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1.
E. C. R. Tavano L. C. L. Stipp F. R. Muniz F. A. A. Mour?o Filho B. M. J. Mendes 《Biologia Plantarum》2009,53(2):395-399
In vitro organogenesis of Citrus volkameriana and C. aurantium was studied considering three explant types: epicotyl segment, internodal segment, and hypocotyl segment with attached cotyledon
fragment. The explants were cultured in medium according to Grosser and Gmitter (EME) supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5,
and 2.0 mg dm− 3 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP), incubated firstly in darkness for 4 weeks, and then transferred to 16-h photoperiod for 2 weeks.
Comparing epicotyl and internodal segments, a higher percentage of responsive explants and a higher number of shoots per explant
were obtained with epicotyl segments, regardless of the BAP concentration. For C. volkameriana the highest percentage of responsive epicotyl segments (42 %) was obtained in EME with 1.0 mg dm−3 BAP, while for C. aurantium (59 %) in EME with 0.5 mg dm−3 BAP. The organogenesis efficiency was the best with the use of the hypocotyl segment with attached cotyledon fragment (77
% for C. volkameriana and to 75 % for C. aurantium). With this explant the morphogenesis occurred only in the hypocotyl region. The in vitro organogenesis was characterized by histological analyses showing that the morphogenic process started in the cambium region
near the explant cut end. 相似文献
2.
Somatic embryos were obtained from immature zygotic embryos of Cedrela fissilis Well. (Meliaceae), after a culture period of 12 months, with regular subcultures every 6–8 weeks. Callus was developed on explants in 2 months
on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or picloram (PIC). When the calli were
transferred to fresh medium, embryogenic tissue appeared on MS + 45 μM 2,4-D, or 22.5 μM 2,4-D + 0.4 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA),
or 20.7 μM PIC after 6 months. Sub-culture of embryogenic tissue in MS medium supplemented with 4.5 μM 2,4-D resulted in the
differentiation into somatic embryos after further 4 months. Repeated secondary somatic embryogenesis was achieved by regular
subculture on this medium. Maturation and conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets was achieved on MS medium without plant
growth regulators and the conversion frequency was approximately 12.5 %. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in pots
with soil. Histological studies showed that somatic embryos had no detectable connection with the mother explants and that
somatic embryos in advanced stages were bipolar with shoot and root apical meristems, they contained vascular system and showed
typical characteristics of a somatic dicotyledonous embryo. 相似文献
3.
The effect of in vitro cultivation of donor shoots on subsequent morphogenesis in leaf explants of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) clone BA29 was investigated. Proliferating donor shoots were cultured in ventilated or closed vessels under different
photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFD; 200 and 100 μmol m−2 s−1) with 0, 15, 30 g dm−3 sucrose. Shoots grown in ventilated vessels, especially with sucrose at 15 or 30 g dm−3, were better developed with fully expanded leaves compared to those in standard closed vessels. Leaves collected from pre-treated
donor shoots were used to assess regeneration capacity. Somatic embryo production was highest in leaves harvested from shoots
cultured in closed vessels with 30 g dm−3 sucrose and in ventilated vessels with 15 and 30 g dm−3 sucrose and under high PPFD which was, in comparison with the control treatment (closed vessel, 30 g dm−3 sucrose and low PPFD), about 2 to 2.5 times higher. A similar response was observed for root regeneration. 相似文献
4.
G.-Y. Kai L.-M. Dai X.-Y. Mei J.-G. Zheng W. Wang Y. Lu Z.-Y. Qian G.-Y. Zhou 《Biologia Plantarum》2008,52(3):557-560
An efficient in vitro plant regeneration system from leaves of Ophiorrhiza japonica Blume was established for the first time. Callus formation rate was more than 90.4 % from leaf segments on Murashige and
Skoog (MS) supplemented with either α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) alone or in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA). The
highest shoot regeneration (78.9 %) was achieved on MS medium containing 2.0 mg dm−3 BA and 0.2 mg dm−3 NAA, with an average of 9.4 shoots developed per leaf segment. Shoot regeneration was also improved when the leaf explants
were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 0.5 % (m/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The leaf explants from seedlings
with age of about 18–27 d showed the highest shoot regeneration. The regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength basal
MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg dm−3 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), which averagely produced 24.8 roots per shoot. The plantlets were transferred to soil, where
100 % survived after 1 month of acclimatization. 相似文献
5.
Somatic embryos differentiated from hypocotyl explant in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) exhibited very divergent morphologies. Six different types of somatic embryos based on cotyledon development were observed.
The growth hormones (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin) used in induction and maintenance media did not affect embryo
rooting and germination. The 95 % conversion of normal embryos (with two cotyledons) was achieved, while an overall conversion
was only 38 %. Horn shaped embryos failed to exhibit shoot growth. Poorly developed apical meristems were responsible for
lower conversion percentages in some of embryo classes. However, regenerated plants phenotypically resembled to seed grown
control plants regardless of somatic embryo morphology. 相似文献
6.
In the present study, in vitro regeneration system for a recalcitrant woody tree legume, Leucaena leucocephala (cvs. K-8, K-29, K-68 and K-850) from mature tree derived nodal explants as well as seedling derived cotyledonary node explants
was developed. Best shoot initiation and elongation was found on full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with 3 % (m/v) sucrose, 100 mg dm−3 myoinositol, 100 mg dm−3 glutamine, 20.9 μM N
6-benzylamino-purine (BAP) and 5.37 μM 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Rooting was induced in half-strength MS medium containing
2 % (m/v) sucrose, 100 mg dm−3 myoinositol, 14.76 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.23 μM kinetin. The cultivar K-29 gave the best response under in vitro conditions. Rooted plantlets were subjected to hardening and successfully transferred to greenhouse. Further, somatic embryogenesis
from nodal explants of cv. K-29 via an intermittent callus phase was also established. Pronounced callusing was observed on full-strength MS medium containing
3 % (m/v) sucrose, 100 mg dm−3 myoinositol, 40.28 μM NAA and 12.24 μM BAP. These calli were transferred to induction medium and maximum number of globular
shaped somatic embryos was achieved in full-strength MS medium fortified with 3 % (m/v) sucrose, 100 mg dm−3 myoinositol, 15.0 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 5.0 μM BAP and 1.0 mM proline. Moreover, an increase in endogenous
proline content up to 28th day of culture in induction medium was observed. These globular shaped somatic embryos matured in full-strength MS medium
with 3 % (m/v) sucrose, 100 mg dm−3 myoinositol, 10.0 μM BAP, 2.5 to 5.0 μM IBA and 0.5 mM spermidine. 相似文献
7.
Callus cultures initiated from shoot base explants of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. were maintained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 2 mg dm−3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid alone or with 0.5 mg dm−3 kinetin. Plantlets were regenerated from 60 and 180-d-old callus on MS media supplemented with 3 mg dm−3 benzyladenine and 0.5 mg dm−3 α-naphthalene acetic acid. Approximately 8–10 plantlets were produced after 30–40 d of culture per 50 mg of callus inoculated.
Out of 113 regenerants analyzed 85 plants were exclusively diploid and 28 were predominantly diploid revealing presence of
polyploid nuclei. Frequency of polyploid cells were more in regenerants obtained from 180-d-old callus then from 6-d-old callus
which might be attributed to the ageing of callus. 相似文献
8.
An efficient regeneration system for Phaseolus vulgaris was developed from mature seeds germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with thidiazuron or N6-benzylaminopurine (BA) for 6 d. Using cotyledonary nodes, multiple buds were induced on the MS medium supplemented with 5.0
mg dm−3 BA with the induction frequency 71.9 % after 4-week culture. The buds were then transferred onto shoot formation medium containing
1.0 mg dm−3 BA, 0.1 mg dm−3 gibberellic acid and 2.0 mg dm−3 silver nitrate. The addition of AgNO3 enhanced the frequency of the shoot formation from 61.3 to 87.6 %. Root induction medium was half-strength MS medium with
0.75 mg dm−3 indolebutyric acid and 0.02 mg dm−3 BA. The average root frequency was 84.3 %. The regenerated plantlets with healthy roots grew successfully when transferred
to soil. Using this system we obtained over 10 regenerated plantlets from one explant. 相似文献
9.
We have investigated the effects of cadmium on the microtubular (MT) cytoskeleton in the root tip cells of Allium sativum L. using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Cd affected the mechanisms controlling the organization of MT cytoskeleton,
as well as tubulin assembly/disassembly processes. Cd induced the formation of abnormal MT arrays, consisting of discontinuous
wavy MTs or short MT fragments at the cell periphery. Cadmium caused irregular nuclear disorder in cells where the MT organization
and function was disturbed. Furthermore, with increased Cd concentration and duration of treatment the MTs depolymerized more
severely, the frequency of abnormal cell increased and the mitotic index decreased progressively. The above findings showed
that MT cytoskeleton is one of target sites of Cd toxicity in root tip cells. 相似文献
10.
Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed Astragalus melilotoides 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed Astragalus melilotoides Pall. was here developed. The protoplasts were isolated directly from the leaves of the hairy root-induced plants. The highest
yield of protoplasts was obtained from fully expanded leaves of young plants. Their viability was up to 72 ± 2.3 %. The highest
division frequency (32.4 ± 0.13 %) and sustained divisions were obtained in Durand, Potrykus and Donn (DPD) medium supplemented
with 2.0 mg dm−3 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.2 mg dm−3 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.3 M mannitol, 2 % sucrose and 500 mg dm−3 casein hydrolysate at the plating density of 3.0 × 105 cm−3. The frequency of shoot differentiation from protocalli reached to 91.75 ± 3.1 %. Opine synthesis and polymerase chain reaction
analysis confirmed that T-DNA still existed in the protoplast regenerated plants. 相似文献
11.
Direct shoot regeneration from leaf explants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Spilanthes acmella</Emphasis> 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Multiple shoots of Spilanthes acmella Murr. were induced from nodal buds of in vivo and in vitro seedlings on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 1.0 mg dm−3 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg dm−3 α-naphthalene-acetic acid (NAA). Adventitious shoots were successfully regenerated from the leaf explants derived from the
above mentioned multiple shoots. The efficiency of shoot regeneration was tested in the MS medium containing BA, kinetin,
or 2-isopentenyl adenine in combination with NAA, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and gibberellic
acid. Maximum number of shoots per explant (20 ± 0.47) was recorded with 3.0 mg dm−3 BA and 1.0 mg dm−3 IAA. An anatomical study confirmed shoot regeneration via direct organogenesis. About 95 % of the in vitro shoots developed roots after transfer to half strength MS medium containing 1.0 mg dm−3 IBA. 95 % of the plantlets were successfully acclimatized and established in soil. The transplanted plantlets showed normal
flowering without any morphological variation. 相似文献
12.
A method for determination of oxalate with oxalate oxidase (OxO, EC 1.2.3.4) prepared from wheat bran, is based on specific
oxidation of oxalate to produce H2O2. The H2O2 formed was colorimetrically determined using horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of 4-aminoantipyrine and N,N-dimethylaniline
by H2O2. The new method was tested on rice, buckwheat, soybean and oxalis leaves, showing it is precise, sensitive, inexpensive,
highly reproducible and simple to perform. Good agreement could be obtained between this method and the HPLC. 相似文献
13.
A. Akkak V. Scariot D. Torello Marinoni P. Boccacci C. Beltramo R. Botta 《Biologia Plantarum》2009,53(1):164-166
Forty one simple sequence repeats were isolated from two microsatellite enriched libraries of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). After screening, 17 selected microsatellite loci were characterized and evaluated on a set of 31 cultivars and clones
from Algerian and Californian germplasm. All primer pairs produced an amplification product of the expected size and detected
high polymorphism among the analysed samples. These nuclear simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are expected to be a very
effective tool for evaluating genetic diversity in date palm germplasm. Acrosstaxa amplification showed the usefulness of
most SSR markers in 14 other species across the genus Phoenix. 相似文献
14.
Cyclic somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration from callus of safflower 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Efficient plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis was established for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. NARI-6. Embryogenic calli were induced from 10 to 17-d-old cotyledon and leaf explants from in vitro seedlings. High frequency (94.3 %) embryogenic callus was obtained from cotyledon explants cultured on Murashige and Skoog’s
germination (MSG) basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron, 2-isopentenyladenine and indole-3-butyric acid. Primary, secondary
and cyclic somatic embryos were formed from embryogenic calli in a different media free of plant growth regulators, however,
100 % cyclic somatic embryogenesis was obtained from cotyledon derived embryogenic calli cultured on MSG. Somatic embryos
matured and germinated in quarter-strength MSG medium supplemented with gibberellic acid. Cotyledons with root poles or non
root poles were converted to normal plantlets and produced adventitious roots in rooting medium. Rooted plants were acclimatized
and successfully transferred to the field. 相似文献
15.
A rapid and efficient plant regeneration protocol for a wide range of alfalfa genotypes was developed via direct organogenesis. Through a successive excision of the newly developed apical and axillary shoots, a lot of adventitious
buds were directly induced from the cotyledonary nodes when hypocotyl of explants were vertically inserted into modified Murashige
and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.025 mg dm−3 thidiazuron (TDZ) and 3 mg dm−3 AgNO3. When the lower part of shoots excised from explants were immersed into the liquid medium with 1.0 mg dm−3 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) for 2 min, and then transferred to hormone free half-strength MS medium, over 83.3 % of the
shoots developed roots, and all plantlets could acclimatize and establish in soil. The protocol has been successfully applied
to eight genotypes, with regeneration frequencies ranging from 63.8 to 82.5 %. 相似文献
16.
Effect of nitrate availability on nitrate reduction was examined in inter-connected ramets of invasive clonal plant Eichhornia crassipes grown with two nitrate supply regimes during different clonal growth stage. Increase of nitrate availability accelerated
nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in parent and offspring ramets of E. crassipes, and there was greatly different pattern in inter-connected ramets during clonal growth stage. Leaf NRA was lower in offspring
than that in parent ramets in phase 1, while significantly higher leaf NRA in offspring ramets was detected during phase 2.
The results indicated NRA in inter-connected ramets of E. crassipes was highly dependent on nitrate availability and growth stage. 相似文献
17.
Inflorescence explants of two winter wheat cultivars, Triticum durum cv. Kızıltan-91 and T. aestivum cv. Bezostaja-01, were used to evaluate the effects of vernalization period of donor plants, callus age and medium composition
on regeneration capacity. Donor plants were grown for 7 d and they were exposed to 4 °C for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. The maximum
inflorescence formation was observed as 79 % at 4 weeks and 73 % at 5 weeks of vernalization period for Kızıltan-91 and Bezostaja-01,
respectively. Among 6 different callus induction and regeneration mediums, I1-R1 and I3-R3 have to be the best responding mediums for Kızıltan-91 and Bezostaja-01, respectively. In Kızıltan-91, calli induced from
donor plants, vernalized for 3 weeks, showed a significantly lower regeneration capacity than counterparts vernalized for
4 and 5 weeks. The highest regeneration capacity of 69 % was obtained from 6-week-old calli produced from 4 weeks vernalized
Kızıltan-91 donor plants. In contrast to Kızıltan-91 cultures, the effects of vernalization period and callus age on regeneration
capacity were not significant in Bezostaja-01 cultures. The maximum numbers of tillers were obtained from 6-and 15-week-old
calli for Bezostaja-01 and Kızıltan-91, respectively. In contrast to vernalization period of donor plants, callus age had
no effect on seed number. 相似文献
18.
An efficient micropropagation protocol for annatto (Bixa orellana L.) was achieved using nodal shoot tip explants. Shoot buds were obtained on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented
with various concentrations and combinations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), N6-benzyladenine (BA) and triacontanol (TRIA). Maximum of 213 shoot buds along with 18 primary shoots were produced on MS medium
containing 0.05 μM IAA, 8.87 μM BA, and 11.2 μM TRIA. The primary shoots elongated best on MS medium containing 6.66 μM BA
and 2.45 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The regenerated shoots rooted best on MS medium supplemented with 4.9 μM IBA. The
in vitro rooted plantlets were hardened and establishment rate under field conditions was 70 to 80 %. 相似文献
19.
A glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene cloned from the lepidopteran spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana Clem. was transformed into the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The CfGST-transgenic and wild-type A. thaliana were subjected to 4 and 10 °C for 48 h and their cold resistance was studied. The GST activity of the transgenic plants was
46.6 and 35.7 % higher than that of the wild-type plants after 48 h under 4 and 10 °C, respectively. Relative membrane permeability
and malondialdehyde content in the transgenic plants were lower while contents of the chlorophyll and proline were higher
than those in the wild-type plants under 4 and 10 °C. The survival rate of the transgenic plants was 43.7 % for 24 h under
0 °C, while survival rate of wild-type plants was 28.3 %. The results indicated that the insect GST could enhance cold resistance
in the transgenic A. thaliana. 相似文献
20.
Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Vitasso) plants exposed to 10, 30, 50 and 100 μM of Cd for 5 d in hydroponic culture were analysed with reference
to the distribution of Cd2+, the accumulation of biomass and antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes in leaves. Cd induced a decrease in plant biomass.
The maximum accumulation of Cd occurred in roots followed by stems and leaves. Cd induced a decrease in catalase (CAT) and
guiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities but an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR)
activities. Enhancement in dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activity was also at 10 μM Cd. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity
showed pronounced stimulation after all treatments, but glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPOX)
activities decreased. The effectiveness of ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AGC) was determined by the ratio of ascorbate to H2O2. This ratio decreased in the Cd-treated leaves which indicated that the cycle was disordered. 相似文献