簇生沿丝伞液体发酵培养及其发酵物体内抗肿瘤活性研究

采用中心组合旋转设计法确定了簇生沿丝伞液体深层培养菌丝体的最佳方案。采用H22荷瘤小鼠进行体内抗肿瘤试验,对簇生沿丝伞发酵物的抗肿瘤活性进行了探究。结果表明,当培养基配方为麦芽糖59.27g/L,蛋白胨:酵母粉=1:1为8.04g/L,磷酸二氢钾:硫酸镁:硫酸铵=1:1:1为2.27g/L时,生物量达到最高,为15.06g/L。簇生沿丝伞发酵物的抑瘤率与剂量存在明显的量效关系,200mg/kg时,抑瘤率达最高,为54.71%,且白细胞数和IL-2的含量与对照组相比均显著增高。     

沿丝伞属真菌化学成分与药理学研究概况

沿丝伞属Naematoloma P．Karst．隶属于担子菌门Basidiomycota伞菌目Agaricales球盖菇科Strophariaceae,全世界有20多个种,国内常见种有：丛生沿丝伞N．fasciculare、亚砖红沿丝伞N.sublateritium、橙黄沿丝伞N.capnoides、多鳞沿丝伞N.squamosum、褐黄韧伞N.epixanthum、     

抗烟草黄瓜花叶病毒多糖筛选及其对烟草防御酶活性的影响

[目的]筛选出对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病有良好抑制作用的多糖并探索其对烟叶防御酶活性的影响.[方法]采用半叶法,测定了安络小皮伞多糖等21种真菌多糖在枯斑三生烟上对CMV的钝化、预防及治疗效果,并测定了抗病毒多糖处理后普通烟NC-89体内防御酶的变化.[结果]安络小皮伞多糖对CMV具有较好的钝化及预防效果,其200倍液与等量供试病毒液混合30 min后接种,钝化效果为83.41%;喷施安络小皮伞多糖200倍液24 h后接毒处理,预防效果可高达93.15%.安络小皮伞多糖对CMV防治机理的研究表明,多糖处理后烟草相关防御酶POD、PAL和PPO活性增强,其中喷施安络小皮伞多糖24 h后接毒处理的酶活增加最为显著,该处理烟苗的POD、PAL和PPO的酶活峰值分别可增加至对照的2.74、3.45和2.82倍.[结论]安络小皮伞多糖通过增强烟草体内防御酶活性而提高烟草对烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病的抗性.     

玉郎伞提取物对支气管平滑肌舒张作用的研究

研究玉郎伞水提物及从玉郎伞中提取纯化的三种活性成份—黄酮、皂苷、多糖对豚鼠离体气管条的舒张作用。实验制备新鲜豚鼠离体气管条,在克氏缓冲液中分别加入组胺或乙酰胆碱,使豚鼠气管螺旋条收缩达高峰后观察不同剂量的玉郎伞水提物及三种活性成份对乙酰胆碱或组胺致气管条收缩的影响。结果表明,玉郎伞水提物及皂苷、多糖能对抗乙酰胆碱或组胺对豚鼠离体气管条的收缩作用,使组胺及乙酰胆碱量效曲线右移。因此,玉郎伞水提物及皂苷、多糖有较强的支气管舒张作用。     

香菇不同发育阶段子实体多糖的理化性质及体外免疫活性研究

香菇多糖是从香菇菌丝体或子实体中提取纯化得到的高分子葡聚糖,作为香菇主要的生物活性物质,具有提高免疫力、抗病毒、抗氧化和抗真菌等生物活性。本研究对幼菇期、菌褶期、采收期、成熟期和开伞期5个不同发育阶段香菇粗多糖含量、理化性质和体外免疫活性进行比较分析。结果表明,其粗多糖含量、理化性质和体外免疫活性具有明显差异。粗多糖得率呈现先增加后降低的趋势,菌褶期得率最高;粗多糖含量也呈现先增加后降低的趋势,成熟期含量最高;多糖的分子量因发育期不同而有较大差异,发育后期所得粗多糖分子量千万级以上组分的比例增加,分子量百万级和十万级的多糖组分比例降低;不同发育阶段香菇子实体多糖的单糖组成均包含果糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖和甘露糖4种单糖,且都以葡萄糖为主;5个阶段的多糖组分均有较好的体外免疫活性,其中幼菇期粗多糖在浓度500μg/mL时表现出最高的体外免疫活性。本研究探讨了香菇不同发育阶段子实体多糖的理化性质及体外免疫活性,为香菇采收期的确定及香菇多糖的制备与利用提供理论依据。     

中国的球盖菇科(三)沿丝伞属

通过对吉林农业大学菌物研究所标本馆(HMJAU)、中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆(HMAS)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆隐花植物标本室(HKAS)和广东微生物研究所标本馆(HMIGD)的105份标本的宏观形态和微观结构的观察,共报道中国沿丝伞属(NaematolomaP.Karsten)真菌6种,其中1个拟定新种,即圆盘沿丝伞(拟)(Naematoloma discodium Meng T.X.et Tolgor);1个中国新记录种,即亚绿沿丝伞[Naematolo-ma subviride(Berk.&Curt.)Smith A.H.];内蒙古、吉林、江西、西藏新记录种烟色沿丝伞[Naematoloma capnoides(Fr.)P.Karsten]和内蒙古、四川新记录种亚砖红沿丝伞[Naematoloma sublateritium(Fr.)P.Karsten]。     

分级醇沉对罗勒多糖体外抑菌及免疫活性影响研究

目的：研究罗勒30%、50%、80%醇沉多糖对体外抗菌及免疫活性的影响,确定罗勒多糖的有效部位。方法：水提醇沉制备罗勒粗多糖,将罗勒粗多糖3次醇沉后去蛋白得精多糖,再分级醇沉得到30%、50%、80%醇沉多糖,最终测定其体外抗菌及免疫活性。结果：30%醇沉多糖具有最佳的抑菌效果和最高的刺激巨噬细胞增殖能力;50%醇沉多糖促进脾脏细胞增殖作用最为显著。结论：不同浓度的醇沉罗勒多糖抑菌和刺激免疫细胞增殖活性有显著差异。     

黄伞胞外多糖抗自由基作用的研究

目的:以乙醇沉淀的黄伞发酵浓缩液得到的胞外多糖为研究对象,检验其对自由基的清除作用。方法:采用电子顺磁共振(EPR)波谱仪检测黄伞胞外多糖清除羟自由基OH.和超氧阴离子自由基O2-.的作用。结果:在样品浓度均为100mg/mL的条件下,利用Fenton反应体系,黄伞胞外多糖对羟自由基OH.的清除率仅为38.5%;而利用次黄嘌呤-黄嘌呤氧化酶体系,黄伞胞外多糖对超氧阴离子自由基O2-.的清除率可达到80.6%。结论:黄伞胞外多糖在体外对自由基有一定的清除作用且其对超氧阴离子自由基O2-.的清除作用明显优于对羟自由基OH.的清除作用。     

地参多糖对实验肿瘤细胞体内外增殖的影响

旨在研究地参多糖对小鼠体内S180A肿瘤细胞增殖的影响及体外对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞生长的影响.体内实验采用皮下接种小鼠S180A肿瘤细胞,以生理盐水为阴性对照,环磷酰胺为阳性对照,腹腔给药(ip给药)不同剂量地参多糖7d,称取小鼠瘤质量并计算抑瘤率.体外实验采用四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法测定地参多糖对体外BEL-7402细胞抗肿瘤活性;倒置荧光显微镜观察地参多糖对BEL-7402细胞形态学的影响;流式细胞术检测地参多糖对人肝癌BEL-7402细胞周期的影响.体内实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度的增加,体内对小鼠S180A肿瘤的抑制率逐渐提高,最高抑瘤率可达41.29％ (P＜0.01).体外实验结果表明:随着地参多糖浓度和培养时间的增加,体外培养的BEL-7402细胞存活率逐渐降低,抑制率逐渐增加,细胞出现明显的形态学改变,且能诱导细胞凋亡;流式细胞术证实地参多糖使体外培养的BEL-7402细胞发生G0/G1期阻滞.体内外实验均证实地参多糖具有抗肿瘤作用,值得进一步开发利用.     

体外模拟鳞杯伞子实体碱溶性多糖的消化与酵解特性

以热水浸提后的鳞杯伞Clitocybe squamulosa子实体残渣为原料,进行二次利用,浸提碱溶性多糖.通过模拟体外消化与厌氧发酵实验,探究鳞杯伞子实体碱溶性多糖的消化特性以及对肠道内短链脂肪酸含量的影响.结果 表明:体外模拟唾液和胃肠液消化后,多糖的官能团结构特征没有发生显著性改变,但碱溶性多糖的块状结构解体,碎...     

去甲斑蝥素对白血病Jurkat细胞增殖的影响

目的:观察不同浓度去甲斑蝥素(NCTD)对急性T淋巴细胞白血病细胞株Jurkat增殖的影响。方法:体外培养的Jurkat细胞,用0、5、10、20、40 mg/LNCTD作用6、12、24、48、72 h后,通过倒置显微镜观察细胞形态、密度变化,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率,确定其最佳作用浓度及时间。然后将细胞分为NCTD组、长春新碱组、NCTD+长春新碱组,作用24、48、72 h后观察细胞形态、密度变化,MTT法检测细胞增殖抑制率。结果:倒置显微镜显示:随NCTD浓度增加、作用时间延长,细胞形态不规则,胀大、固缩,分布稀疏,大量死亡;MTT法显示:随NCTD浓度增加、作用时间延长,细胞增殖抑制率渐升高,20 mg/L作用72 h时最高(59.24%)。NCTD组与长春新碱组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),NCTD+长春新碱组抑制率(77.40%)明显高于NCTD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:NCTD可以浓度和时间依赖性方式抑制Jurkat细胞的增殖,与长春新碱联合后作用增强。     

9R穿膜肽可增强P53抗肿瘤效果

为解决P53蛋白难以进入细胞内部发挥治疗作用的瓶颈难题.将p53基因融合插入带有9个精氨酸作为穿膜肽的表达载体中表达融合蛋白CPPs-P53,并与没有穿膜肽的P53蛋白进行比较,利用Western blotting方法检测蛋白的表达情况,MTT及Annexin V/PI双染法检测细胞生长抑制率及细胞凋亡率.Western blotting检测表明已成功在原核表达系统中表达融合蛋白CPPs-P53和P53蛋白,且蛋白纯度均已达到90％以上;MTT检测表明,P53蛋白对肿瘤细胞的生长虽有一定的抑制作用,但融合蛋白CPPs-P53与之相比,对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制效果显著增强,细胞生长抑制率有明显的提升,并且细胞生长抑制率呈现剂量依赖性;Annexin V/PI双染检测细胞凋亡情况也表明P53虽可以在一定程度上诱导肿瘤细胞的凋亡,但与P53蛋白相比较,融合蛋白CPPs-P53诱导的凋亡细胞明显增加,凋亡率是P53蛋白的2～3倍.由此说明在抑制肿瘤细胞的生长和诱导细胞凋亡方面,CPPs-P53比没有穿膜肽的P53蛋白的效果更显著.     

Protein turnover in exponential and stationary phase Vibrio cells

Vibrio strain 14 supports phage alpha 3a growth in standing stationary phase cells but not in shaking (aerated) stationary phase cells. In exponential cells, protein was turned over at 1.8% h-1, and the rate was increased by starvation or inhibition of protein synthesis. In shaking stationary phase cells the rate of protein turnover was low (1.0% h-1) for proteins synthesised during growth but high (20% h-1) for recently synthesised proteins. In contrast recently synthesised proteins in standing stationary phase cells were stable over 60 min and proteins synthesised during growth were turned over at 2.9% h-1. ppGpp and pppGpp were detected in exponential cells, but were not detected in stationary phase cells.     

细胞因子组合对肝癌细胞HepG2生长的影响

目的:探讨细胞因子组合在体外对肝癌细胞HepG2生长的抑制作用。方法:采用正交试验法,3种细胞因子(IFN-α2a、IL-2和GM-CSF)分别选择3种浓度,共分为9组组合,利用MTT比色法,检测细胞因子组合处理96 h后,对HepG2细胞生长的抑制作用,筛选3种细胞因子最佳组合,并进行形态学观察。结果:处理96 h后,不同浓度细胞因子组合对HepG2细胞的生长均有抑制作用,最佳组合为A1B1C1,其抑制率为64.61%。显微镜下可见,细胞变圆,胞浆中颗粒增多,增殖变慢,细胞间接触不紧密,细胞周围碎片增多。结论:已筛选到3种细胞因子的最佳组合,其在体外能够抑制HepG2细胞的生长。     

乳酸杆菌发酵滤液对人宫颈癌细胞株Hela细胞的抑制作用

目的观察乳酸杆菌DM9811发酵滤液及其主要成分对宫颈癌细胞株Hela细胞的体外增殖的影响,探索乳酸杆菌发酵滤液对宫颈癌细胞是否有抑制作用及解析作用的有效成分。方法用MTr法研究不同浓度乳酸杆菌DM9811发酵滤液在不同时间对Hela细胞的抑制作用,在此基础上研究脂肪酸、菌体核酸在不同时间对Hela细胞的抑制作用。结果不同浓度乳酸杆菌DM9811发酵滤液及相关物质在不同时间对Hela细胞的抑制作用显示：（1）乳酸杆菌DM9811发酵滤液各浓度组对Hela细胞的生长均有抑制作用,且这种抑制作用呈剂量-时间依赖方式。24、48、72h达到半数抑制率的发酵滤液浓度分别为8．9％、5．3％、3．8％。（2）乳酸杆菌DM9811发酵滤液脂肪酸对Hela细胞的生长有一定抑制作用,抑制率在7．0％～34．0％。（3）乳酸杆菌DM9811菌体核酸对Hela细胞的生长有抑制作用,抑制率为9．7％-53．4％,呈剂量一时间依赖方式。72h达到半数抑制率核酸的浓度为5．5μg/ml。结论乳酸杆菌DM9811发酵滤液对Hela细胞的生长具有显著的抑制作用,其中脂肪酸组分是有效成分之一。     

Modulation of mammalian cell growth by a choline analog,N-isopropylethanolamine

Summary The choline analog,N-isopropylethanolamine (IPE), inhibits the growth of both Chinese hamster ovary CHO-K₁ and mouse L-M cells by two kinetically distinct mechanisms; I, a reversible and concentration-dependent reduction in the logarithmic population doubling rate and the saturation density of cultures by low IPE levels in the media; and II, an irreversible and time-dependent killing of cells by high IPE concentrations. Both types of inhibition are independent of media depletion, cell density, or the time of treatment after cell plating; however, the actual IPE concentration that is necessary to elicit Type I or Type II inhibition in each cell line is dependent on the choline level of the media. Ethanolamine, methionine, or betaine have no effect on IPE-induced growth inhibition. From a mutagenized population of CHO-K₁ cells we isolated variant cell strains that are resistant to the lethal effect of IPE. It was determined that with both the wild type and variant strains the sensitivity of cells to growth inhibition by IPE (both Type I and Type II) was proportional to the degree by which choline uptake was inhibited by the analog. Retinoic acid, which inhibits the growth of some fibroblast and epithelial cell lines by a concentration-dependent reduction in population doubling rate and saturation density, behaves synergistically with IPE to inhibit the growth of CHO-K₁ cells. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, on the other hand, causes only an additive increase in the growth inhibition of CHO-K₁ populations that also are treated with IPE. This article is based on work supported by contract DE-AC05-760R00033 from the U.S. Department of Energy to Oak Ridge Associated Universities.     

Effects of Hydroxyurea on Crithidia fasciculata

SYNOPSIS Hydroxyurea (HU) inhibits increase in cell number in cultures of Crithidia fasciculata. Complete inhibition is produced by 8 mM and higher concentrations. If HU is not removed, population growth resumes in 45–50 h: if HU is removed, partially synchronous growth occurs through 2 cycles. During HU inhibition, the rate of DNA synthesis is reduced to 1% of that in exponentially growing cultures; protein and RNA syntheses continue at slightly reduced rates. Mean cell size and protein and RNA contents per cell increase; rate of oxygen consumption per mg cell protein remains constant. The behavior of a culture upon addition of HU and upon its removal agrees with predictions based on the hypothesis that the only direct effect of HU is to block DNA synthesis. The synchrony produced by HU is judged satisfactory for investigations of kinetoplast and nuclear replication but not for biochemical characterization of other aspects of the cell cycle.     

Effects on growth behavior in continuous hybridoma cell cultures: The role of viral contamination

This article describes the retrovirus expression with optimal nutrient supply and its potential growth inhibition effects in continuous hybridoma cell cultivation. A special reactor setup with total cell retention was developed to examine growth inhibition effects. Using this fermentation strategy we observed a decrease of viability cell rate which occurred at a defined state of the process despite sufficient nutrient supply. Therefore we assume that inhibitory substances are responsible for these effects. The molecular weight range of the inhibitory substances and the possible retrovirus cooperation of these growth inhibition effects were examined. To determine the molecular weight range we used the following methods: ultrafiltration, gelfiltration, ultracentrifugation and gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western-/immunoblot are used to detect retrovirus particles in the supernatant and to show a retrovirus participation on growth inhibition effects. The possible growth modulation was tested in a biological assay (MTT-assay). This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Cell-cell contact and growth regulation of pinocytosis in 3T3 cells

In sub-confluent cultures of Balb/c-3T3 cells, pinocytosis rates were increased after exposure to specific growth factors (serum; platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF; epidermal growth factor, EGF). Conversely, as cells became growth-inhibited with increasing culture density, there was a corresponding decline in pinocytosis rate per cell. In order to test whether density-inhibition of pinocytosis was influenced either by the growth cycle or by cell contact independently of growth, cells were induced into a quiescent state at a range of subconfluent and confluent densities. Under such conditions, cell density did not significantly inhibit pinocytosis rate. When confluent quiescent cultures in 2.5% serum were exposed to 10% serum, the resulting round of DNA synthesis was accompanied by enhanced pinocytosis per cell, even though the cells were incontact with one another. Furthermore, in a SV40-viral transformed 3T3 cell line, both the growth fraction and the pinocytosis rate per cell remained unchanged over a wide range of culture densities. These studies indicate that density-dependent inhibition of pinocytosis in 3T3 cells appears to be secondary to growth-inhibition rather than to any direct physical effects of cell–cell contact.     

Role of Wall-bound β-Glucanases in Regulating Tip-growth of Lilium longiflorum Pollen Tubes

β-Glucanases were found in the cell wall of Lilium longiflorum Thunb. pollen tubes grown in vitro . The activity of β-glucanases was, in a certain extent, decreased by nojirimycin, an inhibitor of glucosidase. Pollen germination percentage reduced dramatically when nojirimycin was applied in the culture medium. In case that nojirimycin was added at 0 or 1 h after the onset of incubation, the inhibition rate was 99.6% and 91.4%, respectively. When 3 mmol/L of nojirimycin was applied in the liquid medium at 0, 1, 1.5 and 2 h after the onset of incubation, the growth of pollen tubes was interrupted, which resulted in the morphological change of the pollen tubes such as the newly grown portion of pollen tubes being bent, curved and swollen. Tracing the growth pattern of the individual pollen tube grown in semi-solid medium by video microscopy, the authors demonstrated that pollen tube growth rate was strongly inhibited by nojirimycin at concentrations ranged from 0.003 to 3 mmol/L. Moreover, the cytoplasmic arrangement and the morphology of the pollen tubes were also affected by nojirimycin. The growth inhibition brought about by nojirimycin was reversible. These results indicated that β-glucanases, which degrade 1,3-β-glucan and/or 1,4-β-glucan or 1,3:1,4-β-glucan constructed in the cell wall, are involved in pollen germination and pollen tube growth. It provides new insight into an understanding of the contribution of β-glucanases to the cell wall extensibility and the crucial role of cell wall in regards to the regulation of pollen tube growth.