Population cytogenetics of the genus Caledia (Orthoptera: Acridinae)

The acridine grasshopper, Caledia captiva exists as two chromosomal races in south-east Queensland. One of these, the Moreton race inhabits the coastal region to the east of the Great Dividing Range. All chromosomes of the complement (2n=11II+XO/XX) have been involved in centromeric rearrangement, which transforms the acro- and telocentric chromosomes into submeta- and metacentric elements. The second, or Torresian race is widely distributed through southern Papua, Arnhem Land, Cape York Peninsula and down the east coast of Australia as far south as Brisbane. This race, which is characterised by a completely acro- and telocentric chromosome complement, approaches the Moreton race in south-east Queensland where the two races are separated by less than 1 km, along a front of at least 150 km. Evidence is presented to show that chromosome introgression is occurring across the contact zone and this takes place in one direction only, namely the Torresian chromosomes are infiltrating into the Moreton race but not reciprocally. Furthermore, the introgression of chromosomes across the zone is limited to certain members of the Torresian complement and even then these successful chromosomes show highly variable degrees of penetrance into the Moreton race. It is proposed that a tension zone exists between these two races which is maintained by the interaction of (a) ecological tolerance differences on either side of the zone and (b) by partial competitive exclusion due to the interracial differences in phenology. This case of parapatric association with limited hybridisation is unique in its clarity due to the marked differences in the appearance of the chromosome complements of these races which permits direct assessment of the behaviour of most members of the genome in hybrids and their derivatives.     

C-heterochromatin variation in the genus Eumigus (Orthoptera: Pamphagoidea)

Eumigus punctatus, E. monticulus and E. cucullatus all have 2n=19 and similar chromosome morphology, all the elements being telocentric. In E. cucullatus there are C-bands in all chromosomes, but not in E. monticulus. The possible origins of these differences and their cytotaxonomic significance are discussed.     

The adaptive role of facultative embryonic diapause in the grasshopper Caledia captiva (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in southeastern Australia

In a temperate zone population of the grasshopper Caledia captiva (Fabnerus) (Orthoptera Acrididae), facultative embryonic diapause provided the basis for a number of aspects of life cycle flexibility Most offspring produced during the summer entered diapause, destined to overwinter as embryos and hatch in the spring, but a small percentage developed directly to hatching, overwintered as nymphs and reproduced in the spring The two different developmental pathways often occurred among the offspring of the same mother, and could represent a bet-hedging adaptation Offspring of the small overwintering generation were influenced by a maternal effect which greatly diminished their likelihood of entering diapause This is an adaptation to prevent an inappropriate developmental delay that would negate the fitness advantage of an extra generation Offspring produced in the autumn failed to develop to the stage at which diapause intervenes before winter and overwintered at a pre-diapause stage They did not enter diapause when development resumed in the spring Facultative diapause in this case also prevented an inappropriate developmental delay in the spring, and provided females with the option of reproducing toward the end of the growing season Life cycle flexibility appears to have evolved to exploit a climate with a short growing season but mild winter     

Taxonomic revision of the genus Phryganogryllacris (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae) from China

A taxonomic revision of the genus Phryganogryllacris Karny, 1937 is provided. Twelve species of the genus from China are recorded, including 5 species described as new to science, namely P. sichuanensis Li, Liu Li, sp. nov., P. parva Li, Liu Li, sp. nov., P. truncata Li, Liu Li, sp. nov., P. interrupta Li, Liu Li, sp. nov. and P. longicerca Li, Liu Li, sp. nov. Two new combinations are also reported here, P. gialai(Gorochov, 2004)(Vietnam) comb. nov. and P. alia(Gorochov, 2004)(Vietnam) comb. nov. A key to Chinese species of the genus was provided.     

中国驼背蚱属的订正(直翅目：枝背蚱科)

记述了驼背蚱属已知种共7种, 其中有2新种: 圆肩驼背蚱Gibbotettix circinihumerus sp.nov., 壶瓶山驼背蚱Gibbotettix hupingshanensis sp.nov.,并有1新组合: 冠驼背蚱Gibbotettix cristata(Liang,1995),comb. Nov.。模式标本分别保存在中国科学院动物研究所及湖南师范大学生命科学学院标本室。     

A new genus of Decticinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from the Middle East

A new genus, Raggeana, is erected for Metrioptera bodenheimeri Uvarov, and the hitherto unknown female of this species is described.     

Two new species of the genus Eotmethis from China (Orthoptera: Acridioidea: Pamphagidae)

Two new species of the genus Eotmethis Bey-Bienko, 1948 are described in this paper, namely E. daqingshanensis sp. nov. and E. gansuensis sp. nov. from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Gansu Province, respectively. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China.     

中国柯蚱属分类研究(直翅目: 蚱科)

整理记述分布于我国的柯蚱属种类共12种, 其中有2新种, 即龙滩柯蚱Coptotettix longtanensis sp. Nov. 及断脊柯蚱C. rupticosta sp. Nov.; 将断隆线柯蚱C. interrupta Zheng et Mao 转入庭蚱属Hedotettix; 贡柯蚱C. fugongensis Zheng et Mao 被确认为龙江柯蚱C. longjiangensis heng et Wei 的同物异名。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

中国似织螽属分类研究

本文对中国似织螽属已知种类进行了研究,并列出了该属已知种的检索表, 同时记述一新种,即宽翅似织螽 Hexacentrus expansus sp. nov.。该新种与H. inflatissimus Gorochov & Warcholowska-Sliwa, 1999 和H. yunnaneus Bey-Bienko, 1962相似,与前者的主要区别： 1）体明显较小; 2）雄性左前翅Cu2脉较长且直; 3）雄性前翅Rs脉从R脉近端部分出; 4）雌性翅狭,不到达产卵瓣端部; 与后者的主要区别： 1）体黄绿色,跗节第3、4节黑色; 2）雄性左前翅Cu2脉粗壮; 3）雄性前翅Rs脉从R脉近端部分出,基部稍弯曲; 4）雄性腹突细长,长于下生殖板的1/2。模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

Discovery of the genus Crinoedischia in the Middle Permian of France (Insecta: Orthoptera)

New orthopteran Crinoedischia lapeyriei sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the Middle Permian (Guadalupian) of Lodève Basin in southern France. The new species is separated from the Lower Permian (Artinskian) Crinoedischia species by differences in wing venation pattern such as long ScP with anterior branches, RA with prominent distal branches, and MA ending with three branches. The significance and parallels of entomofaunas between Salagou and Wellington formations (Lodève, Elmo, Midco) are briefly discussed.     

The genus Troglophilus Krauss, 1879 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) in the west Balkans

We present a revision of the genus Troglophilus in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula based on morphological and genetic analysis, and provide distribution data for the species. The results of these analyses reduced the number of the known taxa within the genus Troglophilus in this area to five valid species: Troglophilus cavicola ( Kollar, 1833 ), Troglophilus neglectus Krauss, 1879 , Troglophilus ovuliformis Karny, 1907 , Troglophilus brevicauda Chopard, 1934, and Troglophilus lazaropolensis Karaman, 1958. A new species Troglophilus zorae sp. nov. is described and Troglophilus neglectus serbicus Maran, 1958, Troglophilus neglectus vlasinensis Maran, 1958, Troglophilus bukoviki Karaman, 1968 and Troglophilus pretneri Us, 1970 are synonymized. The distribution pattern of the western Balkan species supports a general east?west migration route. We also determined the centres of origin and spreading directions of particular species according to the distribution of the taxa and the structure of the haplotypes. © 2011 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163 , 1035–1063.     

中国奇螽属的分类研究（直翅目：露螽科）

本文对中国奇螽属的种类进行了研究,并记述2新种, 即双刺奇螽Mirollia bispina sp. nov.和多齿奇螽Mirollia multidentus sp.nov.。模式标本保存于河北大学博物馆。     

Comparative cytogenetics of tapirs, genus tapirus (Perissodactyla, tapiridae)

Chromosomes of the four species of Tapirus were 2n = 52 in T. indicus, 2n = 76 in T. pinchaque, 2n = 80 in T. bairdii, and 2n = 80 in T. terrestris. The number of autosomal arms was 80-94. G-banded karyotypes indicated that a heterochromatic addition/deletion distinguished chromosomes 2 and 3 of T. bairdii and T. pinchaque, respectively. There were at least 13 conserved autosomes between the karyotypes of T. bairdii and T. terrestris, and at least 15 were conserved between T. bairdii and T. pinchaque. In G- and C-banded preparations, the X chromosomes of T. bairdii, T. indicus, and T. terrestris were identical, whereas the X chromosome of T. pinchaque differed from the X of the other species by a heterochromatic addition/deletion. The Y chromosome was a medium-sized to small acrocentric in T. bairdii, T. indicus, and T. pinchaque, but it was not positively identified in T. terrestris. There appeared to be fewer homologies between T. indicus and the three species occurring in Central and South America. Future cytogenetic studies of tapirs from the entire range of each of the four species might provide additional insight into their evolutionary biology and aid wildlife conservation efforts aimed at these threatened mammals.     

中国微翅蚱属的分类研究（直翅目：蚱总科：蚱科）

记述分布于我国的微翅蚱属11种,其中有2新种：秦岭微翅蚱Alulatettix qinlingensis sp.nov.和断隆微翅蚱Alulatettix interrupta sp.nov.,附有分种检索表和种类分布情况。模式标本保存在陕西师范大学动物研究所标本室。     

中国橄蝗属的分类研究（直翅目：蝗亚目：蝗总科）

本文对中国橄蝗属Tagasta Bolivar, 1905进行了系统的分类研究, 该属同似橄蝗属Pseudomorphacris Carl, 1916 近似, 其不同之处为前胸背板侧片后下角近乎直角, 后翅为红色或玫瑰色, 雄性尾须短而直, 不向上弯曲。本文共记述产于中国的橄蝗属7种, 包括1新种。并附该属中国已知7种的检索表。