大黄素、大黄酸对平滑肌细胞增殖抑制作用研究

采用ＭＴＴ法（四氮唑法）及流式细胞技术测定大黄素、大黄酸对平滑肌细胞增殖抑制作用。结果显示,大黄素抑制平滑肌细胞增殖的有效剂量范围为其血药浓度的２５～１２５倍;大黄酸有效剂量范围为其血药浓度的１２．５～７５倍。大黄素对平滑肌细胞增殖抑制率２４．６％～９４．５８％,大黄酸抑制率为１４．３８％～８５．６４％。流式细胞技术测定大黄素处理后的平滑肌细胞出现凋亡细胞峰,Ｓ期细胞减少。     

白细胞介素-10、白细胞介素-6对慢性肺源性心脏病预后评价的临床意义

目的:检测慢性肺源性心脏病患者血清白细胞介素-10和白细胞介素-6的水平,探讨细胞因子对慢性肺源性心脏病患者预后评价的临床意义。方法:将我院住院治疗的慢性肺源性心脏病患者40例,按照心功能情况分为肺源性心脏病组21例(对照组)和肺源性心脏病合并心力衰竭组19例(观察组),进行血清白介素-6、白介素-10定量检测。结果:观察组血清白介素-6水平较对照组明显升高,而白细胞介素-10却明显低于对照组(P值均<0.05)。结论:检测白细胞介素-6、白细胞介素-10的水平,可作为监测肺源性心脏病心功能恶化的预测指标。     

白介素-1和血小板源性生长因子对血管平滑肌细胞基质金属蛋白酶-1表达的影响

目的:观察白介素-1(IL-1)和血小板源性生长因子(PDGF)对血管平滑肌细胞基质金属蛋白酶-1(MMP-1)表达的影响.方法:用RT-PCR法检测MMP-1的mRNA水平,用Western蛋白印迹法(Westcrr blot)检测MMP-1蛋白水平,采用电泳迁移率变动分析(EMSA)法测AP-1结合活性.结果:白介素-1(20μg/L)和PDGF(20 μg/L)联合使用使MMP-1的mRNA水平明显增高,显著增加MMP-1蛋白表达,提高AP-1结合活性.结论:白介素-1和血小板源性生长因子联合使用可刺激MMP-1生成.     

白细胞介素-6在肝再生中的作用

白细胞介素-6(IL-6)是一种多功能的细胞因子。近年来发现,它是启动肝细胞增殖的早期信号中不可缺少的组成部分,在肝再生中有重要作用。现对IL-6在肝再生中的作用及可能机制进行综述,为肝脏疾病的治疗提供新的思路。     

白介素-10抑制TNF-α诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖

研究观察了重组人白介素 10 (rhIL 10 )对肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF α)刺激的离体大鼠胸主动脉血管平滑肌细胞增殖、细胞周期及对p4 4 /p4 2丝裂素活化蛋白激酶的影响。实验培养大鼠主动脉血管平滑肌细胞 ,采用MTS/PES法确定血管平滑肌细胞 (vascularsmoothmusclecells,VSMCs)的增殖状态 ;应用流式细胞术测定细胞周期 ;利用p4 4 / 4 2磷酸化抗MAPK抗体的蛋白免疫印迹法测定MAPK蛋白表达。结果显示 :( 1)TNF α处理组与对照组相比 ,TNF α对VSMC增殖具有明显的刺激作用 (P <0 0 5 )。rhIL 10单独应用对VSMCs生长没有影响 (P >0 0 5 )。在TNF α刺激下 ,低至 10ng/ml的rhIL 10可抑制VSMCs的生长 (P <0 0 5 )。流式细胞术测定的结果显示 ,rhIL 10分别可使TNF α作用下的VSMC大部分处于G0 /G1期 ,与对照组相比有明显差异 (P <0 0 1)。 ( 2 )TNF α对p4 4 /p4 2MAPK蛋白表达有显著的增强作用 ,此作用可被rhIL 10抑制。结果提示 ,rhIL 10可抑制TNF α诱导的VSMC增殖及p4 4 /p4 2丝裂素活化蛋白激酶的表达     

多发性骨髓瘤与白细胞介素-6

白细胞介素-6是多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)瘤细胞生长和生存的关键因子,也是MM患者发病的主要因子。IL-6/IL-6R系统通过不同通路影响多发性骨髓瘤瘤细胞生长并导致患者骨损害、类风湿性关节炎等一系列并发症。针对IL-6/IL-6R系统的治疗方法将给MM的治疗带来重大的进展。     

白细胞介素对大鼠离体垂体前叶细胞增殖的影响

本工作采用大鼠垂体前叶（ＡＰ）细胞原代培养方法,以３ＨＴｄＲ掺入率反映细胞增殖水平,研究了ＩＬ１和ＩＬ６对ＡＰ细胞增殖的影响。结果表明：（１）ＩＬ１（１－１００ｎｇ／ｍｌ）促进雄性大鼠和雌性大鼠ＡＰ细胞的增殖。（２）低浓度的ＩＬ６（０．１ｎｇ／ｍｌ）抑制雄性大鼠的ＡＰ细胞的增殖,而较高浓度的ＩＬ６（１－１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ）则表现为刺激作用。（３）ＩＬ６（０．１－１０ｎｇ／ｍｌ）促进雌性大鼠ＡＰ细胞的增殖。上述结果说明ＩＬ１和ＩＬ６除直接调控ＡＰ细胞的分泌外,也参与调节ＡＰ细胞增殖活动。     

高糖环境下持续性牵张力对子宫平滑肌细胞白介素-1和白介素-6表达的影响

目的:探讨高糖环境下持续性牵张力对大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)表达的影响。方法:体外培养大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞,高糖作用不同时间后,观察高糖状态下大鼠子宫平滑肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达变化情况。对高糖状态下的肌细胞施加持续性牵张力,明确牵张力对肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达的影响以及高糖和牵张力之间的协同作用,同时采用晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)抑制剂拮抗高糖作用作为参照,并对结果进行分析。结果:随着高糖作用时间增加,肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达也随之升高。牵张力也可促进肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达增加,并可与高糖状态产生协同作用,这一过程可被高糖抑制剂部分阻断,但不能完全阻断。结论:高糖状态及牵张力均可促进肌细胞IL-1、IL-6表达增加,并有一定协同作用,AGEs参与了这一过程,但并不是唯一途径。     

高等植物葡萄糖-6- 磷酸脱氢酶与6- 磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因的不同进化起源

葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶与6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶是植物戊糖磷酸途径中的两个关键酶。在克隆了水稻质体葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因OsG6PDH2和质体6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶基因Os6PGDH2基础上,分析比较了水稻胞质和质体葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因的基因结构、表达特性和进化地位。结合双子叶模式植物拟南芥两种酶基因的分析结果,认为高等植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶基因和6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因在进化方式上截然不同,葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶的胞质基因与动物和真菌等真核生物具有共同的祖先;6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶的胞质酶和质体酶基因都起源于原核生物的内共生。讨论了植物葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶与6-磷酸葡萄糖酸脱氢酶基因可能的进化模式,为高等植物及质体的进化起源提供了新的资料。     

阿德福韦对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清白介素-6、12和18水平的影响及疗效观察

目的探讨阿德福韦对慢性乙型肝炎患者血清白介素（IL）-6、12和18水平的影响及疗效观察。方法选择70例慢性乙型肝炎患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均予以门冬氨酸钾镁、还原型谷胱苷肽和复方甘草酸苷等常规保肝治疗。对照组加用干扰素α-2b治疗5 000 000 U,肌注,1次/d,10 d后改为隔日1次,连用6个月。观察组加用阿德福韦酯片10 mg/次,1次/d,连用6个月。观察两组患者治疗前后血清IL-6、IL-12、IL-18水平的变化,并进行抗病毒疗效比较。结果治疗6个月后,两组患者血清IL-6、IL-12、IL-18水平均有明显下降（P〈0.01或P〈0.05）,且观察组比对照组下降的幅度更明显（P〈0.05）。治疗6个月后,观察组抗病毒治疗的疗效明显高于对照组（χ2=4.16,P〈0.05）。结论阿德福韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎的抗病毒治疗的疗效确切,能抑制细胞因子IL-6、IL-12、IL-18的作用,从而阻止肝纤维化的进展。     

Interleukin-6 stimulates c-myc expression and proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

The effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine recently found to be secreted by monocytes and macrophages, on c-myc expression and proliferation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were investigated. Treatment with IL-6 caused rapid increase in the c-myc mRNA level of VSMC. It also stimulated DNA synthesis and proliferation of the cells significantly and dose-dependently at concentrations of more than 10 U/ml. These results suggest that IL-6 may be important in the proliferation of VSMC, which is a key event in the development of arteriosclerosis, as a factor mediating immune cell-VSMC interaction.     

Effects of cholesterol oxidase on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells

Summary Cholesterol oxidase (3-hydroxy-steroid oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to 4-cholesten-3 one and other oxidized cholesterol derivatives. The purpose of the present study was to investigate its effects on cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. Cultured rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells were morphologically altered after exposure to cholesterol oxidase in the presence of culture medium containing 10% fetal calf serum. If fetal calf serum was absent, cells were unaffected by the treatment. The extent of morphological change of the smooth muscle cells was dependent upon the time of exposure to the enzyme and the concentration of cholesterol oxidase employed. After moderate treatment with cholesterol oxidase, cells excluded trypan blue. Further, a specific mitochondrial marker DASPMI (dimethyl aminostyryl-methyl-pyridiniumiodine) which was used as a fluorescent index of cell viability, revealed that cell viability was unchanged after moderate cholesterol oxidase treatment. Nile red, a hydrophobic probe which selectively stains intracellular lipid droplets, was applied to detect the cellular lipid content after treatment with cholesterol oxidase. Cellular nile red fluorescence intensity increased linearly with the time and concentration of cholesterol oxidase treatment. These results demonstrate that cholesterol oxidase alters lipid deposition in the cell and changes cell morphology. The primary site of action of cholesterol oxidase appears to be independent of the cell membrane itself and instead is dependent upon the lipid content in the surrounding culture media. These changes occur prior to the cytotoxic effects of extensive oxidation. Because oxidized cholesterol may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, our results have implications for intracellular accumulation of lipids in smooth muscle cells during the atherosclerotic lesion.     

Statins inhibit in vitro calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells induced by inflammatory mediators

Although lipid-lowering therapy with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) decreases the progression of coronary artery and aortic valve calcification, the mechanism of action of these drugs to inhibit the calcification process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of statins such as cerivastatin and atorvastatin on vascular calcification by utilizing an in vitro model of inflammatory vascular calcification. Cerivastatin and atorvastatin dose-dependently inhibited in vitro calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) induced by the following inflammatory mediators (IM): interferon-gamma, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and oncostatin M. These statins also depressed expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in HVSMCs induced by these factors. Mevalonate and geranylgeranylpyrophosphate reversed the inhibitory effect of cerivastatin on ALP expression in HVSMCs, while farnesylpyrophosphate showed no effect on the ALP activities inhibited by this drug, suggesting that inhibition of Rho and its downstream target, Rho kinase may mediate the inhibitory effect of cerivastatin. Cerivastatin prevented RhoA activation in HVSMCs induced by the IM. A specific inhibitor of Rho kinase (Y-27632) inhibited in vitro calcification and induction of ALP in HVSMCs. These findings provide a possible mechanism of statins to prevent the progression of calcification in inflammatory vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiac valvular calcification.     

UV-C照射诱导体外血管平滑肌细胞凋亡模型的建立

应用常规细胞培养超净台紫外消毒灯（２２０Ｗ,２２０Ｖ,５０Ｈｚ）发射的ＵＶ－Ｃ波段的紫外光源（２５４ｎｍ）,垂直照射距离其１０ｃｍ处的大鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞,发现经照射后细胞出现典型的凋亡形态学改变,如细胞变圆,染色质浓缩,细胞膜出泡,出现凋亡小体等;细胞面积,核面积及核／胞面积比均显著降低;且提取细胞ＤＮＡ的琼脂糖凝胶电泳呈现梯状图谱。从形态学和生化指标方面证明了ＵＶ－Ｃ照射可诱导体外血管ＳＭＣｓ     

Nucleolin regulates the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerotic via Aurora B

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a significant role in atherosclerosis. As a multifunctional protein, nucleolin (NCL) is involved in many important physiological and pathological processes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of nucleolin in VSMCs proliferation and cell cycle. The expression of nucleolin increased in VSMCs of mice with aortas advanced plaques. With the left common carotid-artery ligation-injury model, immunofluorescence staining revealed that nucleolin and Ki67 expression increased in VSMCs in mice left carotid artery compared with right carotid artery after surgery. POVPC or ox-LDL up-regulated nucleolin mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HAVSMCs. POVPC (5μg/ml) or ox-LDL (50μg/ml) promoted the proliferation of HAVSMCs. Nucleolin ablation relieved the pro-proliferation role of VSMCs. The cell cycle assay and cell ability results showing that POVPC or ox-LDL increased the proliferation, but nucleolin ablation inhibited the proliferation of HAVSMCs. And nucleolin ablation can prevent DNA replication at S phase and induce cell cycle arrest in S phase. The bioinformatics database predicts protein-protein interactions with nucleolin and aurora B. Nucleolin overexpression and ablation affected the expression of aurora B. These findings indicate for the first time that nucleolin actively involved the proliferation of VSMCs via aurora B.     

Statins activate GATA-6 and induce differentiated vascular smooth muscle cells

The beneficial effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) beyond cholesterol lowering involve their direct actions on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the effects of statins on phenotypic modulation of VSMCs are unknown. We herein show that simvastatin (Sm) and atorvastatin (At) inhibited DNA synthesis in human aortic VSMCs dose-dependently, while cell toxicity was not observed below the concentration of 1 μM of Sm or 100 nM of At. Stimulating proliferative VSMCs with Sm or At induced the expression of SM-α-actin and SM-MHC, highly specific markers of differentiated phenotype. Sm up-regulated the binding activity of GATA-6 to SM-MHC GATA site and activated the transfected SM-MHC promoter in proliferative VSMCs, while mutating the GATA-6 binding site abolished this activation. Geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (10 μM), an inhibitor of Rho family proteins, abolished the statin-mediated induction of the differentiated phenotype in VSMCs. These findings suggest that statins activate GATA-6 and induce differentiated VSMCs.     

胰岛素增强糖基化白蛋白对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞的促增殖作用

在糖尿病性大血管病变的发病过程中,高血糖以及晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end products,AGEs）、脂质异常和高胰岛素血症的相互作用较其单独作用可能更重要。本研究采用糖基化白蛋白（glycated serum albumin,GSA）模拟AGEs,观察胰岛素和GSA对大鼠血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells,VSMCs）的增殖是否存在协同作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。采用组织贴块法分离培养大鼠VSMCs。经过或不经过各种丝裂原激活蛋白激酶（mitogen-activated protein kinases．MAPKs）抑制剂和氧自由基清除剂N-acetylcysteine（NAC）处理后,加入不同浓度的胰岛素、GSA或GSA＋胰岛素,用MTT法和细胞计数法检测VSMCs的增殖。采用Western blot检测p38MAPK和C-Jun N-terminal kinase1／2（JNK1／2）的磷酸化。结果显示,GSA和胰岛素联合作用促进p38MAPK的磷酸化,而对JNK1／2的磷酸化无明显影响。GSA和胰岛素均可促进VSMCs增殖,而且两者具有协同作用。p38MAPK抑制剂SB203580和NAC可以抑制GSA和胰岛素联合作用引起的VSMCs增殖。以上结果提示,胰岛素和GSA对促进VSMCs增殖有协同作用,这可能是通过氧化应激敏感的p38MAPK通路实现的。胰岛素和AGEs的协同作用在糖尿病性动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄的发病过程中可能起重要作用。     

白藜芦醇对AngⅡ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞CaN的影响

目的：观察白藜芦醇（Res）对血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）诱导的血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）增殖及细胞中钙调蛋白（CaM）和钙调神经磷酸酶（CaN）活性的影响,并探讨其机制。方法：体外培养兔主动脉VSMCs,用免疫细胞化学方法鉴定。建立AngⅡ诱导的VSMCs增殖模型。取生长良好的第4～8代VSMCs,随机分为对照组,AnsⅡ组（0．1μmol／L）,AngⅡ＋Res组（20,40,80,160）μmol／L。应用MTT法检测细胞增殖程度,考马斯亮兰法进行CaM定量,定磷法进行CaN活性测定。结果：成功培养兔VSMCs并传代,免疫细胞化学染色均呈阳性表达。AngⅡ组VSMCs的增殖程度、CaM和CaN活性较对照组增高（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。AngⅡ＋Res组各组VSMCs的CaM和CaN活性较AngⅡ组显著下降（P〈0．01）。结论：在一定范围内,Res可降低AngⅡ诱导的VSMCs增殖程度,其机制可能与干预CaN依赖的信号转导途径有关。     

Role of PCK2 in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in neointimal hyperplasia

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a hallmark of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) in atherosclerosis and restenosis post-balloon angioplasty and stent insertion. Although numerous cytotoxic and cytostatic therapeutics have been developed to reduce NIH, it is improbable that a multifactorial disease can be successfully treated by focusing on a preconceived hypothesis. We, therefore, aimed to identify key molecules involved in NIH via a hypothesis-free approach. We analyzed four datasets ({"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE28829","term_id":"28829"}}GSE28829, {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE43292","term_id":"43292"}}GSE43292, {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE100927","term_id":"100927"}}GSE100927, and {"type":"entrez-geo","attrs":{"text":"GSE120521","term_id":"120521"}}GSE120521), evaluated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in wire-injured femoral arteries of mice, and determined their association with VSMC proliferation in vitro. Moreover, we performed RNA sequencing on platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated human VSMCs (hVSMCs) post-phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) knockdown and investigated pathways associated with PCK2. Finally, we assessed NIH formation in Pck2 knockout (KO) mice by wire injury and identified PCK2 expression in human femoral artery atheroma. Among six DEGs, only PCK2 and RGS1 showed identical expression patterns between wire-injured femoral arteries of mice and gene expression datasets. PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation was attenuated when hVSMCs were transfected with PCK2 siRNA. RNA sequencing of PCK2 siRNA-treated hVSMCs revealed the involvement of the Akt-FoxO-PCK2 pathway in VSMC proliferation via Akt2, Akt3, FoxO1, and FoxO3. Additionally, NIH was attenuated in the wire-injured femoral artery of Pck2-KO mice and PCK2 was expressed in human femoral atheroma. PCK2 regulates VSMC proliferation in response to vascular injury via the Akt-FoxO-PCK2 pathway. Targeting PCK2, a downstream signaling mediator of VSMC proliferation, may be a novel therapeutic approach to modulate VSMC proliferation in atherosclerosis.