医用直线加速器治疗床对放疗剂量影响的研究

目的探讨西门子医用直线加速器治疗床对放疗剂量影响的研究。方法将固体水模固定在治疗床中心处,改变加速器机臂的角度,从不同角度照射并用剂量仪进行比对测量,计算出治疗床不同床板对放疗剂量的衰减因子。结果西门子医用直线加速器治疗床中有机玻璃床头板对剂量的衰减在1．5～20．5％,有机玻璃床体板对剂量的衰减在1．9—38．6％,有机玻璃网状窗体板对剂量的衰减在0．18～12．3％。结论放射治疗时正后野180。左右时应选用网状板或有机玻璃床头板,在后侧斜野110。～130。和230。～250。区间最好用床尾板,并对相应剂量做出修正与补偿,而治疗床的主支撑架及金属边柜对剂量的衰减高达12．3～38．6％,而床头延伸板对剂量的衰减在1．1～5．5％之间,因此头部的肿瘤应选此延伸板治疗。因此在治疗计划设计与实施过程中应避免射线束直接穿过主支撑架与金属边框。     

转录因子研究方法进展

转录因子是可直接或间接与顺式作用元件相结合,调控靶基因转录效率的一组蛋白质。随着近年来对转录因子关注度的提高,转录因子的研究方法也越来越多,并朝着高灵敏度、高准确性及高通量的方向不断发展。本文主要从转录因子的结构特征及其研究方法两方面进行综述,重点对EMSA、Y1H、双荧光素酶报告基因检测、Ch IP-seq、Ch IP-chip、互作微孔板芯片等技术的基本原理、优缺点和应用进行阐述,以期为后续转录因子的鉴定、功能分析及靶基因研究提供理论和技术上的参考。     

转录因子结合位点的计算预测方法研究进展

转录因子结合位点的计算预测是研究基因转录调控的重要环节,但现有算法的预测特异性偏低.在深入分析转录因子结合位点生物特征的基础上,对当前基于保守模体和基于比较基因组学的两类计算预测方法进行了综述,指出了方法各自的优点和不足,并探讨了可能的改进方向.     

植物转录因子最新研究方法

转录因子可以调控众多下游基因的表达,在植物的生长发育、代谢及对外界环境的反应中起着重要作用。我们结合近年来植物转录因子的研究进展,归纳分析了高等植物转录因子研究的主要策略和最新的技术方法,并从生物信息学分析、瞬间转化技术的应用、突变体表型分析及调控网络等几个方面进行了全面阐述,为植物转录因子的预测、功能鉴定及靶基因分析等相关研究提供理论和方法的参考。     

基于压缩感知和散斑相关法的散射介质成像方法研究

散射介质成像是生物医学成像领域的一个重要研究方向,对生物医学临床的诊断有着重大的意义。结合散斑相关法和压缩感知技术,提出了一种散射介质成像方法。该方法与传统散射介质成像方法相比,将减少图像采集、图像重建所记录的数据量,提高图像处理的效率,并且降低了系统的搭建成本。试验结果表明,结合TVAL3信号重构算法和双谱分析法的散射图像重建算法,随着采样率的增大,峰值信噪比平稳上升,为散射介质成像方法在生物医学成像领域的运用提供了一种有效方案。     

植物非生物胁迫相关转录因子研究方法

转录因子是一类能够与启动子区域顺式作用元件特异性结合的蛋白质,是一大类转录调控因子,也是植物中最大的基因家族之一。转录因子可以调节众多下游基因的表达,对植物的生长发育、形态建成、激素调节,以及抵抗多种生物和非生物胁迫具有重要作用。结合近年来转录因子的研究进展,归纳总结了植物非生物胁迫相关转录因子研究的主要策略和方法,包括转录因子结构域、亚细胞定位、转录激活作用、转录因子复合体以及转录因子功能的研究,为植物转录因子的相关研究提供理论和方法的参考。     

寄生植物锁阳种子萌发方法及愈伤组织、初生吸器诱导研究

专性寄生植物锁阳以干燥肉质茎入药,为常用中药材。在锁阳的生活史中,需要经历种子萌发、芽管状器管伸长、初生吸器形成、次生吸器形成等过程,其中种子萌发和初生吸器形成是锁阳完成生活史的最基本条件。目前,触发锁阳种子萌发、初生吸器形成的植物生长调节物质的阈值和种类并不清楚,导致人工调控锁阳生活史困难及栽培收益不高。本论文运用组织培养方法,研究赤霉素、生长素和细胞分类素等多种激素交互作用对锁阳种子萌发和吸器形成的影响。研究结果显示：（1）多种激素的共同作用促进锁阳球形原胚的发育。（2）B₅培养基添加1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D,0.5 mg·L^-1 KT,1.0 mg·L^-1 GA₃可以高效诱导锁阳种子愈伤组织形成,愈伤诱导率达13.7％±3.1%。（3）B₅培养基添加0.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D,0.25 mg·L^-1 KT可以高效诱导锁阳愈伤组织分化初生吸器,一些初生吸器继续分化成芽管状气管,延伸3~4 cm后,顶端膨大,形成新的初生吸器。本论文研究结果可为进一步研究锁阳种子萌发、初生吸器形成的内源激素变化规律及发生机制研究奠定基础。     

恒pH葡萄糖流加方法培养重组大肠杆菌生产人肿瘤坏死因子-α及其动力学研究

研究了一种新型的流加方法──恒pH流加葡萄糖法,用于培养重组大肠杆菌生产人肿瘤坏死因子-α。流加后培养液中菌体OD(600)达到9．0,是在LB培养基培养的15倍,而α-肿瘤坏死因子的比活保持（1．05±0．11）×105u/mg,并建立了菌体生长的动力学方程。     

The effect of attenuation map,scatter energy window width,and volume of interest on the calibration factor calculation in quantitative 177Lu SPECT imaging: Simulation and phantom study

PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate the image degrading factors in quantitative ¹⁷⁷Lu SPECT imaging when using both main gamma photopeak energies.MethodsPhantom measurements with two different vials containing various calibrated activities in air or water were performed to derive a mean calibration factor (CF) for large and small volumes of interest (VOIs). In addition, Monte Carlo simulations were utilized to investigate the effect of scatter energy window width, scatter correction method, such as effective scatter source estimation (ESSE) and triple energy window (TEW), and attenuation map on the quantification of ¹⁷⁷Lu. Results: The measured mean CF using large and small VOIs in water was 4.50 ± 0.80 and 4.80 ± 0.72 cps MBq⁻¹, respectively. Simulations showed a reference CF of 3.3 cps MBq⁻¹ for the water-filled phantom considering all photons excluding scattered events. By using the attenuation map generated for 190 keV photons, the calculated CFs for 113 keV and 208 keV are 10% lower than by using the weighted mean energy of 175 keV for ¹⁷⁷Lu. The calculated CF using the TEW correction was 17% higher than using the ESSE method for a water-filled phantom. However, our findings showed that an appropriate scatter window combination can reduce this difference between TEW and ESSE methods.ConclusionsThe present work implies that choosing a suitable width of scatter energy windows can reduce uncertainties in radioactivity quantification. It is suggested to generate the attenuation map at 113 keV and 208 keV, separately. Furthermore, using small VOIs is suggested in CF calculation.     

Acute Regulation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Response to Nerve Growth Factor

PC12 cells possess specific receptors for both nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor, and by an unknown mechanism, nerve growth factor is able to attenuate the propagation of a mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor. The differentiation response of PC12 cells to nerve growth factor, therefore, predominates over the proliferative response to epidermal growth factor. We have observed that the addition of nerve growth factor to PC12 cells rapidly produces a decrease in surface 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity. Unlike previously described nerve growth factor effects on 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity, which required several days of nerve growth factor exposure, the decreases we report occur within minutes of nerve growth factor addition: A 50% decrease in 125I-epidermal growth factor binding capacity is evident at 10 min. This rapid nerve growth factor response is concentration dependent; inhibition of 125I-epidermal growth factor binding is detectable at nerve growth factor levels as low as 0.2 ng/ml and is maximal at approximately 50 ng/ml, consistent with known ranges of biological activity. No demonstrable differences in the rate of epidermal growth factor receptor synthesis or degradation were observed in cells acutely exposed to nerve growth factor. Scatchard analysis revealed that acute nerve growth factor treatment decreased the number of both high- and low-affinity 125I-epidermal growth factor binding sites, while the receptor affinity remained unchanged. We have also investigated the involvement of various potential intracellular mediators of nerve growth factor action and of known intracellular modulatory systems of the epidermal growth factor receptor for their capacity to participate in this nerve growth factor activity.     

A Simplified Newton Method for Computing the Factor Loadings in Maximum Likelihood Factor Analysis

A simplified Newton iteration scheme for computation of factor loadings in maximum likelihood factor analysis is described. It operates in the space of factor loadings and avoids eigenvalue problems. From this, a comparatively small computational effort results. Besides of the case of positive unique variances, also the Heywood case is considered, where some unique variances vanish. The ability of the proposed method is demonstrated in three examples, results and iteration process are compared with data given in literature.     

Selective Activation of Phospholipase Cγ1 and Distinct Protein Kinase C Subspecies in Intracellular Signaling by Hepatocyte Growth Factor/Scatter Factor in Primary Cultured Rat Neocortical Cells

Abstract: Hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF) was recently reported to function as a neurotrophic factor in the CNS. To investigate the intracellular signal pathways after activation of the HGF receptor c-Met in primary cultured rat neocortical cells, in vitro kinase assays were performed. HGF stimulation enhances the phosphorylation of endogenous 80- and 45-kDa substrates. Studies with protein kinase inhibitors and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate showed that protein kinase C (PKC) is activated intracellularly. The 80-kDa protein was identified to be the major PKC substrate MARCKS. Although four PKC subspecies, PKCα, PKCε, PKCγ, and PKCλ, were expressed in the cells, only PKCα, PKCε, and PKCγ were selectively translocated in the plasma membrane after HGF stimulation. As expected from these three PKC subspecies, phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase was enhanced, although the stimulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor induced phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In contrast to the neocortical cells, HGF did not enhance phosphorylation of PLCγ1 in primary astrocytes. We also found that activated PKC(s) served as a major mitogen-activated protein kinase activator in this pathway. These findings suggest that HGF exerts neurotrophic effects through selective phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and activation of distinct PKC subspecies in neocortical cells, most likely neurons.     

早孕因子研究进展

早孕因子既是一种微量蛋白又是一种妊娠相关蛋白,其纯品的获得尤为重要。简要论述了早孕因子的本质和功能,并就早孕因子在超早期妊娠诊断中的实际功能价值进行了深入探讨;结合早孕因子的国内外研究进展和生理生化特点提出了2种蛋白质提纯方案;针对当前早孕因子提纯及检测方法中存在的问题进行了讨论。     

注射用转移因子不同生产方法比较

比较从猪脾中提取活性转移因子的不同生产方法,以建立适合产业化的制造工艺。将猪脾匀浆后,分别冻融0、3、5次,再以超滤法或Lawence法提取转移因子。与lawrence法相比,经5次冻融并超滤制备的产品收率高,符合国家标准。匀浆冻融次数对转移因子的收率和质量有一定的影响,超滤法适合于转移因子的大规模生产。     

利用烟草表达人凝血IX因子(hFIX)的研究

血友病B是凝血IX因子(hFIX)缺乏所导致的一种出血性疾病,通过输血和hFIX浓缩剂进行治疗疗效显著,但存在治疗费用高和安全隐患,因而获得安全、廉价的人凝血IX因子对血友病B治疗具有重要意义。植物系统表达外源蛋白在生产成本和安全性方面具有优势。为此,构建含人凝血IX因子基因(hFIX,2.8kb)植物双元表达载体p35s2300∷gus∷noster,用农杆菌介导法转化烟草“百日红”,通过PCR和Southernblot分析证实获得4株独立转基因植株,hFIX在转基因烟草基因组中的拷贝数为1～4个;RTPCR和ELISA检测结果表明,hFIX在转录和翻译水平已成功表达,hFIX在转基因烟草叶片中的表达量为2.5～8.8ng/g·FW,并具有免疫活性。为利用植物系统表达hFIX的后续研究作了必要准备,也为利用植物系统表达其他药用蛋白研究提供了一些理论和实验参考。     

利用烟草表达人凝血IX因子 (hFIX)的研究

血友病B是凝血IX因子（hFIX）缺乏所导致的一种出血性疾病,通过输血和hFIX浓缩剂进行治疗疗效显著,但存在治疗费用高和安全隐患,因而获得安全、廉价的人凝血IX因子对血友病B治疗具有重要意义。植物系统表达外源蛋白在生产成本和安全性方面具有优势。为此,本研究构建含人凝血IX因子基因（hFIX,2.8kb）植物双元表达载体p35s-2300：：gus：：noster,用农杆菌介导法转化烟草 "百日红",通过PCR和Southern blot分析证实获得4株独立转基因植株, hFIX在转基因烟草基因组中的拷贝数为1-4个;RT-PCR和ELISA检测结果表明,hFIX在转录和翻译水平已成功表达,hFIX在转基因烟草叶片中的表达量为2.5~8.8ng/g·FW,并具有免疫活性。本研究为利用植物系统表达hFIX的后续研究作了必要准备,也为利用植物系统表达其他药用蛋白研究提供了一些理论和实验参考。     

一种简单快速测定Rubisco CO2／O2特异性因子的方法

提出了一种简单快速测定１,５－二磷酸核酮糖羧化／氧化酶ＣＯ２／Ｏ２特异性因子的方法。理论上改进了定量计算公式;操作上避免了使用放射性同位素标记以及层析分离３－磷酸甘油酸和２－磷酸乙醇酸的复杂程度,使测定过程一步完成,极大地减少了随机误差。讨论了实验数据（ｐＨ、温度、离子强度）的准确性对计算结果的影响。