三种木通属植物的地理分布与资源调查

木通属（AkebiaDecaisne）植物为我国传统药用植物,有着2000多年的药用历史,具有很高的药用价值;叶、花、果观赏性强,果肉营养丰富,可鲜食或加工,开发潜力巨大。作者对3种具有经济价值的木通属植物（五叶木通Akebia quinata（Houttuyn）Decaisne、三叶木通A.trifoliatassp.trifoliata和白木通A.trifoliatassp.austra-lis）的地理分布、形态学和农艺学特征以及资源现状进行了调查。结果发现,五叶木通主要分布于中国东南部及长江流域,由于长期的过度采收使野生资源遭到严重破坏;三叶木通广泛分布于华中及黄河流域,秦岭沿线分布较多,野生资源蕴藏量匮乏,目前已相继建立GAP栽培基地并作为保健水果进行开发;白木通分布于华南及长江流域各省区,资源丰富,但目前开发利用较少。为保证野生资源的可持续利用,应控制木通属植物的过度采收,加强白木通的合理开发利用,进行更广泛的资源调查、收集和评价,同时建立栽培驯化基地,推广优质、高产栽培技术,培育出品质优良,经济价值高,适合药用、观赏、食用或加工等不同需要的品种,促进木通产业的健康发展。     

湘西地区木通属植物资源的研究(摘要)

木通属ＡｋｅｂｉａＤｅｃｎｅ是木通科植物。我国产 4种和 4变种 ,湘西主要有木通Ａｋｅｂｉａｑｕｉｎａｔａ(Ｔｈｕｎｂ .)Ｄｅｃｎｅ、三叶木通Ａ .ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉａｔａ(Ｔｈｕｎｂ .)Ｋｏｉｄｚ.及白木通Ａ .ｔｒｉｆｏｌｉａｔａ(Ｔｈｕｎｂ .)Ｋｏｉｄｚ.ｖａｒ.ａｕｓ ｔｒａｌｉｓ(Ｄｉｅｌｓ)Ｒｅｈｄ。1 .湘西地区木通属植物生态地理学研究　根据采样调查 ,白木通是三叶木通的变种 ,在湘西地区分布最普遍 ,它多生长在暗棕土壤上 ,土壤较肥活、疏松、湿润 ,疏林下或灌木丛中 ,土壤腐殖质层厚 5～ 2 0ｃｍ ,ｐＨ6～ 6 .5。三叶木…     

中国马兜铃属和关木通属(马兜铃科)概览

马兜铃属(广义) (Aristolochia sensu lato)具有花单被、花萼管状、合蕊柱、子房下位、中轴胎座、胚珠多数、蒴果等主要特征, 广布于全世界的热带、亚热带和温带地区, 约有600种, 是马兜铃科中种类最多的属。依据Flora of China, 我国有本属植物45种, 其中33种为中国特有。近些年, 国内大量的新类群被相继报道, 特别是云南、广西两地, 而另一些类群则得到了确认、恢复、重新发表或修订。最近, 基于形态和分子证据, 关木通属(Isotrema)因其花萼管急剧弯曲; 合蕊柱3裂; 雄蕊6, 成对与合蕊柱裂片对生; 蒴果由上而下开裂等区别特征而从广义马兜铃属中被分出独立成属。本文基于大量的野外调查、标本鉴定、数码照片考证和相关文献的仔细研究, 重新梳理了中国马兜铃属和关木通属的种类及分布情况, 确认现阶段中国马兜铃属17种和关木通属58种1亚种, 并一一记述同时编制了最新的检索表。其中, 柔叶关木通(I. mollis)、线叶关木通(I. neolongifolia)的种级地位得到重新确认, 并提供了图版。探讨了优贵马兜铃(A. gentilis)、川滇马兜铃(A. chuandianensis)和纤细马兜铃(A. gracillima)的关系, 昆明关木通(I. kunmingense)与波氏关木通(A. bonatii)的关系, 以及卵叶关木通(I. ovatifolium)、葫芦叶关木通(I. cucurbitoides)、西藏关木通(I. griffithii)、过石珠(I. versicolor)、大别山关木通(I. dabieshanensis)等复合群和袋形关木通(I. saccata)等物种存在的问题。     

木通属植物的化学成分研究概况

木通科(Lardizabalaceae)木通属(Akebia)植物原产中国和日本。在我国有6个种和变种,除2个种主产台湾省外,其余的主要分布于长江流域及河北、陕西、甘肃、山西等省。木通属具有重要的经济利用价值。其根、茎、果实、种子都可入药,在中药中分别被称为木通根、木通、八月札、预知子。果实营养丰富,含有蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、维生素和大量矿物质。可鲜食、酿酒、制作饮料等。花果多为紫色,枝条缠绕多姿,可作棚架、盆景材料。     

药用植物三叶木通(Akebia trifoliata subsp.trifoliata)野生资源的地理分布与调查

野生三叶木通广泛分布于华中、黄河流域以及秦岭地区,具有极高的药用价值,应用前景广阔.由于过度采收造成野生三叶木通资源的急剧下降.利用样方调查的方法,在野生三叶木通集中分布的秦岭和中条山等地对其地理分布和资源状况进行了调查.结果发现,野生三叶木通的密度以及单株和单位面积根、茎、叶的平均重量在不同地区表现出很大的差异.在陕西省镇安县,野生三叶木通具有最大的总储藏量、总年允收量和单位面积总重,分别为2 014.28 kg/hm2、437.3 kg和201.43g/m2.根据三叶木通主产区各省份的森林面积,全国主产区总蕴藏量有223 805.65万t,年允收量有6 209.19万t.需要加强对三叶木通植物野生资源的保护力度,实现野生药用植物资源可持续开发利用的最终目的.     

长萼木通属——木通科一新属

缺瓣牛姆瓜Holboellia apetala Q．Xia,J．Z.Suen et Z．X．Peng在一系列特征上与牛姆瓜属Holboellia植物不同,不应隶属于该属,而代表了一个未被描述过的新属—长萼木通属。新属在茎、叶、果实和花的大部分特征上与木通属Akebia相似,但花萼特征又与野木瓜属Stauntonia接近,其系统位置介于这两个属之间,并偏于前者。     

基于叶绿体 Trn L-F 序列和联合数据分析木通科的分子系统发育

基于叶绿体 trn L-F 序列单独分析以及 trn L-F 和 rbc L 序列联合分析重建了木通科的分子系统发育.本研究的系统发育拓扑结构与覃海宁和塔赫他间的族划分系统非常一致.猫儿屎族和串果藤族在系统发育树上位于本科的基部.由分布于南美的勃奎拉藤属和拉氏藤属组成的拉氏藤族得到了 trn L-F 序列分析(100%)和联合序列分析(99%)的很好支持.木通族在两个分析里都得到了100%的靴带支持率.新建立的长萼木通属在 trn L-F 树上嵌套在木通属内;然而,在联合分析的树上,它与木通属形成姐妹群并得到很高的支持率.在系统发育上关系密切的3个属: 牛藤果属、八月瓜属和野木瓜属之间的关系仍未解决.牛藤果与八月瓜在两个分析里都形成姐妹群,但支持率低.小花鹰爪枫嵌套在野木瓜属内,并与西南野木瓜形成姐妹群.木通族内这3个属可能都不是单系,它们的属间界限和属的界定需要更多的分子和形态数据的进一步研究.     

独特的绿色生命

三叶木通为木通科木通属植物。掌状复叶，小叶3片，纸质，卵圆形或卯形，先端凹缺，基部圆形，边缘具不规则浅波齿，背面灰绿色。总状花序腋生。雌     

蓣知子的化学成份研究（Ⅲ）

从木通科木通属植物白木通[Akebia trifolinta (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis(Dies)Rehd]的种子(蓣知子)抗肿瘤活性的乙醇提取物中以硅胶层析等方法分得一种三萜皂甙。经波谱分析及酸碱水解确定了其化学结构,命名为:3-O-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖常春藤皂甙元-28-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(即Saponin D),为首次自该植物中获得。     

假木通植物补充记载

<正> 假木通(Stephanotis chunii Tsiang)隶属于萝摩科(Asclepiadaceae)黑曼藤属(Stephanotis Thou.),为我国特有的藤状灌木植物,现仅见于广西的大瑶山、十万大山和广东的鼎湖山。1936年蒋英教授发表假木通新种时,没有看见果的标本,最近从金秀县(大瑶山)采集到假木通的果实标本,现补充记载如下,以供参考。 假木通(中国高等植物图鉴)大补药、十全大补、瑶佬药、藤列别、铜列(广西金秀瑶语)     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.