑚岛礁的植被恢复奠定技术基础。     

杂交鹅掌楸的不定芽诱导及植株再生

1　植物名称　杂交鹅掌楸 (Ｌｉｒｉｏｄｅｎｄｒｏｎｈｙｂｒｉｄ———Ｌ .ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅ×Ｌ .ｔｕｌｉｐｉｆｅｒａ)。2　材料类别　春季的萌动芽。3　培养条件　不定芽的诱导培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＫＴ 0 .5 ＩＢＡ 0 .2 Ｖｃ5 ;(2 )     

木锉芦荟愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生

1 植物名称木锉芦荟(Aloe humilis). 2 材料类别幼嫩叶片,带腋芽并已木质化的茎段(粗约1 cm). 3 培养条件愈伤组织诱导与分化培养基:(1)MS+KT 2.9～3.1 mg·L-1(单位下同)+IBA 1;(2)MS+KT 3+IBA 2;(3)MS+KT 2+IBA 2.腋芽萌生培养基:(4)MS+ZT 0.4～ 0.7+IBA 1.生根培养基:(5) 1/2MS+KT3+IBA 1.5～2;(6) 1/2MS+ZT 0.5+IBA 1.2～2.以上培养基均附加3%蔗糖,0.6%琼脂,pH 5.4～5.8,培养温度为 (25±2)℃,光照度 1 500～2 000 lx,光照12 h·d-1.     

红厚壳茎段丛生芽诱导与植株再生

红厚壳(Calophyllum inophyllum)为藤黄科红厚壳属多年生木本植物,有很高的药用价值。该研究以红厚壳带节茎段为外植体,探讨生长调节剂对腋芽萌发及丛生芽诱导、伸长和试管苗生根的影响。研究结果表明,外植体腋芽萌发和丛生芽诱导效果最好的培养基是MS+NAA1.0+TDZ0.5,在此条件下培养21天后,转入添加0.5 g·L–1活性炭且无生长调节剂的MS培养基,可有效促进不定芽的伸长。将带不定芽的外植体先在附加1.0 mg·L–1NAA的1/2MS培养基上进行生根诱导4周,之后转入附加1.0 g·L–1活性炭的无激素培养基进行根的伸长培养,这样的两步生根法能有效促进红厚壳生根。     

喜树不定芽的诱导及植株再生

1植物名称喜树(Camptotheca acuminate),别名旱莲木. 2材料类别一年生喜树带芽茎段. 3培养条件芽诱导培养基:(1)MS NAA 0.05mg·L-1(单位下同) 6-BA 1.0.芽增殖培养基:(2)MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 0.5;(3)MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 1.0;(4)MS NAA 0.1 6-BA 2.0;(5)MS NAA0.5 6-BA 0.5;(6)MS NAA 0.5 6-BA 1.0;(7)MS NAA 0.5 6-BA 2.0.壮苗培养基:(8)MS NAA 0.05 6-BA 0.1～0.5.生根培养基:(9)1/2MS NAA 0.1 IBA 1.0;(10)1/2MS NAA 0.5 IBA1.0;(11)1/2MS NAA 1.0 IBA 1.0.以上所有培养基均附加6.5 g·L-1琼脂、30 g·L-1蔗糖,pH值为5.9.培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照度为1000～2000lx,光照时间14 h·d-1.     

In vitro induction of multiple shoots and plant regeneration inVigna

Summary Cotyledonary nodes, excised cotyledons, and hypocotyl segments of six varieties ofVigna mungo andV. radiata have been tested for their morphogenic potential on media containing a range of hormonal combinations including benzyladenine, kinetin, thidiazuron (TDZ), and zeatin. Multiple shoots developed on cotyledonary node explants in all varieties tested on basal medium containing cytokinin. Presence of both the cotyledons, either full or half, resulted in a maximum number of shoots produced. Shoot bud regeneration was achieved via meristem formation on excised cotyledons on Murashige-skoog basal medium with B₅ vitamins supplemented with TDZ. Mature plants had normal phenotypes.V. mungo var. PS1 andV. radiata var. Pusa 105 were found to be the most responsive varieties for shoot regneration. The histology ofin vitro organogenesis was studied.     

紫茉莉不定芽诱导和植株再生

紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa)观赏价值较高,是一种重要的污染修复植物.组织培养技术为植物品种改良和选育的重要途径,但紫茉莉离体快繁方面的研究尚未见有相关报道.该研究以紫茉莉叶片和茎段为外植体,通过观察和统计外植体愈伤组织和不定芽的诱导情况,分析不同植物生长物质对紫茉莉植株再生的影响.结果表明:紫茉莉带芽茎段比较适合丛生芽的诱导,当带芽茎段在MS+1.0 mg·L-16-BA+1.5 mg·L-1 KT+1.0 mg·L-1 NAA+0.05 mg·L-1 TDZ培养基中培养时,不定芽的增殖系数较高.无论是MS或1/2MS培养基,都可诱导不定根的产生,其中生根效果较好的培养基为1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L-1 NAA.该研究结果探索了紫茉莉组织培养的最适条件,根据愈伤组织诱导率和不定芽的增殖系数筛选出了适宜不定芽诱导的培养基类型,根据不定芽生根情况确定了最佳的生根诱导培养基,为建立紫茉莉高效稳定的再生和遗传转化体系奠定了基础.     

In vitro plant regeneration, secondary metabolite production and antioxidant activity of micropropagated Aloe arborescens Mill

Aloe species are highly-prized for their ornamental value and have been utilized for centuries in traditional medicine. Due to their habitat loss and exploitation for medicinal and ornamental plant trade, many species in this genus have become threatened. One of the most important globally rated medicinal species in Aloe genus is A. arborescens. The current study evaluated the roles of different aromatic cytokinin types and concentrations on direct organogenesis, in vitro bioactive secondary metabolite production and antioxidant activity of regenerated shoots of A. arborescens. There was an increase in the number of adventitious shoots produced per explant with an increase in concentration in cultures treated with meta-topolin (mT), meta-topolin riboside (mTR), meta-methoxytopolin (MemT) and benzyladenine riboside (BAR), reaching an optimum at either 5.0 or 7.5???M. Overall, the treatment with 5.0???M mT gave the largest number of transplantable shoots (regenerated shoots with length greater than 10?mm). Rooted shoots were successfully acclimatized after 8?weeks with a survival frequency above 90?% and no observable morphological abnormalities. Variable amounts of total iridoids, phenolics, flavonoids and condensed tannins were detected in regenerated shoots from all the cytokinin treatments. An increased free-radical scavenging activity with an increase in concentration was recorded in regenerated shoots from mT and mTR treatments, reaching an optimum at 7.5???M concentration. The present study shows that the choice of cytokinin type and concentration exogenously supplied during tissue culture markedly influences not only shoot proliferation but also the in vitro production of bioactive secondary metabolites.     

Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in leaves of Aloe arborescens mill

In the succulent leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill diurnal oscillations of the malic acid content, being indicative of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), were exhibited only by the green mesophyll. In contrast, the malic acid level of the central chloroplast-free water-storing tissue remained constant throughout the day-night cycle. Apart from malate, the green tissue contained high amounts of isocitrat which was lacking in the water tissue. There was no significant transfer from the green mesophyll to the water tissue of ¹⁴C fixed originally via dark ¹⁴CO₂ fixation in the mesophyll. Both isolated mesophyll and water tissue were capable of dark CO₂ fixation yielding mainly malate as the first stable product. Both tissues have phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. However, the enzymes derived from the both sources could be distinguished by their molecular weights and by their kinetic properties, suggesting different phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase proteins. The conclusion drawn from the experiments is that in a. arborescens the CAM cycle proceeds exclusively in the green mesophyll and that the water tissue, though capable of malate synthesis via -carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate, behaves as an independent metabolic system where CAM is lacking. This view is supported by the finding that the cell walls bordering the green mesophyll from the water tissue lack plasmodesmata, hence conveniant pathways of metabolite transport.Abbreviations CAM Crassulacean acid metabolism - PEP phosphoenolpyruvate - PEP-C phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase     

In vitro induction of multiple shoots and plant regeneration in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Induction of multiple shoots in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Anjali-LRK 516) has been achieved with cotyledonary nodes devoid of cotyledons and apical meristems. Explants from 35-day-old seedlings yielded the maximum number of shoots (4.7 shoots/explant) using Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine and kinetin (2.5 mg/1 each). Explants from 35-day-old seedlings raised in glass bottles produced a higher number of multiple shoots (8.3 shoots/explant) than those grown in glass tubes and cultured on the same shoot induction medium. Elongation of multiple shoots was obtained on liquid or agar MS basal medium without phytohormones. In vitro shoots were rooted on half-strength agar-solidified MS basal medium or with 0.05 or 0.1 mg/1 naphthaleneacetic acid. Hardening and survival of tissue culture plantlets was 95% under greenhouse conditions.Abbreviations BAP 6-Benzylaminopurine - GA₃ Gibberellic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog medium - NAA -Napthaleneacetic acid     

Adventitious shoot regeneration from leaf explants of almond (Prunus dulcis mill.)

Summary A method has been developed to facilitate shoot formation from leaf explants of almond. Leaves were dissected from micropropagated shoot cultures of the commercial cultivars Nonpareil and Ne Plus Ultra, and sections incubated on Almehdi and Parfitt's (1986) basal medium (AP) with varied plant growth-regulator conditions. Three auxins, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in combination with two cytokinins, benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), were tested at various concentrations along with casein hydrolysate (CH) to determine, the conditions most conducive to adventitious shoot regeneration. Response to the tested plant growth-regulator conditions varied with genotype. Of the three auxins tested, NAA and IBA induced adventitious shoots from Ne Plus Ultra explants, but only IBA was effective for Nonpareil. For the cytokinins, shoot development from Ne Plus Ultra occurred in the presence of either BA or TDZ, whereas for Nonpareil only TDZ was effective unless CH was incorporated in the basal medium. The inclusion of CH (0.1% w/v) improved callus morphology, and increased regeneration frequencies for both cultivars. Maximum regeneration frequencies for Ne Plus Ultra (44.4%) and Nonpareil (5.5%) were achieved on AP basal salts supplemented with CH, IBA (9.8 μM), and TDZ at 22.7 and 6.8 μM, respectively.     

木立芦荟叶内维管束发育过程的研究

采用半薄切片和组织化学方法研究了木立芦荟（Aloe arhorescetzs）叶内维管束的发育过程,并着重于维管束鞘细胞和芦荟素细胞的来源及组织类型。结果表明：维管束由原形成层发育而来,但在分化原生韧皮部筛管时,其外侧仍保留一层原形成层细胞,以后分裂、增大成为特殊的大型薄壁细胞（芦荟素细胞）,芦荟索细胞啦属于韧皮部的一部分。而维管束鞘细胞则来源于基本分生组织,属于基本组织的范畴,与维管束不同源。     

木立芦荟组织培养pH分化特性及快速繁殖的研究

以木立芦荟的叶片、叶鞘、带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行试管培养 ,结果叶鞘和茎段可诱导形成愈伤组织 ,腋芽直接萌生。经试验筛选出各培养阶段最适宜的培养基为 :( 1 )愈伤组织诱导 ,MS BA 2 .5mg/L NAA0 .1 5mg/L ;( 2 )腋芽萌生 ,MS BA 2 .0mg/L NAA 0 .1 5mg/L ;( 3 )丛生芽分化及继代 ,MS BA 2 .0mg/L NAA0 .1 0mg/L ;( 4)生根 ,MS BA 0 .3～ 0 .5mg/L IBA 0 .2mg/L 活性碳 0 .5%。研究还发现 ,培养基酸碱度对木立芦荟组织培养分化效果的影响非常显著。     

Callus induction and plant regeneration from gladiolus

A method for the initiation of callus capable of plant regeneration from in vivo grown cormels of gladiolus (Gladiolus x grandiflorus Hort.) is described. Sliced cormels of the large-flowering hybrid, Peter Pears were cultured in vitro on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with various auxins. Yellow callus, which was either friable or compact, could be induced on all media tested. Callus induced on media with naphthaleneacetic acid failed to proliferate. Callus induced on media with 9 mM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid showed the best growth. Addition of micro-elements and vitamins increased the induction and growth of callus capable of plant regeneration. Explants taken from the middle part of the cormels had the highest competence for callus initiation. Callus was induced on several gladiolus hybrids and the South African species G. garnierii Klatt. Callus induction was genotype dependent and among the cultivars tested, Peter Pears and White Prosperity were superior with respect to callus production on the media with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or picloram. Plants were regenerated from yellow compact callus of all genotypes on media containing zeatin and benzyladenine in various concentrations.Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - MS Murashige and Skoog basal salt and vitamins (1962) - CI callus induction medium - NAA -naphthaleneacetic acid - BA 6-benzyladenine - picloram 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid - zeatin 6-[4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enylamino]purine     

Hairy root induction and plant regeneration of medicinal plant Dracocephalum kotschyi

An efficient hairy root induction system for an important endangered medicinal plant, Dracocephalum kotschyi, was developed through Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation by modifying the co-cultivation medium using five bacterial strains, A4, ATCC15834, LBA9402, MSU440, and A13 (MAFF-02-10266). A drastic increase in transformation frequency was observed when a Murashige and Skoog medium lacking NH₄NO₃ KH₂PO_4, KNO₃ and CaCl₂ was used, resulting in hairy root induction frequencies of 52.3 %, 69.6 %, 48.6 %, 89.0 %, and 80.0 % by A4, A13, LBA9402, MSU440, and ATCC15834 strains, respectively. For shoot induction, hairy roots and unorganized tumors induced by strain ATCC15834 were placed on an MS media supplemented with 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l BA plus 0.1 mg/l NAA. The high frequency of shoot regeneration and number of shoot were obtained in the medium containing 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l NAA. Root induction occurred from the base of regenerated shoots on the MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l IBA after 10 days.