血管紧张素Ⅱ对培养心肌细胞c-fos表达和蛋白质合成的作用

本实验在培养新生大鼠心肌细胞上,探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ对心肌细胞ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ表达和蛋白质合成的影响。结果显示,血管紧张素Ⅱ能诱导ｃ－ｆｏｓ ｍＲＮＡ的表达,增加蛋白质含量,并呈量－效关系,还能加速＾３Ｈ－亮氨酸的掺入速度。上述这些作用可血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗ｓａｒａｌａｓｉｎ所阻断,提示这些作用是受体介导的。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ和阿片肽对Fos蛋白表达的影响

利用抗体免疫沉淀技术研究了血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ),δ受体激动剂(DPDPE)和к受体激动剂(NDAP)对大鼠脑组织c-fos原癌基因表达的影响.结果表明,0.1μmol/LAⅡ可显著刺激脑组织中Fos蛋白的表达,0.1μmol/L DPDPE和0.1μmol/L NDAP对Fos蛋白的表达亦有一定的诱导作用.AⅡ与DPDPE或NDAP共同处理组织,Fos蛋白表达水平低于AⅡ单独诱导的水平.结果表明阿片肽可抑制AⅡ对Fos蛋白表达的作用.     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对缺血心肌细胞钾离子通道的作用

实验用胶原酶酶解法急性分离豚鼠心室肌细胞,利用全细胞膜片钳的方法记录心室肌细胞的延迟整流钾电流(Ik）、内向整流钾电流（Ik1）和ATP敏感钾电流（IKATP）。采用低氧、无糖、高乳酸和酸中毒综合方式模拟缺血灌流,造成细胞的模拟缺血,并在缺血的基础上继续用含100nmol/L AngⅡ灌流细胞,观察Ang Ⅱ对模拟缺血心室肌细胞钾离子通道的影响。实验结果显示：（1）模拟缺血时,Ik明显减小;Ang Ⅱ能进一步抑制Ik。（2）模拟缺血条件下,Ik1受到抑制,并且以内向电流的抑制为主;Ang Ⅱ可加强对Ik1内向电流的抑制,而对部分外向电流则有增加的作用。（3）模拟缺血使IKATP外向电流略有增加;Ang Ⅱ则明显加强IKATP外向电流,此效应能被优降糖所阻断。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导培养的成年大鼠心肌细胞凋亡

研究血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导培养的成年大鼠心肌细胞(adult rat ventricular myocytes,ARVMs)凋亡.酶灌流消化法分离培养ARVMs,不同处理后,光镜观察形态改变,琼脂糖凝胶电泳定性分析DNA降解程度.结果发现培养的ARVMs经AngⅡ10μmol/L处理48 h后,大部分细胞变圆,胞浆浓缩;电泳显示核酸断裂片段"梯形"结构,上述改变在72 h更为明显.上述作用可被氯沙坦、维拉帕米和staurosporine所取消.这表明AngⅡ由AT1受体介导诱导培养的ARVMs凋亡,细胞内钙升高和PKC激活起重要作用.     

L-型钙电流在血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导新生大鼠心肌细胞肥大中的作用

目的:探讨血管紧张素II(Ang II)诱导的新生大鼠肥大心肌细胞中L-型钙电流的功能在分子水平改变。方法:在血管紧张素II诱导的新生大鼠肥大心肌细胞中,应用全细胞膜片钳技术检测L-型钙电流的密度及门控动力学变化;应用半定量RT-PCR技术检测L-型Ca2+通道α1C亚单位mRNA的表达量。结果:Ang II在引起新生大鼠心肌肥大的同时,也增加了心肌细胞ICa,L电流密度,但并不影响ICa,L电流的激活、失活和复活特征。另外,Ang II还增加了L-型Ca2+通道α1C亚单位mRNA表达量。Ang II的这些作用都可被其1型受体阻断剂losartan所抑制。结论:在Ang II诱导的新生大鼠肥大心肌中,L-型Ca2+通道的功能在分子水平发生了显著变化,这些变化是通过激活心肌细胞上Ang II 1型受体所介导的。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对肾上腺糖皮质激素分泌的影响

本工作观察了血管紧张素Ⅱ（ＡⅡ）对豚鼠和狗的肾上组织皮质醇分泌量的影响。结果表明,当ＡⅡ浓度≥１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时孵育液中皮质醇含量显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０１）,并且具有较明显的量效关系和时效关系。ＡⅡ以及促肾上腺皮质激素（ＡＣＴＨ）与肾上腺组织或细胞一同孵育时,皮质醇的分泌量明显高于ＡⅡ和ＡＣＴＨ单独存在时的分泌量（Ｐ〈０．０５）。孵育液内游离钙减少时ＡⅡ促皮质醇分泌的作用有所降低（Ｐ〈０．０５）     

血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导左心室原癌基因c—fos和c—myc的表达

本实验用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ心脏灌流装置,探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ对左心室原癌基因ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达的作用。观察到血管紧张素Ⅱ能诱导左心室ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达,ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达早于ｃ－ｍｙｃ表达,并呈量－效关系。这种作用可被血管紧张素Ⅱ受体抗剂ｓａｒａｌａｓｉｎ所阻断。这些结果提示血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的ｃ－ｆｏｓ和ｃ－ｍｙｃ的表达是受体介导的。ＴＴＳ完全阻断血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的ｃ－ｆｏｓ表达。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠心肌细胞Ca2+信号的影响

目的:在培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞上,观察AngⅡ对Ca2 信号的影响,探讨其时间和空间形式.方法:以Fluo-4/AM荧光指示剂负载培养的心肌细胞,应用激光共聚焦扫描显微镜观察其变化.结果:在激光共聚焦显微镜下,观察到不论静息或受AngⅡ刺激的心肌细胞,均可见钙波在细胞内及相连的另一细胞间彼此传播的现象.正常心肌细胞内核的荧光强度高于核周与细胞浆,且存在小幅度的钙震荡,AngⅡ(10-6 mol/L)引起心肌细胞的核Ca2 和胞浆Ca2 荧光强度升高的同时,其钙震荡幅度明显升高,外源性一氧化氮(NO)供体硝普钠(10-5mol/L)使钙的周期性震荡消失,荧光强度降低.同时还观察到加入AngⅡ(10-6 mol/L)后在部分心肌细胞膜上的不同部位,出现不能传播的钙闪烁团,在此基础上再加入硝普钠(10-5mol/L),不能取消AngⅡ所致的钙闪烁现象.结论:心肌细胞受AngⅡ刺激,可产生多种钙信号形式如钙闪烁、钙波、钙震荡以及瞬时性钙增高,可能在介导细胞功能的调节中起重要作用.     

一氧化氮在血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导心肌细胞肥大中的作用

在培养新生大鼠心肌细胞上,探讨一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的心肌细胞以大中的作用。结果显示,血管紧张素Ⅱ可使心肌细胞蛋白质含量显著增加,心肌细胞一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）活性和培养液ＮＯ浓度明显降低。血管紧张素Ⅱ可明显降低心肌细胞ｅＮＯＳｍＲＮＡ水平。Ｓａｒａｌｓｉｎ和百日咳毒素（ＰＴＸ）可抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的蛋白质含量增加、心肌细胞ＮＯＳ活性减弱和培养液ＮＯ浓度降低。硝普钠提高心肌细胞培养     

血管紧张素Ⅱ对大鼠下丘脑内血管升压素基因转录的影响

实验在雄性ＳＤ大鼠中进行,用核酸斑点杂交技术观察下丘脑组织中血管升压素（ＡＶＰ）基因转录水平变化,用异羟基洋地黄毒甙（ＧＩＧ）标记的２６个碱基长寡聚核苷酸作为检测探针。实验中观察到,用渗透压微泵向大鼠侧脑人连续注射微量血管紧张素Ⅰ（０．２ｎｍｏｌ／ｈ）２ｄ后,可引起动物饮水量显著增加,下丘脑组织中ＡＶＰ基因转录水平高,但无统计学显著意义。将实验动物日饮水量限制在与对照动物相同的每日饮水量之后,侧脑     

THE EFFECT OF pH ON GROWTH, PROTEIN SYNTHESIS, AND LIPID-RICH PARTICLES OF CULTURED MAMMALIAN CELLS

A simple procedure has been established for controlling and measuring the pH of media in which the bicarbonate-carbonic acid system is the predominant buffer. The HCO^-₃ concentration was maintained at 22.5 mM and the H₂CO₃ concentration was varied by equilibrating the media with 0.5 to 40 per cent CO₂ in air. The curve relating extracellular pH to 3 day cell growth was similar for glass-attached HeLa and Chang liver cells. Maximum growth occurred over a pH range of 7.38 to 7.87. Cell growth declined precipitously on the alkaline side and more gradually on the acid side of the optimal pH range. Comparable pH growth curves were also obtained with newly isolated cells from rat liver and skeletal muscle. It was shown that the effect of pH on growth was independent of the CO₂ concentration and that the essential nutrients in the medium were stable over the pH range studied. Although alkalosis depressed the 3 day cell population, cells exposed to a pH of 8.0 to 8.2 grew at the maximal rate for the first 12 to 24 hours. Growth then ceased abruptly and the cells entered a steady state with respect to net protein synthesis. This was followed by cytoplasmic retraction and cell death. Increasing the concentrations of calcium or magnesium in the medium failed to prevent the effects of alkalosis. Moreover, the increase in CO^-₃ concentration of the media and the concomitant decrease in Ca⁺⁺ ion concentration that occur at high pH were eliminated as determining factors in the growth failure and death. While acidosis had a less pronounced effect on the 3 day cell population, its effect on the growth rate was immediate. The increase in cell generation time was proportional to the H⁺ ion concentration. In each of the cell lines studied, acidosis was accompanied by a striking increase in the number of cytoplasmic perinuclear granules. These granules which stain supravitally with Janus green are extracted from fixed cells with lipid solvents. They maintain their identity in cell homogenates and may be isolated from the other subcellular structures by differential centrifugation; at 100,000 g they form a distinct layer at the top of the supernatant fraction. On the basis of their physical and chemical properties, these granules have been called lipid-rich particles. The accumulation of lipid-rich particles in acidosis was independent of the growth rate and the CO₂ concentration.     

EFFECT OF PENTOBARBITAL ON MITOCHONDRIAL SYNTHESIS IN CULTURED GLIAL CELLS

Abstract— Primary cultures of glial cells prepared from brains of newborn rats were grown for 1 week and then exposed to 5 × 10⁻⁴ m -pentobarbital (PB) for 4 weeks. Compared with glial cells grown in drug-free medium throughout, exposure to PB significantly increased hexokinase activity, primarily in its mitochondrial form. Furthermore, cellular protein and RNA concentrations were significantly higher in barbiturate-cultivated than in control cells. Pulse labelling with [³H]thymidine after 4 weeks of PB exposure resulted in a significant increase (332%) in ³H incorporation into mitochondrial DNA while ³H incorporation into nuclear DNA was reduced by 58%. In addition, there was a time dependent increase in the size and number of mitochondria as determined in electron micrographs. These results are interpreted to reflect an increased mitochondrial metabolism in glial cells after chronic exposure to the barbiturate and may constitute a compensatory mechanism to the depressant action of this drug.     

缺氧缺糖后再给氧给糖对培养心肌细胞膜糖蛋白变化的影响

本实验应用凝集素伴刀豆球蛋白Ａ（ＣｏｎｃａｎａｖａｌｉｎＡ,ＣｏｎＡ）为探针,以能量制剂ＭｇＡＴＰ、氧自由基清除剂ＳＯＤ及钙阻滞剂异搏定作用于体外缺氧缺糖培养后再给氧给糖,观察对大鼠乳鼠培养心肌细胞的影响。发现心肌细胞膜、肌质网膜、线粒体膜等生物膜上存在ＣｏｎＡ受体;缺氧缺糖后再给氧给糖组心肌细胞生物膜上致密阳性产物减少,而用药组不减少,与正常组相近,对照组则无这种阳性产物。提示,尽管这种变化机制尚不大清楚,但与糖蛋白合成、加工、运输和分泌的细胞的结构和功能变化有关。表明本实验用药对缺氧缺糖后再给氧给糖的心肌细胞损伤有良好的保护作用     

左旋十八甲基炔诺酮对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞和垂体细胞激素合成及分泌的影响

研究了左旋十八甲基炔诺酮对大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞和垂体细胞激素合成及分泌的直接作用。结果显示左旋十八甲基炔诺酮单独作用于无血清培养的颗粒细胞时,抑制雌二醇的合成,但刺激孕酮的分泌;在与促卵泡素合并处理时,颗粒细胞雌二醇、孕酮的分泌量随着左旋十八甲基炔诺酮浓度的增加而增加。利用促性腺激素生物测定方法证明大鼠整体用左旋十八甲基炔诺酮处理后,垂体中促卵泡素和促黄体生成素活性明显下降;同时外周血清中促卵泡素的活性亦下降。培养的垂体单纯用左旋十八甲基炔诺酮处理后,其培养液经生物测定呈现抑制颗粒细胞雌二醇和孕酮的分泌,促性腺激素释放激素可减弱左旋十八甲基炔诺酮的抑制作用。提示左旋十八甲基炔诺酮除通过垂体卵巢轴系起作用外,还能直接作用于卵巢。     

冷损伤对培养的血管内皮细胞合成因子Ⅷ相关抗原的影响

本实验用流式细胞术测定了冷损伤对体外培养的大鼠主动脉血管内皮细胞(VEC)合成因子Ⅷ相关抗原(ⅧR:Ag)的影响。结果表明,冷损伤后的大鼠VEC平均荧光强度增强,说明冷损伤可明显影响VEC合成ⅧR:Ag的功能,这在冷损伤的病理过程中具有重要作用。     

THE EFFECT OF ETHIDIUM BROMIDE ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA SYNTHESIS AND MITOCHONDRIAL DNA STRUCTURE IN HELA CELLS

The synthesis of mitochondrial DNA (mDNA) in HeLa cells is selectively inhibited by relatively low concentrations of ethidium bromide. After exposure of cells to strongly inhibitory concentrations of the drug, the apparent superhelix density of mDNA is rapidly increased, as judged by its buoyant density in CsCl in the presence of ethidium bromide. Mitochondrial DNA synthesized in the presence of partially inhibitory concentrations of ethidium bromide is also altered in its buoyant density in the presence of the dye, but is more heterogeneous in this respect. However, the change in buoyant density of newly synthesized mDNA may be explained by changes in structure other than a change in superhelix density, as indicated by its increased resistance to digestion by pancreatic DNase.     

Ang-I(2-10)对大鼠急性心肌梗死后VEGF和bFGF表达及血管形成的影响

目的　观察血管紧张素Ⅰ (2 10 )对大鼠急性心肌梗死后 ,心肌细胞血管内皮细胞生长因子 (VEGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)表达和梗死区血管新生的作用。方法　选雄性大白鼠 45只 ,随机分为实验组、对照组和假手术组。实验组和对照组结扎左冠状动脉 45分钟后再灌注制成非透壁性心肌梗死模型。实验组给予血管紧张素Ⅰ (2 10 ) 5 0 pmol/kg·d ,而对照组和假手术组给予等量的蒸馏水 ,第 15天处死。免疫组织化学染色 ,光镜观察和图像分析处理 ,使用SPSS 10统计分析 3组数据。结果　实验组大鼠心肌细胞内bFGF和VEGF均比对照组表达明显增强 ,图像分析结果其灰度值下降 (为 81 2 4± 0 79比 90 2 9± 0 2 6 ;79 31± 0 72比 89 5 2± 0 5 6 ,P <0 0 0 1) ,微血管密度也明显增多(2 8 2 2± 1 0 1比 2 0 33± 0 83,P <0 0 0 1)。结论　血管紧张素Ⅰ (2 10 )可增强急性心肌梗死后心肌细胞表达VEGF和bFGF ,促进缺血区血管新生 ,发挥保护心肌的缺血性损伤作用。     

米非司酮对离体大鼠垂体细胞促黄体激素分泌的影响及其机制

本实验应用垂体细胞体外培养模型,观察了米非司酮（MP）对GnRH,高浓度细胞外K^ ([K^]e)和蛋白激素C激活剂PMA诱导的LH分泌的影响,结果证实MP可以剂理和时间依赖方式抑制GRH诱导的LH分泌,并可拮抗P 调节GnRH诱导的LH分泌效应,同时发现10^-7mol/L MP短时间处理4h能抑mmol/LKCl和10^-8mol/LMA诱导的LH分泌,而10^-7mol/LP短时间处理则起促进作用,当处理时间延长为52h时,P对60mmol/LCl和10^-8mol/LPMA诱导的LH分泌无明显作用,P也仅对60mmol/LKCl刺激的LH分泌起抑制作用,但不影响10^-8mol/L PMA诱导的LH分泌,当P和MP同时处理时,则MP可逆转P对高[K^ ]e和PMA诱导的LH分泌的调节作用,表明MP影响GnRH诱导的LH分泌的机制可能与MP影响电压依赖性钙离子通道和PKC的活性有关。     

组胺对培养新生大鼠心肌细胞自发性搏动及动作电位的影响

以培养大鼠乳鼠心肌细胞为模型,观察组胺对培养心肌细胞自发性搏动频率及动作电位的影响。结果表明：组胺０．１－１０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ可以引起剂量依赖性的心肌细胞搏动频率的增快,而且这种效应呈时间依赖性。组胺１０ｕｍｏｌ／Ｌ可以使心肌细胞动作电位的幅度（ＡＰＡ）,最大上升速率（Ｖｍａｘ）及超射（ＯＳ）明显增加,动作电位持续时间（ＡＰＤ５０和ＡＰＤ９０）明显延长,窦性周长（ＳＣＬ）明显缩短。以上结果提示,组胺致