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Isogai Akira; Takayama Seiji; Shiozawa Hideyuki; Tsukamoto Chise; Kanbara Takeshi; Hinata Kokichi; Okazaki Keiichi; Suzuki Akinori 《Plant & cell physiology》1988,29(8):1331-1336
S-Glycoproteins (S-locus-specific glycoproteins) in Brassicaspecies are present only in stigmas and thought to play an importantrole in self-incompatibility system. The stigma extract containsalso several other glycoproteins reacting with the antiserumto S-glycoproteins, among which some glycoproteins from S8S8-and S9S9-homozygotes have the same pI value. Both of the glycoproteinswhich were tentatively termed NS8- and NS8S9-glycoproteins,respectively, were isolated and analyzed. Those were revealedto be identical. Its amino acid sequence was homologous withthe S-glycoproteins in Brassica species. The NS-glycoproteinswere expressed at the same time and only in stigma as S-glycoproteins. (Received July 19, 1988; Accepted September 7, 1988) 相似文献
3.
S-Locus-Specific Glycoproteins Associated with Self-Incompatibility in Brassica campestris 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Isogai Akira; Takayama Seiji; Tsukamoto Chise; Ueda Yukari; Shiozawa Hideyuki; Hinata Kokichi; Okazaki Keiichi; Suzuki Akinori 《Plant & cell physiology》1987,28(7):1279-1291
Specific S-glycoproteins were isolated from three Brassica campestriscultivars homozygous with respect to the S-alleles S8, S9 andS12. Amino acid sequences of various peptide fragments of theS-proteins were determined using a gas-phase protein sequencer,and a nearly complete amino acid sequence of the S8-glycoproteinwas determined on the basis of the revised cDNA sequence ofthe B. oleracea S-specific glycoprotein. The lysyl endopeptidasefragments of S9 and S12-glycoproteins were aligned in comparisonwith the sequence of the S8-glycoprotein. Although extensivesequence homology was evident among the three S-glycoproteins,the sequences of the middle part were relatively different fromeach other. The numbers and positions of N-glycosylation alsodiffered among the S-glycoproteins of Brassica species. (Received April 20, 1987; Accepted July 29, 1987) 相似文献
4.
Identification of Stylar RNases Associated with Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility in Almond (Prunus dulcis) 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Tao Ryutaro; Yamane Hisayo; Sassa Hidenori; Mori Hitoshi; Gradziel Thomas M.; Dandekar Abhaya M.; Sugiura Akira 《Plant & cell physiology》1997,38(3):304-311
Stylar proteins of 13 almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars withknown S-genotypes were surveyed by IEF and 2D-PAGE combinedwith immunoblot and N-terminal amino acid sequence analysesto identify S-RNases associated with gametophytic self-incompatibility(SI) in this plant species. RNase activities corresponding toSa and Sb, two of the four S-alleles tested, were identifiedby IEF and RNase activity staining. The Sa-RNase band reactedwith the anti-S4serum prepared from Japanese pear (Pyrus serotina);no reaction with the antiserum was observed with the sbRNaseband. When the sa-RNase band was excised from an IEF gel stainedfor RNase activity, subjected to SDS-PAGE, and detected by immunoblotting,it appeared that this band consisted of a single protein thatreacted with the anti-s4serum with Mr of about 28 kDa. With2D-PAGE and silver staining of the stylar extracts, all fourS-proteins could be successfully distinguished from each otherin the highly basic zone of the gel. Although Sb-, Sc-, andSdproteins had roughly the same Mr of about 30 kDa, the Sc-proteinseemed to be slightly smaller than the Sb-protein and slightlylarger than the Saprotein. In 2D-PAGE profiles as well, theSa-protein had Mr of about 28 kDa, apparently smaller than theother three proteins. A bud sport, in which one of the two S-allelesof the original cultivar is impaired, was visualized as a lossof Scprotein, which is consistent with the previous pollinationstudy. All four S-proteins reacted with the anti-S4serum, probablybecause of the differing conformations of these S-proteins inthe IEF and 2D-PAGE gels. The Sa-protein in 2D-PAGE appearedto be identical to Sa-RNase in IEF; both bad the same Mr andwere reactive with the anti-S4-serum. N-terminal amino acidsequence analysis of the four 5-proteins revealed that theywere highly homologous to each other and similar to the 5-RNasesof Malus, Pyrus, Scrophulariaceae, and Solanaceae. Taken together,RNases in the style are strongly suggested to be associatedwith the gametophytic SI of al- mond. This is the first reportidentofiying and characterizing S-RNase in almond. (Received July 11, 1996; Accepted December 26, 1996) 相似文献
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Characterization and Translation of Poly(A)+RNA from Wounded and Crown Gall Tissues of Potato Tubers
Poly(A)+ and poly(A)RNA from wounded potato tuber tissuesand crown gall tumors were separated from total RNA by oligodeoxythymidylicacid-cellulose affinity chromatography. The poly(A)+RNA wascharacterized by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, hybridizationwith 3(H)polyuridylic acid [Poly(U)] and in vitro translationin a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. The tumor poly(A)+RNAwas a heterodisperse mixture from 3.5S to 35S. Upon poly(U)hybridization of the gradient fractions two major hybridizationpeaks at 7S and 21S and two peaks at 11S and 16S appeared. Inan in vitro translation system the poly(A)+RNA programmed thesynthesis of 23 different polypeptides of 9,000 to 79,800 daltonsmolecular weight as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The 21S poly(A)+RNA was about 5 times more active in in vitroprotein synthesis than the 7S poly(A)+RNA. The poly(A)+RNA from wounded tissues was also heterodisperse(from 4.5S to 31S) with a modal peak at 18S. This RNA codedfor at least 28 polypeptides, which were different from thoseof crown gall tumor tissues. On a per unit poly(A)+RNA basis the tumor RNA was slightly moreactive in translation than that from wounded tissues. The translationof tumor poly(A)+RNA was completely blocked by 0.5 mM 7-methylguanosine5'-phosphate, but not by 7-methylguanosine, suggesting the presenceof a 5'-cap structure. (Received May 15, 1982; Accepted June 30, 1982) 相似文献
6.
S-Methyl-L-cysteine was actively metabolized in Chinese cabbageand carbon from its methyl group was distributed into both thesoluble and insoluble fractions. The high incorporation of 14Cfrom the methyl group into the insoluble fraction after administeringof S-methyl-L-cysteine-14CH3, and our previous results thatS-methyl-L-cysteine is demethylated to give cysteine, suggestthat S-methyl-L-cysteine might act as a methyl donor in Chinesecabbage. To obtain evidence for this possibility, incorporationof the methyl-14C of S-methyl-L-cysteine into methyl estersof pectic substances was investigated. Most of the 14C incorporatedinto pectic substances was liberated by treatment with dilutealkali and pectin esterase. The results show that S-methyl-L-cysteineacts as a methyl donor to form pectin ester. (Received October 12, 1971; ) 相似文献
7.
Kishi-Nishizawa Naoko; Isogai Akira; Watanabe Masao; Hinata Kokichi; Yamakawa Seiei; Shojima Shinsuke; Suzuki Akinori 《Plant & cell physiology》1990,31(8):1207-1219
The ultrastructure of papillar cells of Brassica campestrison the day of anthesis was studied by the liquid helium rapid-freezingand a substitution-fixation method, abbreviated as the RFS method.Application of the RFS method to the analysis of papillar cellsenabled us to examine clear images of these cells which havenot been observed previously. The well-developed rough and smoothendoplasmic reticulum, numerous Golgi bodies and mitochondria,various small vesicles and clathrin-coated vesicles, were presentin the cells. The numbers of Golgi bodies, as well as the numbersof cisternae of each Golgi body, increased as compared to thatin the other cells of style. Lattice-like fenestrated and flattenedcisternae were seen adjacent to the narrowest trans cisternaof the Golgi body, which had a partially coated region at itsperiphery. Many coated vesicles were observed in the vicinityof this structure and the plasma membrane. Coated areas on theplasma membrane were also observed. The ultrastructure of papillarcells on the day of anthesis indicated that they are very activesecretory cells. By using an antibody against S8-protein andsections prepared by the RFS method, we demonstrated the distributionof S8-protein in the cell wall of papillar cells of homozygousplants of Brassica campestris SgS8. (Received June 26, 1990; Accepted September 29, 1990) 相似文献
8.
Gametophytic self-incompatibility, a mechanism that preventsinbreeding in some families of flowering plants, is mediatedby the products of a single genetic locus, the S-locus. Theproducts of the S-gene in the female sexual tissues of Nicotianaalata are an allelic series of glycoproteins with RNase activity.In this study, we report on the microheterogeneity of N-linkedglycosylation at the four potential N-glycosylation sites ofthe S2-glycoprotein. The S-glycoproteins from N.alata containfrom one to five potential N-glycosylation sites based on theconsensus sequence Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr. The S2-glycoprotein containsfour potential N-glycosylation sites at Asn27, Asn37, Asn138and Asn150, designated sites I, n, IV and V, respectively. SiteIII is absent from the S2-glycoprotein. Analysis of glycopeptidesgenerated from the S2-glycoprotein by trypsin and chymotrypsindigestions revealed the types of glycans and the degree of microheterogeneitypresent at each site. Sites I (Asn27) and IV (Asn138) displaymicroheterogeneity, site II (Asn37) contains only a single typeof N-glycan, and site V (Asn150) is not glycosylated. The microheterogeneityobserved at site I on the S2-glycoprotein is the same as thatobserved at the only site, site I, on the Srglycoprotein (Woodwardet al., Glycobiology, 2, 241-250, 1992). Since the N-glycosylationconsensus sequence at site I is conserved in all S-glycoproteinsfrom other species of self-incompatible solanaceous plants,glycosylation at this site may be important to their function.No other post-translational modifications (e.g. O-glycosylation,phosphorylation) were detected on the S2-glycoprotein. fertilization microheterogeneity N-glycans plants RNase 相似文献
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From the dissociation of Anabaena variabilis phycobilisomesfour phycocyanin (PC) and four allophycocyanin (APC) subparticlesspecies were isolated. In high phosphate a 14.5 S APC fractionwas capable of associating with an APC trimer (6.1 S) fractionat the ratio of 2 : 4 to yield 23 S APC particles. The 23 SAPC particles by electron microscopy were square in shape withthe dimension of 16 x 23 nm, strongly resembling the core ofnative phycobilisomes. When the 23 S APC particles were mixedwith PC subparticles, phycobilisomes resulted which were indistinguishablefrom native phycobilisomes in shape as well as in the capacityof transferring excitation energy. It appears that phycobilisomesconsist of two far-emitting APC moieties, each of which hascontact with one PC rod.
1 This paper is dedicated to late Prof. Dr. Joji Ashida. 相似文献
11.
Self-Incompatibility-Related RNases in Styles of Japanese Pear (Pyrus serotina Rehd.) 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Isoelectric focusing revealed that S-genotypes of Japanese pearvarieties with gametophytic self-incompatibility were correlatedwith the isoforms of their stylar RNases. In a self-compatiblemutant, the S-allele-related band was much less intense thanin the original variety. These observations suggest that theRNase isoforms may be the stylar products of S-genes. (Received February 21, 1992; Accepted June 19, 1992) 相似文献
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Information in the literature suggests that the process of applebud morphogenesis is controlled by the level of growth substances,notably gibberellins in the bud, and by the availability ofgrowth substrate (S). The spur buds of apples must contain acertain minimum number of nodes (Nm) before flower primordiacan be formed, and the process of bud morphogenesis can be describedby a rate of node production with time, t by the equation It is postulated that the parameter kG is a function of thebalance between the enzymes systems in the bud, the rate ofsynthesis of the enzymes associated with the development offloral bud parts (floral enzymes) being inversely related tothe level of gibberellins (G) in the bud. The parameter kG isa function of the nutritional state of the bud; a is a rateparameter, and i is a conversion factor. Node production rateis asymptotic with increase in S, but switches from high tolow values as G varies about a critical concentration. The implicationsof the model, which appears to describe most observations, arediscussed, and some suggestions for testing it are put forward. 相似文献
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Stem formation process is analysed by examining annual ringsfor coniferous and broadleaved trees. Cutting a tree stem intoseveral segments of a constant length, the weight of each segmentis denoted as the stem density (S). In addition the verticallyaccumulated current increment of the stem densities is definedas the cumulative stem increment (CSI). Examining the relationshipsbetween CSI and S for tree stems, it is shown that most of themdepict straight lines. Redefining S as a function with two independentvariables, time t and vertical position z along the stem, thelinear partial differential equation 相似文献
14.
Self-incompatibility is a mechanism developed by many plantsto prevent inbreeding. The products of the selfincompatibility(S)-locus in the styles of solanaceous plants are a series ofglycoproteins with ribonuclease activity. In this study, wereport on the N-glycans from the stylar selfincompatibilityS3- and S6-ribonucleases of Nicotiana alata, which were enzymicallyreleased and fractionated by high-pH anion-exchange HPLC. Atotal of 14 N-glycans were identified and characterized by acombination of electrospray-ionization mass-spectrometry, 1H-NMRspectroscopy, chemical degradation, and methylation analyses.This pattern of N-glycosylation is much more complex than thatpreviously found on the N.alata S1- and S2-RNases each of whichcontained only four N-glycans. N-glycan Nicotiana alata ribonuclease selfincompatibility 相似文献
15.
Immunological Reactions of Single Pollen Grains, Electrophoresis and Enzymology of Pollen Protein Exudates 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Single intact pollen grains of Oenothera organensis, when placedupon a thin layer of agar containing pollen antiserum, producecircular areas of precipitate. Pollen grains from an S2S2 plantdo not produce precipitate in S6 antiserum. Pollen grains froman S6S6 plant and an S2'S4' self-compatible plant produce precipitatesin S6 antiserum. Fifty per cent of the pollen grains from anS2S6 plant produce precipitate in S6 antiserum. Protein diffusesinto buffer solutions from intact pollen grains within 212 min.As much as 40 per cent of the total protein diffuses out inan hour. Amylase and invertase were detected in the diffusatefrom pollen grains. Alkaline and acid phosphatases were confinedto the pollen grains and did not diffuse out. The serologicalprecipitates are specific to the incompatibility system. 相似文献
16.
Clones of excised roots of wild type tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum,Mill., cv. Moneymaker) and a near-isogenic GA-deficient mutant(gib-1/gib-1) were cultured in modified White's medium containing1.5% w/v sucrose. The linear elongation rate of the main axisof the gib-1 mutant was 40% less than that of the wild type.In addition, the main axis of the gib-1 mutant was thicker thanthat of the wild type but main axis volume growth was the samein both genotypes, indicating that the gib-1 allele was affectingthe orientation of root expansion. There was no evidence tosuggest that the gib-1 allele affected either the pattern ofemergence or the density of lateral roots. Elongation rate andthickness of gib-1 mutant roots were restored to those of thewild type by the addition of low concentrations (0.11.0µM) of gibberellic acid (GA3). These concentrations ofGA3 caused a slight reduction in extension growth of wild typeroots, indicating that endogenous GAs were not limiting elongationof normal roots in culture. The GA biosynthesis inhibitor, 2S,3S paclobutrazol, at 0.1 µM, significantly reduced elongationof wild type roots and this inhibition was counteracted by 0.1µM GA3. It is concluded that the difference in growthbetween the gib-1 mutant and the wild type represented GA-dependentgrowth. Low concentrations of 2S, 3S paclobutrazol caused onlya small (5%) reduction in growth of the gib-1 mutant and thisgrowth inhibition was not reversed by GA3. This observation,and the fact that gib-1 mutant roots grow in the absence ofadded GA3, suggested that part of root growth was GA-independent.However, the possibilities that the gib-1 mutant is leakyand that paclobutrazol does not inhibit GA biosynthesis completelycannot be excluded. Key words: gib-1 mutant, gibberellic acid, Lycopersicon esculentum, 2S, 3S paclobutrazol, root growth 相似文献
17.
Verbanck S.; Schuermans D.; Van Muylem A.; Paiva M.; Noppen M.; Vincken W. 《Journal of applied physiology》1997,83(6):1907-1916
Verbanck, S., D. Schuermans, A. Van Muylem, M. Paiva, M. Noppen, and W. Vincken. Ventilation distribution during histamine provocation. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(6):1907-1916, 1997.We investigated ventilation inhomogeneity duringprovocation with inhaled histamine in 20 asymptomatic nonsmokingsubjects. We used N2multiple-breath washout (MBW) to deriveparameters Scondand Sacin as ameasurement of ventilation inhomogeneity in conductive and acinar zonesof the lungs, respectively. A 20% decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was used todistinguish responders from nonresponders. In the responder group,average FEV1 decreased by 26%,whereas Scondincreased by 390% with no significant change inSacin. In thenonresponder group, FEV1 decreasedby 11%, whereasScond increased by 198% with no significantSacin change.Despite the absence of change inSacin duringprovocation, baselineSacin wassignificantly larger in the responder vs. the nonresponder group. Themain findings of our study are that during provocation largeventilation inhomogeneities occur, that the small airways affected bythe provocation process are situated proximal to the acinar zone wherethe diffusion front stands, and that, in addition to overall decreasein airway caliber, there is inhomogeneous narrowing of parallelairways. 相似文献
18.
Gourgoulianis K. I.; Molyvdas P. A.; Verbanck S.; Schuermans D.; Muylem A. Van; Paiva M.; Noppen M.; Vincken W. 《Journal of applied physiology》1998,85(3):1198
The following is the abstract of the article discussed in thesubsequent letter:Verbanck, S., D. Schuermans, A. Van Muylem, M. Paiva, M. Noppen, and W. Vincken. Ventilation distribution duringhistamine provocation. J. Appl. Physiol.83(6):1907-1916, 1997.We investigated ventilation inhomogeneityduring provocation with inhaled histamine in 20 asymptomatic nonsmokingsubjects. We used N2 multiple-breath washout (MBW) toderive parameters Scond andSacin as a measurement of ventilationinhomogeneity in conductive and acinar zones of the lungs,respectively. A 20% decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 s(FEV1) was used to distinguish responders fromnonresponders. In the responder group, average FEV1decreased by 26%, whereas Scond increased by390% with no significant change in Sacin. In the nonresponder group, FEV1 decreased by 11%, whereasScond increased by 198% with no significantSacin change. Despite the absence of change inSacin during provocation, baselineSacin was significantly larger in the respondervs. the nonresponder group. The main findings of our study are thatduring provocation large ventilation inhomogeneities occur, that thesmall airways affected by the provocation process are situated proximalto the acinar zone where the diffusion front stands, and that, inaddition to overall decrease in airway caliber, there is inhomogeneousnarrowing of parallel airways. 相似文献
19.
Ultrastructural Investigation of Tension Wood Fibre in Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The ultrastructure of the fibre wall in Fraxinus mandshuricaRupr. var. japonica Maxim. was investigated by electron microscopy.The trees had been inclined artificially at an angle of 30°to the vertical at the beginning of the initiation of cambialgrowth in early spring. The secondary walls of tension woodfibres were of the outer (S1) layer and gelatinous (G) layertype. The microfibrils in the gelatinous (G) layer were orientedas a steep Z-helix relative to the fibre axis with a deviationthat ranged from 0° to 25° but was mainly between 5°and 10°. The cross-sectional surface of tension wood fibresrevealed the relatively strong attachment of the G-layer tothe S1 layer. The G-layer stained weakly with potassium permanganate.The S1 layer of tension wood fibres stained less strongly thanthat of the normal and opposite wood fibres. These results indicatethat the tension wood in F. mandshurica var. japonica is nottypical and is somewhat anomalous. The secondary walls of normaland opposite wood fibres were composed of two layers, S1 andS2, and lacked an S3 layer. Microfibrils in the S3 layer ofjuvenile stems were extremely variable in orientation and weresparsely distributed without forming a layer. By contrast, avery thin S3 layer was present in the wood fibres of maturestems. The variations in the formation of the S3 layer in thefibre walls were probably due to the differences in the cambialage of the stems of F. mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica.Copyright1995, 1999 Academic Press Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr. var. japonica Maxim., Japanese ash, tension wood, fibre wall, G-layer, microfibrillar orientation, normal and opposite wood, juvenile stem, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, low accelerating voltage 相似文献
20.
Zhang L Foster K Li Q Martens JR 《American journal of physiology. Cell physiology》2007,293(1):C152-C161
The number of ion channels expressed on the cell surface shapes the complex electrical response of excitable cells. An imbalance in the ratio of inward and outward conducting channels is unfavorable and often detrimental. For example, over- or underexpression of voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channels can be cytotoxic and in some cases lead to disease. In this study, we demonstrated a novel role for S-acylation in Kv1.5 cell surface expression. In transfected fibroblasts, biochemical evidence showed that Kv1.5 is posttranslationally modified on both the NH2 and COOH termini via hydroxylamine-sensitive thioester bonds. Pharmacological inhibition of S-acylation, but not myristoylation, significantly decreased Kv1.5 expression and resulted in accumulation of channel protein in intracellular compartments and targeting for degradation. Channel protein degradation was rescued by treatment with proteasome inhibitors. Time course experiments revealed that S-acylation occurred in the biosynthetic pathway of nascent channel protein and showed that newly synthesized Kv1.5 protein, but not protein expressed on the cell surface, is sensitive to inhibitors of thioacylation. Sensitivity to inhibitors of S-acylation was governed by COOH-terminal, but not NH2-terminal, cysteines. Surprisingly, although intracellular cysteines were required for S-acylation, mutation of these residues resulted in an increase in Kv1.5 cell surface channel expression, suggesting that screening of free cysteines by fatty acylation is an important regulatory step in the quality control pathway. Together, these results show that S-acylation can regulate steady-state expression of Kv1.5. quality control; potassium; channels; palmitoylation; posttranslational 相似文献