Structure and functions of muscle allotransplants developing in adrenals and the alloplasty area after long-term exposure

The cross allotransplantation of right gastrocnemius muscles was carried out between intact rats and rats in which adrenals and right shins were subjected to low-energy He-Ne laser radiation (10 procedures for 2 weeks, the exposure duration 5 min; total dose for each rat 15-18 J/cm2). By conditions of experiment, the rats in each series were both donors and recipients, and hence the heterogeneity of rats in each series was the same. It was shown that the laser radiation in the dose studied and the regimes of exposure of rat adrenals and shin (area of the planned allotransplantation) influenced the muscle alloplasty. In rats with irradiated adrenals and shin, the disintegration and resorption of muscle allografts occurred more actively. In intact rats, muscle allografts were more viable. The allogenic muscle tissue and a weak contractile reaction of allografts were revealed in most of them. The allografts showed a moderate lymphocytic infiltration. The data obtained indirectly evidence that the transplant immune reaction increased in rats with irradiated adrenals and shin. In intact rats, the transplant immune reaction to irradiated m.gastrocnemius from irradiated shin decreased.     

Morphofunctional characteristics of the thymus and muscle regenerates under laser irradiation and alloplasty of adult muscle tissue in the area of trauma

The effect of muscle tissue alloplasty and He-Ne laser radiation on the skeletal muscle regeneration and thymus function was studied. Allogenic muscle tissue was implanted from an adult rat. Without laser irradiation (series 1), initial enhancement of thymus recovery observed on day 7 after alloplasty (a characteristic stress response to operation) was followed by gradual destructive changes in the thymus tissue. On day 30 after alloplasty, connective tissue developed in the implantation area in muscle regenerates, and the muscle tissue accounted for 64 ± 2%. Implantation of unirradiated allografts into the muscles of recipient rats preirradiated with a He-Ne laser (series 2) resulted in a nearly complete destruction of the thymus and suppression of its function; the mitotic index of thymocytes was low. These changes were observed throughout the experiment starting immediately after the operation. In this case, the allogenic transplant retained the ability to develop: the 30-day repairing muscles consisted of 71 ± 2% of muscle tissue. When an allograft preirradiated with a He-Ne laser was implanted into unirradiated rats (series 3), thymus destruction at the beginning of the postoperative period was much less significant than in series 2 but more pronounced than in series 1. Then, thymus recovered more rapidly, the allogenic transplant was resorbed, and the muscle tissue in the regenerates accounted for 62 ± 3%.     

Regenerative Activity of Muscle Allografts and the State of Thymus under Conditions of Long-Term Laser Treatment of Adrenal Glands and Transplantation Site Prior to Surgery

Both gastrocnemius muscles were cross-allografted between the intact rats and the rats whose adrenal glands and right shins were exposed to He–Ne laser radiation before the surgery (632.8 nm, 2.5–3.0 mW/cm², 10 sessions over 14 days at a cumulative dose of 15–18 J/cm² per rat). By the time of grafting, the activity of adrenal glands decreased, while the activity of thymus increased. As a result, the allogenic muscle tissue was resorbed more actively in the irradiated rats, especially in the right, irradiated shin. At the same time, reinnervation of the grafts containing a certain amount of survived allogenic muscle tissue was more active in the right shin, compared to the left, unirradiated one. Survival of the donor muscle tissue and its improved reinnervation were observed in a higher proportion of grafts in the intact rats. The allografts from the right (preirradiated) shin of animals with irradiated adrenal glands proved to be more viable, compared to the left (unirradiated) shin.     

Muscle regeneration and the state of the thymus in adult rats under laser irradiation and alloplasty of newborn gastrocnemius muscle and diaphragm

The regeneration of adult rat gastrocnemius muscles has been studied under implantation of new-born rat muscles into area of muscle trauma. Alloplasty was performed using minced gastrocnemius and diaphragm muscles, which differs at birth in animals by degree of differentiation. The rat-recipient area of alloplasty was subjected to He-Ne laser radiation before operation, with the aim of reducing the immune response to allogenic muscle tissue. It has been shown that the number of regenerating myofibers produced from implanted gastrocnemius muscles is more than in alloplants from diaphragms. However, the formation of cartilage, bone, and adipose tissue foci was observed in the alloplastic region throughout the whole regeneration period. After implantation of minced diaphragm muscles, cartilage nodes were observed only in 7-day regenerates. At the end of observation, in the first instance, the area of muscle trauma in adult rat muscles was replaced by adipose tissue, even in the case of initial laser irradiation. After the implantation of diaphragm muscles, the area of trauma was filled with regenerating muscle tissue.     

Plasticity of allogenic muscle tissue transplanted into a traumatized rat muscle subjected He-Ne laser radiation

The effect of muscle tissue alloplasty and laser radiation on the post-traumatic regeneration of skeletal muscles was studied. The implantation of an unirradiated minced allogenic muscle tissue into the area of trauma of a previously laser-irradiated muscle had a positive effect. The allogenic muscle tissue underwent active regeneration. The traumatized muscle fibers in the rat-recipient muscle grew into the alloplant. The implantation of a previously laser-irradiated muscle tissue into the area of trauma of an unirradiated muscle was less effective. The allogenic muscle tissue prevented the growth of rat-recipient myofibers and underwent lysis in general. The allotransplantation of a laser-irradiated muscle tissue into an x-irradiated (20 Gy) traumatized muscle increased the destruction of rat-recipient muscle tissue.     

He-Ne激光照射日本沼虾心脏、鳃和腹神经组织细胞的光学显微镜观察

本文采用He-Ne激光照射日本沼虾的心脏、鳃和腹神经,研究其对日本沼虾组织细胞形态结构的影响。实验结果为：(1)实验组的心脏和鳃组织细胞具有明显异染色质的细胞数量百分比要比对照组的分别增大21．78％和13．23％;(2)实验组的腹神经分泌细胞核的平均直径比对照组的缩小0．82／an,核内有明显异染色质的平均直径比对照组的缩小1．69μm。实验表明：He-Ne激光照射后,细胞核内异染色质均发生凝聚现象。     

He-Ne激光照射日本沼虾肌肉、眼柄和脑神经的组织细胞的光学显微镜观察

用He-Ne激光照射日本沼虾的肌肉、眼柄和脑神经,研究其对日本沼虾细胞形态结构的影响。结果表明：(1)实验组的肌肉组织细胞具有明显异染色质的细胞数量百分比要比对照组的增大2．78％;(2)实验组的眼柄和脑的神经细胞核的平均直径要比对照组的分别增大2．40μm和5．25μm,核内具有明显异染色质的平均直径比对照组的分别增大10．20μm和14．7μm,实验表明He-Ne激光照射后细胞核内异染色质发生明显凝集,神经细胞核内异染色质的凝集尤为明显。     

Effect of Microwave and He-Ne Laser on Enzyme Activity and Biophoton Emission of Isatis indigotica Fort

The seed embryos of Isatis indigotica Fort were exposed to He-Ne laser (5.23 mW/mm2, radiated for 5 min) and microwave (1.26 mW/mm2, radiated for 8 s) irradiation to determine the effects of microwave and He-Ne laser pretreatment on enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of cotyledon. Then: (i) changes in the activities of enzymes in I. indigotica cotyledon (such as amylase, transaminase, and proteinase) were measured to investigate the effects of He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment; and (ii) biophoton emission was measured to determine the speed of cell division and metabolism. Results from these experiments indicated that: (i) the activities of amylase, transaminase, and proteinase of the cotyledon pretreated by HeNe laser and microwave were significantly increased; and (ii) the intensity of biophoton emission was enhanced significantly by He-Ne laser and microwave irradiation. These changes suggest that He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment can improve the inner energy of seeds, lead to an enhancement of cotyledon enzymes, and speed up the metabolism of the cell, resulting in significantly increased biophoton emission.Moreover, the mechanism of action of the effects of laser and microwave radiation on the microcalorimetric parameters, enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of seeds is discussed on the basis of the results obtained.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦幼苗叶绿体的影响

对“晋麦8号”小麦幼苗分别采用5 mW·mm^-2 He-Ne激光辐照、10.08 kJ·m^-2·d^-1增强UV-B辐射及二者组合进行处理,研究各处理组小麦幼苗叶绿体膜透性、叶绿体蛋白质含量以及叶绿体偶联因子CF-1的ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性变化。结果表明：UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶绿体膜透性增加,叶绿体蛋白质含量有一定的下降,而ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性均受到抑制。经过He-Ne激光辐照可使叶绿体膜透性降低、叶绿体蛋白质含量有一定的升高,同时ATP酶活性、希尔反应的活性也受到部分激活。这些变化说明增强UV-B辐射引起小麦幼苗叶绿体损伤,而一定剂量的He-Ne激光辐照可部分修复增强UV-B对小麦幼苗光合系统的损伤。     

Effect of Microwave and He-Ne Laser on Enzyme Activity and Biophoton Emission of Isatis indigotica Fort

The seed embryos of lsatis indigotica Fort were exposed to He-Ne laser (5.23 mW/mm^2, radiated for 5 min) and microwave ( 1.26 mW/mm^2, radiated for 8 s) irradiation to determine the effects of microwave and He-Ne laser pretreatment on enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of cotyledon. Then: (i) changes in the activities of enzymes in L indigotica cotyledon (such as amylase, transaminase, and proteinase) were measured to investigate the effects of He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment; and (ii) biophoton emission was measured to determine the speed of cell division and metabolism. Results from these experiments indicated that: (i) the activities of amylase, transaminase, and proteinase of the cotyledon pretreated by HeNe laser and microwave were significantly increased; and (ii) the intensity of biophoton emission was enhanced significantly by He-Ne laser and microwave irradiation. These changes suggest that He-Ne laser and microwave pretreatment can improve the inner energy of seeds, lead to an enhancement of cotyledon enzymes, and speed up the metabolism of the cell, resulting in significantly increased biophoton emission. Moreover, the mechanism of action of the effects of laser and microwave radiation on the microcalorimetric parameters, enzyme activities, and biophoton emission of seeds is discussed on the basis of the results obtained.     

低功率He-Ne激光照射黑曲霉的方法与效应

目的:探索低功率He-Ne激光对柠檬酸生产菌黑曲霉诱变育种的简易方法。方法:应用带扩束镜的低功率He-Ne激光装置,在无菌条件下对柠檬酸生产菌黑曲霉的单孢子膜进行不同时间的垂直照射,无菌水洗脱,指示性平板筛选,液体培养,测定黑曲霉诱变菌株的柠檬酸产量。结果:不同时间的激光照射黑曲霉单孢子,其存活率与激光照射时间没有线性关系。激光照射6min,黑曲霉M2代产酸的正变率高达37.5%,而此时的存活率也高达40.0%。获得了黑曲霉柠檬酸产酸率提高了10%的突变菌株,为黑曲霉的遗传育种提供了材料。结论:这种方法便于在无菌条件下操作,保证了激光照射黑曲霉单孢子的均匀性,是一种简便易行的微生物诱变育种方法。     

Plasticity of allogeneic muscle tissue implanted into a traumatized rat muscle on exposure to He-Ne laser light

The combined effect of muscle tissue alloplasty and He-Ne laser light on the regeneration of a traumatized skeletal muscle was studied. In implantation of untreated allogeneic tissue into the region of transverse cutting of the gastrocnemius muscle exposed to laser light in vivo before surgery, the muscle regeneration in recipient rats was successful. Active regeneration of the allogeneic tissue and the muscle tissue of the recipient rat was noted. In implantation of laser-exposed allogeneic tissue into the region of trauma of unexposed gastrocnemius muscle, the muscle regeneration was less successful. The alloplastic implant was replaced by connective tissue and prevented the growth of the muscle tissue of the recipient rat in the defective zone. Implantation of laser-exposed allogeneic muscle tissue into the region of trauma of the muscle x-irradiated to a dose of 20 Gy enhanced destructive processes in it.     

Regeneration of Gastrocnemius Muscle and State of Immune System in γ-Irradiated Rats under the Influence of He-Ne Laser

We studied the influence of a low-energy He-Ne laser on the regeneration of the transected gastrocnemius muscle and state of the thymus and bone marrow in adult mongrel rats irradiated at 6 Gy using the histological, morphometric, and cytogenetic methods. The laser influence on both rat hind limbs (at total doses of 9.0–10.8 J/cm²) enhanced the regenerative capacity of the viradiated traumatized skeletal muscle, and reduced cytogenetic damage in the bone marrow and thymus cells. The changes in the thymus mass and histostructure suggest that the functional load on the thymus increased under studied the experimental conditions.     

Effect of helium-neon laser on the microcirculation in blood vessels of the rat pia mater

The sensitivity of rat's microvessels of microcirculatory bed of brain's pia matter was studied by helium-neon laser radiation. Changes in the reactivity by the microscopy findings were studied on the 7, 30, 45, 60, 90th days of animals postnatal development. Laser radiation was used during 30 min. Local changes in all components of the microcirculatory bed were fixed. It is mentioned that in adult rat the expressiveness of arteriole's local widening reaction in the radiated place reduces, but the degree of the reduction is below or over the radiated place, on the contrary, increases. The arteriole diameter in 30-day old rats increases to 59% in comparison to the initial level, and 90th day old animals--to 16%. The degree of reaction's expressiveness depends upon the microvessel diameter and the animal's age.     

Structural properties of regenerating muscle and the state of thymus after laser therapy of injured muscle in different periods of regeneration

The effect of He-Ne laser (632.8 nm, 2.5–3.0 mW/cm²) on skeletal muscle regeneration proved to depend on the period of regenerating tissue exposure to the radiation. Ten 3-min exposures within 1–15 days after muscle injury at a dose of 4.5–5.4 J/cm² per each operated limb accelerated the inflammation and regeneration of the muscle. The regenerates demonstrated a more muscular structure compared to laser therapy at later periods. The load on the thymus increased, its weight and cortical layer restoration decelerated, and aplasia was observed. The same dose of laser radiation in the period of days 16–30 increased the sclerotization of regenerating muscle tissue. The reactive changes in the thymus were less pronounced, the cortical layer recovery accelerated, and the mitotic index of thymocytes considerably increased. A three times lower laser radiation dose (1.5–1.8 J/cm²) in early regeneration inhibited inflammation and growth of the connective and muscle tissues compared to control. No increase in the functional activity of thymus was observed.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射小麦幼苗多胺氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的研究

采用He-Ne激光辐照对增强UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗的损伤修复作用进行了研究。小麦种子在盛有湿滤纸的培养皿内25℃下进行萌发。萌发后小麦幼苗在经10.08 kJ·m^-2·d^-1的增强UV-B辐射,然后再用5 mW·mm^-2的He-Ne激光进行辐照。通过小麦幼苗叶片游离脯氨酸含量、多胺氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性变化,测定了He-Ne激光对小麦UV-B损伤的修复情况。结果表明,游离脯氨酸、多胺氧化酶、过氧化物酶的变化同小麦幼苗损伤的修复的能力相关联。He-Ne激光辐照可使由增强UV-B辐射后诱导叶片升高的游离脯氨酸含量降低。增强UV-B辐射对多胺氧化酶（PAO）活性和过氧化物酶（POD）活性呈促进的作用。辐射6 d后PAO和POD总的活性呈正相关性,PAO和POD活性都呈现B组最高,L组最低,且差异显著。显示He-Ne激光对两种酶由于增强UV-B辐照造成的伤害有一定的修复。     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射下小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化的缓解作用

采用He-Ne激光(5 mW/mm2)辐照增强UV-B辐射(10.08 kJ/m2.d)的晋麦8号小麦幼苗,通过测定小麦幼苗叶片细胞质膜透性、丙二醛(MDA)的含量以及脂氧合酶(LOX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)和谷光苷肽过氧化物酶(GPX)的活性变化,研究He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射的小麦幼苗膜脂过氧化的影响。结果显示,He-Ne激光辐照可使经UV-B辐射后小麦幼苗叶片质膜相对透性、MDA含量、LOX活性降低,而使CAT、APX和GPX的活性均升高。分析表明UV-B辐射增强可导致膜脂过氧化加剧,而一定剂量的He-Ne激光能够通过促进酶促抗氧化系统酶的活性来缓解紫外线辐射下小麦幼苗的膜脂过氧化作用。     

The effects of low laser irradiation on angiogenesis in injured rat tibiae

The influence of He-Ne laser radiation on the formation of new blood vessels in the bone marrow compartment of a regenerating area of the mid-cortical diaphysis of the tibiae of young adult rats was studied. A small hole was surgically made with a dentistry burr in the tibia and the injured area received a daily laser therapy over 7 or 14 days transcutaneously starting 24 h from surgery. Incident energy density dosages of 31.5 and 94.5 Jcm(-2) were applied during the period of the tibia wound healing investigated. Light microscopic examination of histological sections of the injured area and quantification of the newly-formed blood vessels were undertaken. Low-level energy treatment accelerated the deposition of bone matrix and histological characteristics compatible with an active recovery of the injured tissue. He-Ne laser therapy significantly increased the number of blood vessels after 7 days irradiation at an energy density of 94.5 Jcm(-2), but significantly decreased the number of vessels in the 14-day irradiated tibiae, independent of the dosage. These effects were attributed to laser treatment, since no significant increase in blood vessel number was detected between 8 and 15 non-irradiated control tibiae. Molecular mechanisms involved in low-level laser therapy of angiogenesis in post-traumatic bone regeneration needs further investigation.     

激光诱变选育雷公藤次生物质高产细胞系

用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光辐照雷公藤愈伤组织诱导突变,经初筛、复筛及突变株稳定性研究,筛选出一株次生物质高产细胞系Ｔ９２,其次生物质产量较对照提高４５．２％,且遗传性状稳定。     

He-Ne激光处理对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长特性的影响

以哥伦比亚生态型(Columbia-0)的野生型拟南芥为材料,利用He-Ne激光生物辐照仪(632.8nm,5mW/mm2)处理拟南芥种子,统计其发芽势和发芽率,并测定根长及叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,以探讨He-Ne激光对拟南芥种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果显示,短时间的He-Ne激光辐照可促进拟南芥的生长发育,且最佳辐照时间为4min,此时的发芽势、发芽率、根长、叶绿素、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白的含量均达到最大,而丙二醛(MDA)的含量为最低。当辐照时间大于4min时,促进作用逐渐变小,且随着辐照时间的延长而表现出抑制作用。研究表明,适量的He-Ne激光辐照在一定程度上可以促进拟南芥种子的萌发和幼苗生长以及保护其细胞膜免受伤害。