HIF-1α 在卵巢癌中的表达及与化疗耐药相关性研究

目的:探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)在卵巢癌中的表达及其在卵巢癌化疗耐药中的作用。方法:采用免疫组化方法,检测96例卵巢癌组织,45例良性卵巢肿瘤和30例正常卵巢组织中HIF-1α的表达,分析其表达与临床病理特征及化疗耐药的相关性。结果:卵巢癌中HIF-1α的表达高于正常卵巢及良性卵巢肿瘤组织,且临床分期越晚其表达越高(P<0.001),而与肿瘤组织类型、病理分级及患者年龄无显著相关性。HIF-1α在卵巢癌化疗耐药组阳性率明显高于化疗敏感组(P<0.001)。结论:卵巢癌中HIF-1α高表达与卵巢癌的发生、发展、浸润和转移有关,与卵巢癌化疗耐药密切相关,HIF-1α可成为卵巢癌化疗新的分子治疗靶点。     

HMGB1在卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨高迁移率组蛋白B1（HMGB1）在卵巢癌患者血清及组织中的表达及临床意义。方法：采用ELISA技术检测96例女性血清中HMGB1水平,其中盆腔肿物住院患者66例按照术后病理结果分为卵巢良性肿瘤组40例和卵巢癌组26例,健康女性30例作为正常对照组,并通过免疫组织化学技术进一步检测卵巢癌、卵巢良性肿瘤组织中的表达情况。结果：卵巢癌组HMGB1水平明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,正常对照组和卵巢良性肿瘤组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：HMGB1测定有助于鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤。     

HMGB1在卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨高迁移率组蛋白B1(HMGB1)在卵巢癌患者血清及组织中的表达及临床意义。方法:采用ELISA技术检测96例女性血清中HMGB1水平,其中盆腔肿物住院患者66例按照术后病理结果分为卵巢良性肿瘤组40例和卵巢癌组26例,健康女性30例作为正常对照组,并通过免疫组织化学技术进一步检测卵巢癌、卵巢良性肿瘤组织中的表达情况。结果:卵巢癌组HMGB1水平明显高于其他两组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),正常对照组和卵巢良性肿瘤组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:HMGB1测定有助于鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤。     

人卵巢癌A2780 细胞侵袭转移与HES1 相关性

目的:探讨人卵巢癌细胞A2780中的HES1表达与人卵巢癌侵袭及转移的关系。方法:分别运用实时RT-PCR、WesternBlotting及细胞免疫荧光法检测γ分泌酶抑制剂作用前后A2780细胞中HES1的表达水平,Transwell小室试验及MTT法分别用于检测细胞的侵袭、迁移及黏附能力。结果:下调A2780细胞中HES1的表达水平后,A2780细胞的黏附、侵袭及转移能力下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:HES1的表达与人卵巢癌细胞的侵袭及转移密切相关,下调其表达可抑制卵巢癌细胞的黏附、侵袭及转移能力。     

卵巢癌中Caspase-3 的表达及与化疗耐药相关性研究

目的:检测Caspase-3在卵巢癌中的表达并探讨其与卵巢癌化疗耐药相关性。方法:利用组织芯片技术结合免疫组化方法,对176例卵巢癌、70例良性卵巢肿瘤、50例正常卵巢组织中Caspase-3的表达进行检测,分析其表达与临床病理特征及化疗疗效的相关性。结果:卵巢癌中Caspase-3的表达显著低于正常卵巢及卵巢良性肿瘤,且卵巢癌FIGO临床分期越晚其表达越低(P<0.01),而与肿瘤的组织类型、病理分级及患者的年龄和月经状况无显著相关性(P>0.05)。Caspase-3在卵巢癌化疗耐药组的阳性率显著低于化疗敏感组(P<0.01)。结论:凋亡蛋白酶Caspase-3的缺表达可能参与了卵巢癌的发生发展过程,在卵巢癌化疗耐药的行程中发挥作用;Caspase-3的检测可能对指导卵巢癌临床化疗用药有帮助,可提高化疗效果和减少化疗耐药,并成为预测化疗疗效的有用指标。     

p27kip1、Cyclin D1在卵巢癌中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨p27kip1、Cyclin D1在卵巢癌发生方面的意义.方法应用免疫组织化学方法及半定量分析方法,检测50例卵巢癌、19例卵巢良性上皮肿瘤、 13例正常卵巢组织中的p27kip1和Cyclin D1表达,并分析它们与良恶性肿瘤、病理学分级、临床分期的相关性. 结果正常卵巢和卵巢良性肿瘤间,p27和Cyclin D1的各自表达无明显差异;p27在正常卵巢组织和卵巢良性上皮肿瘤中高表达,在卵巢癌中表达降低(P<0.05),且随着肿瘤分级、分期增高(恶性程度增高),阳性表达率逐渐下降;而Cyclin D1的表达则相反;两者在肿瘤中的表达呈负相关.结论 p27kip表达下降、Cyclin D1过表达可能在卵巢癌的发生中起重要作用,检测p27kip1、Cyclin D1在卵巢癌中的表达可预测肿瘤生物学行为特征,可以作为判断预后的指标.     

YAP蛋白核过表达与卵巢癌腹膜及淋巴结转移的相关性分析

目的:探讨Yes相关蛋白(YAP)与卵巢癌腹膜及淋巴结转移的相关性。方法:选择148例原发性卵巢癌和30例正常卵巢石蜡切片标本,采用Western blot、免疫组化分析YAP蛋白在正常卵巢组织、非转移性卵巢癌组织及转移性卵巢癌组织中的表达,分析YAP蛋白在卵巢癌组织中的表达与临床病理特征的关系,并应用单因素及多因素logistics分析卵巢癌腹膜和淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结果:YAP蛋白在正常卵巢组织、非转移性卵巢癌组织及转移性卵巢癌组织中的表达量依次增高,两两比较差异均有统计学差异(P0.05)。YAP蛋白核过表达与组织学分化、残余病灶、复发、腹膜转移以及淋巴结转移均显著相关(P0.05)。YAP蛋白核过表达是独立的影响卵巢癌腹膜(OR:5.443;95%CI:2.287-12.950;P0.001)和淋巴结转移(OR:4.477;95%CI:2.059-9.735;P0.001)的独立危险因素。结论:YAP基因核过表达与卵巢癌腹膜转移及淋巴结转移密切相关,有可能作为临床上预测卵巢癌腹膜及淋巴结转移的新的分子标记物。     

转录因子FOXM1在卵巢癌细胞中的表达及其对侵袭转移能力的影响

目的:研究上皮性卵巢癌细胞中FOXM1的表达,探讨FOXM1与MMP9之间的相关性以及与卵巢癌细胞侵袭、转移的关系。方法:采用Real-time RT-PCR、Western blotting技术检测pcDNA3.1-FOXM1和FOXM1-siRNA分别转染卵巢癌细胞株HO-8910(低转移)和HO-8910PM(高转移)前后FOXM1的表达水平,用Transwell方法检测转染该序列后HO-8910和HO-8910PM细胞侵袭能力的改变,并用荧光素酶双报告基因分析技术检测FOXM1对MMP9的调控作用。结果:与对照组和空载组相比,转染了pcDNA3.1-FOXM1的HO-8910细胞FOXM1 mRNA、蛋白表达显著升高,而转染了FOXM1-siRNA的高转移细胞株HO-8910PM FOXM1 mRNA、蛋白表达显著降低(P0.05);相对于空载体组和空白组,pcDNA3.1-FOXM1转染组细胞的侵袭能力明显增强,而FOXM1-siRNA转染细胞的侵袭能力明显降低(P0.05);FOXM1参与对MMP9的转录调控作用(P0.05)。结论:FOXM1可能是一个潜在的治疗靶点,通过下调FOXM1的表达,从而抑制卵巢癌的浸袭和转移。     

NID1促进人卵巢癌细胞OVCAR-3侵袭转移及分子机制的研究

Nidogen-1(NID1)是新发现的一个候选卵巢癌诊断标志物,该研究旨在初探其在卵巢癌细胞中的生物学功能。首先构建稳定过表达外源NID1的人卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR-3,然后采用划痕实验和Transwell迁移和侵袭实验检测细胞的迁移侵袭能力,并通过荧光定量PCR和Western blot检测细胞中上皮–间质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)相关蛋白和ERK/MAPK通路蛋白的表达情况。结果显示,与空载细胞相比,稳定过表达NID1的OVCAR-3细胞其划痕愈合能力、细胞迁移和侵袭能力均明显增强。较之空载细胞的上皮细胞样外形,稳定过表达NID1的OVCAR-3细胞呈间质细胞样外形,其上皮细胞标志分子E-cadherin表达下调,间质细胞标志分子(包括Vimentin和N-cadherin)和EMT相关转录因子Twist-2表达上调。此外,稳定过表达NID1的OVCAR-3细胞中ERK1/2的磷酸化水平升高,经ERK/MAPK通路的抑制剂U0126下调ERK1/2的磷酸化水平后其Ecadherin、Vimentin、N-cadherin和Twist-2表达水平出现逆转。这些结果提示,NID1可能通过激活ERK/MAPK通路促进卵巢癌细胞的EMT过程,进而增强其侵袭转移的能力。     

DKK-1 与肝脏恶性肿瘤的相关研究进展

肝脏恶性肿瘤包括原发性肝癌、继发性肝癌、肝母细胞瘤、肝脏淋巴瘤、肝脏血管内皮细胞肉瘤、纤维板层肝细胞癌、肝脏未分化胚胎肉瘤等发生在肝脏的恶性病变。其中原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer,PLC)是临床上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一。PLC在我国的发病人数占全球的55%,是我国第二个最常见的癌症死亡原因。由于肝脏恶性肿瘤具有隐匿性强、恶性程度高,病情进展快的特点,很多患者就诊时已到疾病中晚期,即使采取多学科综合治疗,预后也很不理想。因此,美国肝病研究学会(AASLD)和卫生部制定的《原发性肝癌诊疗规范(2011年版)》特别强调了早期筛查和早期监测对提高患者生存时间和生存质量的作用。甲胎蛋白(AFP)联合影像学检查是目前筛查肝脏恶性肿瘤的主要方法,但是AFP和影像学检查尚缺乏足够的敏感性和特异性,尤其对于早期癌症的诊断而言。DKK-1(dickkopf-1)是近年来由德国科学家新发现的一种分泌型糖蛋白。DKK-1与肝脏恶性肿瘤,尤其与原发性肝癌的早期诊断和预后判断关系密切,是最值得期待的肿瘤诊断标志物之一。本文谨对DKK-1的分子生物学特点、在恶性肿瘤中的表达以及与肝脏恶性肿瘤的关系进行综述,探讨其作为肝癌诊断蛋白标志物的研究现状及临床应用前景。     

HMP19 is a new metastasis suppressor in epithelial ovarian cancer

HMP19 is a neuron-specific gene; its expression product belongs to a family of neuronal proteins which can be found in numerous kinds of human cancers. However, the clinicopathological significance of HMP19 expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is as yet unknown. In this study, protein expression levels of HMP19 in cancerous tissues were determined by tissue microarray immunohistochemistry analysis (TMA-IHC) (n = 117). HMP19 protein levels in cancer tissues were associated with clinical characteristics and overall survival rates of patients with EOC. It was found that both mRNA and protein levels of HMP19 were significantly lower in EOC than those in normal ovary or fallopian tube tissues (P<0.05). The protein expression level of HMP19 was significantly associated with a lower FIGO stage, a lower level of CA-125 and a lower presence of metastasis. Consistent with related adverse clinical pathological features, the overall survival (OS) rate of patients with low or non HMP19-expressing tumors was inferior compared to those with high HMP19-expressing tumors. This is in accordance with further studies that found high HMP19 protein level to be an independent prognostic factor for OS in EOC. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that tumor patients with low HMP19 expression had an exceedingly poor OS. HMP19 plays a role in metastasis/tumor suppression and offers a prognostic value for EOC. HMP19, as a new inhibitor, strongly inhibits metastasis and partially attenuates tumor growth in EOC.     

DKK-1和MMP-14在口腔鳞癌中的表达及其意义

目的:研究DKK-1蛋白和MMP-14蛋白在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达和临床意义。方法:选择口腔鳞癌石蜡标本62例作为实验组,25例正常口腔黏膜组织作为对照组。应用免疫组织化学法检测其DKK-1和MMP-14蛋白的表达,并分析二者与口腔鳞癌患者临床病理特征之间的关系及二者表达的相关性。结果:实验组DKK-1的阳性表达率为40.32%,明显低于对照组中(68%),而MMP-14的阳性表达率(72.58%)明显高于对照组(24%)(P0.05)。DKK-1和MMP-14的表达水平与口腔鳞癌的分期、淋巴结转移及分化程度有显著相关(P0.05)。口腔鳞癌组织中DKK-1和MMP-14蛋白的表达呈显著负相关(r=-0.600,P0.05)。结论:口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中DKK-1的表达下调,MMP-14的表达上调,二者可能参与了OSCC的发生和发展过程,并有望用于口腔鳞状细胞癌的病情和预后评估。     

The role of EMMPRIN expression in ovarian epithelial carcinomas

Purpose: Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) was reported to involve in the invasion and metastasis of malignancies by regulating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in stromal and cancer cells. The study aimed to clarify the role of EMMPRIN expression in tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian epithelial carcinomas.

Methods: EMMPRIN siRNA were transfected into ovarian carcinoma cells with the phenotypes and their related molecules examined. EMMPRIN expression was determined in ovarian normal tissue, benign and borderline tumors, and epithelial carcinomas by real-time PCR, western blot, and immunohistochemisty.

Results: EMMPRIN siRNA treatment resulted in a lower growth, G₁ arrest, apoptotic induction, decreased migration, and invasion. The transfectants showed reduced expression of Wnt5a, Akt, p70s6k, Bcl-xL, survivin, VEGF, and MMP-9 than mock and control cells at both mRNA and protein levels. According to real-time PCR and western blot, EMMPRIN mRNA or protein level was higher in ovarian borderline tumor and carcinoma than normal ovary and benign tumors (P < 0.05), and positively correlated with dedifferentiation and FIGO staging (P < 0.05). Immuhistochemically, EMMPRIN expression was positively correlated with FIGO staging, dedifferentiation, Ki-67 expression, the lower cumulative and relapse-free survival rate (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Upregulated expression of EMMPRIN protein and mRNA might be involved in the pathogenesis, differentiation, and progression of ovarian carcinomas, possibly by modulating cellular events, such as proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion.     

LDH影像分级与DKK-1的负相关可能与Wnt信号通路的调控有关

本研究选择了100例腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disk herniation, LDH)患者为观察组,以同期健康体检者20例为对照组,采用Western blotting法检测血清中Dickkopf相关蛋白1 (dickkopf-related protein 1, DKK-1)的表达水平,用ELISA法检测两组血清中DKK-1含量,试图分析血清中DKK-1与LDH影像学分级的相关性及其作用机理。研究结果显示,LDH患者的血清中DKK-1含量水平明显低于正常对照组。Western blotting法检测发现LDH患者影像分级与DKK-1的蛋白水平呈负相关;而ELISA法检测也证实LDH患者影像分级与DKK-1水平呈负相关。LDH患者影像分级与Wnt信号通路相关蛋白β-catenin呈正相关。本研究初步说明,腰椎间盘突出症影像分级与DKK-1水平呈负相关,而该相关性与Wnt信号通路的相关蛋白β-catenin调控有关。     

Galectin-1 overexpression promotes progression and chemoresistance to cisplatin in epithelial ovarian cancer

This study was performed to investigate the role of galectin-1 (Gal-1) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression and chemoresistance. Tissue samples from patients with EOC were used to examine the correlation between Gal-1 expression and clinical stage of EOC. The role of Gal-1 in EOC progression and chemoresistance was evaluated in vitro by siRNA-mediated knockdown of Gal-1 or lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Gal-1 in EOC cell lines. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying Gal-1-mediated tumor progression and chemoresistance, the expression and activities of some signaling molecules associated with Gal-1 were analyzed. We found overexpression of Gal-1 in advanced stages of EOC. Knockdown of endogenous Gal-1 in EOC cells resulted in the reduction in cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro, which may be caused by Gal-1''s interaction with H-Ras and activation of the Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and c-Jun were downregulated in Gal-1-knockdown cells. Notably, Gal-1 overexpression could significantly decrease the sensitivities of EOC cells to cisplatin, which might be ascribed to Gal-1-induced activation of the H-Ras/Raf/ERK pathway and upregulation of p21 and Bcl-2. Taken together, the results suggest that Gal-1 contributes to both tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance in EOC. Thus, Gal-1 is a potential therapeutic target for EOC.     

Roles of metformin-mediated girdin expression in metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer

Antimetastatic effect of Metformin has been documented in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Presently, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of Metformin in EOC metastasis. First, Girdin was significantly enhanced in EOC tumorous tissues and cell lines. Seconded, knockdown of Girdin significantly suppressed EOC cell viability, migration, and invasion, while upregulation of Girdin produced the opposite effects in vitro and facilitated lung metastasis in EOC cell xenograft in vivo. In addition, we confirmed that the inhibitory effect of Metformin on Girdin expression. Mechanistically, the oncogenic effects of Girdin could be reversed by LY294002 (an AKT pathway inhibitor) and Metformin. These results suggested that Metformin attenuated EOC metastasis through Girdin and targeting Girdin may be a promising therapeutic strategy for EOC in the future.     

High neuropilin and tolloid‐like 1 expression associated with metastasis and poor survival in epithelial ovarian cancer via regulation of actin cytoskeleton

Abnormal expression of neuropilin and tolloid‐like 1 (NETO1) has been detected in some human carcinomas. However, the expression of NETO1 and the underlying mechanism in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remain unknown. In this study, we found that a higher NETO1 expression in EOC tissue samples compared to normal ovarian tissue samples was significantly correlated with worse overall survival. Additionally, Cox regression analysis suggested that NETO 1 was independently associated with overall survival. NETO1 overexpression enhanced the EOC cells’ migration and invasion capability in vitro via regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Mechanistically, silencing NETO1 reduced the expression of β‐tubulin, F‐actin and KIF2A. In conclusion, our results demonstrated the critical role of NETO1 in EOC invasion, and therapies aimed at inhibiting its expression or activity might significantly control EOC growth, invasion and metastatic dissemination.     

Transforming growth factor-beta1-dependent activation of Smad2/3 and up-regulation of PAI-1 expression is negatively regulated by Src in SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells

The net balance between urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) has been implicated in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. To elucidate the mechanism of the transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-dependent up-regulation of PAI-1 expression, we investigated which signaling pathway transduced by TGF-beta1 is responsible for this effect. Here, we show (1) nontoxic concentrations of TGF-beta1 up-regulates uPA expression in HRA and SKOV-3 human ovarian cancer cells, (2) TGF-beta1 activates Smads (phosphorylation of Smad2 and nuclear translocation of Smad3) and subsequently up-regulates PAI-1 expression in HRA cells, whereas TGF-beta1 neither activates Smads nor up-regulates PAI-1 in SKOV-3 cells, (3) pharmacological Src inhibitor PP2 or antisense (AS) c-Src oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) treatment significantly induces TGF-beta1-dependent activation of Smads, leading to PAI-1 synthesis, compared with controls, in SKOV-3 cells, (4) combination of TGF-beta1 and PP2, which activates PAI-1 expression and reduces uPA expression in SKOV-3, results in decreased invasiveness, (5) pharmacological inhibitors for mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (PD98059) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) (LY294002 and wortmannin) or AS-PI3K ODN transfection do not affect TGF-beta1-induced Smad signaling and up-regulation of PAI-1 expression in SKOV-3 cells pretreated with PP2, and (6) the induction of PAI-1 protein was partially inhibited by an inhibitor of Sp1-DNA binding, mithramycin, implicating, at least in part, Sp1 in the regulation of this gene by TGF-beta1. In conclusion, TGF-beta1-dependent activation of Smad2/3, leading to PAI-1 synthesis, may be negatively regulated by Src, but not its downstream targets MAPK and PI3K in SKOV-3 cells. These data also reflect the complex biological effect of uPA-PAI-1 system.     

BRCA1 185delAG mutation inhibits Akt-dependent, IAP-mediated caspase 3 inactivation in human ovarian surface epithelial cells

BRCA1 mutations have long been associated with altered apoptosis. We have recently reported that caspase 3 activation is increased in human ovarian surface epithelial (OSE) cells expressing a germline N-terminal BRCA1 185delAG mutation. Here, we report increased caspase 3 activity in 185delAG OSE cells associated with decreased expression of cIAP-1 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), and decreased ubiquitination of caspase 3. Overexpression of XIAP restored active caspase 3 ubiquitination and lowered levels of caspase 3 activity. Further, the BRCA1 185delAG mutation was associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated Akt1. Transfection with activated Akt1 led to increased cIAP-1 and XIAP levels similar to that seen in BRCA1 185delAG cell lines. Taken together, these data suggest a direct link between the BRCA1 185delAG mutation and alterations in the caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway.