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1.
When applied to spurs of mature Prunus avium before floral initiation, gibberellins GA1, GA4 and GA3 inhibited floral initiation by 9–17%, GA7 by 43%, GA3 by 65–71% and 2,2-dimethyl GA4 by 78%. GA9 and GA20 were inactive. Thus activity only of the GAs with a C-3 hydroxyl was increased markedly by a double bond in the C-1,2 or C-2,3 position, and activity increased with increasing hydroxylation. None of the GAs affected the total number of buds (vegetative and floral) surviving in the spur. Measured by the threshold dose required for activity, seedling shoot growth responses to GA3, GA7, GA1 or GA4 resembled those of floral initiation, but di-methylation of GA4 at C-2 had no effect, and GA9 was as active as GA7. Mature shoots, including those on rooted cuttings, were less responsive to GA treatment than were juvenile shoots, with terminal shoots on mature trees more responsive than spur shoots. Spur shoot growth on mature trees responded to GA3 and to a lesser extent GA7, but not to GA1 or GA4. However, all these GAs promoted the growth of terminal shoots on mature trees to similar extents, whereas 2,2-dimethyl GA4 was less active than GA4 The differences between juvenile and mature shoot growth in sensitivity to a C-1,2 or C-2,3 double bond, and between mature shoot growth and floral initiation in GA-structure requirements, indicate that phase change alters the GA complement and/or GA receptor/transduction mechanisms of P. avium. The difference in sensitivity to 2,2-dimethyl GA4 indicates that floral initiation and growth have different requirements for GA transport and/or action. 相似文献
2.
The endogenous levels of GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA19 and GA20 were determined in beech seeds (Fagus sylvatica L.) treated with different dormancy breaking treatments. Gibberellins were analysed separately in cotyledons and embryo axes. After purification of the extracts, GAs were quantified by GC-MS-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) with deuterated GAs as internal standards. The results showed that GAs corresponding to the 13-OH pathway seemed to be involved in dormancy breaking. Strong differences in GA1, GA3, GA8, GA19 and GA20 levels between embryo axes and cotyledons of dormant and non-dormant beechnuts were detected with less pronounced differences for GA4, GA7 and GA9 levels. Both the quantitative differences between dormant and non-dormant seeds in the analysed GAs corresponding to the 13-OH pathway, and the capacity of non-dormant seeds to carry out metabolic conversions when labelled GA20 was injected into the seeds, reveal a dynamic role of GAs in dormancy release. 相似文献
3.
Applications of the growth promotive gibberellins (GAs) GA4 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4, and of C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5, which is known to promote flowering while inhibiting stem growth in the long-day grass Lolium temulentum, were made to micropropagated plants of Metrosideros collina cv. Tahiti, a highly ornamental cultivar with an intermittent flowering pattern. Gibberellin A4 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4 stimulated vegetative growth both in elongating shoots, and internodes of shoots developing from buds that were quiescent at the time of GA application. Abscission of the apices of expanding shoots, a feature of mature Metrosideros plants, was inhibited by these GAs, the rejuvenation of micropropagated plantlets being enhanced. However, C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5 differed from GA4 and 2,2-dimethyl GA4 by having no promotive effects on vegetative growth, and no inhibition of apical abscission. Notwithstanding this contrasting effect on vegetative growth, high doses of GA4 or C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5 similarly reduced flowering on shoots to which either GA was applied. Reduced flowering in response to applied GAs is common in many woody angiosperms, and in this instance was probably the combined result of abortion of developing floral structures in quiescent buds, and a preferential inhibition of bud break for floral buds relative to vegetative buds, particularly by GA4. Finally, both C-16,17 endo-dihydro GA5 and GA4 strongly inhibited bud break in this woody angiosperm, although GA4 could initially stimulate bud break when applied to vegetative buds close to the expansion stage. The above findings, in toto, highlight the sensitivity of Metrosideros to both classes of GA in a variety of growth and development processes. 相似文献
4.
Significant male and female flowering (cone bud production) by girdled branches of 6-year-old Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb. Franco) seedlings was promoted by applications (mid-April to June) of 1.6 or 3.2 mg per branch (in total) of certain non-polar gibberellins (GA's). Girdling alone was ineffective. When tested alone, a mixture of GA4/7 was most effective. GA9 less so, while GA5 and the more polar GA3 were essentially ineffective. For female cone buds GA4/7+ GA9 were synergistically effective, but for male cone buds GA4/7 alone was best. The auxin naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was not tested alone, but at low dosage (0.175 mg/branch in total) NAA enhanced the flowering efficacy of GA's for both sexes; at a high dosage (0.875 mg/branch in total) male cone bud production was further enhanced, but only at the expense of females. For female flowering the best treatment (90% frequency of flowering 6.8 cone buds/branch), was GA4/7+ GA9+ low NAA; for male flowering, it was GA4/7+ high NAA (30% frequency and 4.2 cone buds/branch. Frequency of flowering for controls was 18% and 0%, average number of cone buds/branch was 0.9 and 0, for females and males, respectively. The successful treatments did not affect promordia initiation, rather they caused the differentiation of previously initiated, but undetermined, lateral primordia into cone and latent buds at the expense of vegetative bud differentiation. The lack of success reported by earlier workers in promoting flowering in Pinaceae species by GA's appears to be the unfortunate result of selecting GA3 for initial testing. The practical implications of this early and enhanced flowering by non-polar GA's seedlings of a commercially important conifer are discussed in relation to accelerating the processes of tree improvement. 相似文献
5.
The effect of 100 mgl–1 gibberellic acid (GA3) on flowering and fruit ripening synchrony, fruit set, fruit fresh weight, and vegetative growth were studied for different size classes of coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Guatemalan) flower buds. Flower buds that were > 4 mm, but not developed to the candle stage at the time of GA3 treatment, reached anthesis 20 days earlier than the controls, and their development was independent of precipitation, unlike the controls. Fruit from buds that were treated with GA3 at the candle stage showed earlier and more synchronous ripening than the control, although no differences in flowering were found during anthesis. Buds that were smaller than 4 mm at the time of treatment did not respond to GA3 applications. Treatment with GA3 did not affect fruit set, fresh weight of fruits, or vegetative shoot growth. 相似文献
6.
Elongation growth and gibberellin (GA9) metabolism in excised hypocotyls of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Arctic) were investigated. Exogenously supplied GA9 stimulates elongation of hypocotyl sections and this response is intermediate between that elicited by GA1 or GA20 and GA4/7 mixture. Although uptake of radioactivity from [3H]GA9 increases with time, this gibberellin does not accumulate in the tissue but is rapidly converted to a compound with HPLC properties resembling those of [3H]GA20. After 2 h incubation in [3H]GA9, the presumptive GA20 represents 90% of the acidic ethyl acetate-soluble radioactivity in the tissue. Radioactivity is also associated with an acidic butanol-soluble fraction containing two components resolvable by HVE. The major component is similar in electrophoretic properties to a GA-glucosyl ether while the other compares to a GA-glucosyl ester. Conversion of [3H]GA9 to its [3H]GA20-like metabolite is reduced by addition of carrier GA9 or GA4/7 at concentrations as low as 1 M, while GA1, GA3 and L-proline are without effect. Formation of the GA20-like compound can be blocked by the addition of 2,2-dipyridyl, and this inhibitory effect of dipyridyl can be reversed by addition of Fe2+. At 200 M dipyridyl, elongation growth as well as [3H]GA9 metabolism are reduced by 80%. The relationship of the metabolism of GA9 to the growth response is discussed.Abbreviations AB
butanol-soluble
- AE
ethyl-acetate-soluble
- GA
gibberellin
- GA1, GA4
gibberellin A1, gibberellin A4, etc.
- TLC
thin layer chromatography
- HPLC
high performance liquid chromatography
- HVE
high voltage electrophoresis 相似文献
7.
The role of gibberellins (GAs) in determining sex in the gametophyte of the fern Blechnum spicant L. was studied through (a) the effect of exogenous GA4+7 and GA3 (b) quantitation of the endogenous levels of GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7, GA9, and GA20 in male and female gametophytes, and (c) the effect of flurprimidol, a GAs biosynthesis inhibitor of the steps of oxidation of ent-kaureno to ent-kaurenoic acid. Our results show that GA4+7 had a slight effect of inducing either male or female sexual organs, antheridia and archegonia, respectively. The endogenous GAs content was not significantly different between sexes, but the GA4, GA7, and GA20 levels were raised above those of the other GAs in both sexes. Neither antheridiogen biosynthesis nor antheridia formation was inhibited by flurprimidol. Gametophytes regenerated from homogenized mature gametophytes (HG) show a different physiological behavior than spore-derived gametophytes. In the first case, gametophytes are males and synthesize antheridiogen before they attain maturity, in contrast to what occurs in spore-derived gametophytes which are females and synthesize antheridiogen when mature. 相似文献
8.
Hormonal Profile in Vegetative and Floral Buds of Azalea: Levels of Polyamines, Gibberellins, and Cytokinins 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M��nica Meij��n Mar��a Jes��s Ca?al Helena Fern��ndez Ana Rodr��guez Bel��n Fern��ndez Roberto Rodr��guez Isabel Feito 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2011,30(1):74-82
The floral transition includes a complex system of factors that interact and involve various biochemical signals, including
plant growth regulators. The physiological signals involved in the control of the floral transition have been sparsely studied
and mainly in plant species whose genetics are poorly known. In this work, the role of polyamines, gibberellins, and cytokinins
was investigated by analyzing their endogenous content in vegetative and floral buds of azalea. The results showed that there
is a clear distinction between floral and vegetative buds with respect to the levels of these plant hormones, with floral
buds containing higher amounts of conjugated polyamines, gibberellins (GAs) from the non-13-hydroxylation pathway (GA9, GA7, and GA4), and cytokinins (particularly isopentenyl-type species), and vegetative buds containing higher amounts of free polyamines
and gibberellins from the early 13-hydroxylation pathway and fewer cytokinins. In conclusion, there is a specific pattern
of endogenous hormone profiles in both vegetative and floral bud development in azalea, which may be relevant for future research
on the control of flowering by exogenous hormone applications. 相似文献
9.
G. L. Steffens J. T. Lin A. E. Stafford J. D. Metzger J. P. Hazebroek 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》1992,11(3):165-170
Seeds from heavily fruiting (on-year), mature untreated, and paclobutrazol-treated apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Spartan) were sampled in mid-June 1987, mid-July 1987, and mid-July 1990. After seeds were freeze-dried, gibberellins (GAs) were extracted, purified, and fractionated via C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nine GAs (GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7, GA8, GA9, GA19, GA20, and GA53) were quantified by the use of deuterated GA internal standards. Paclobutrazol trunk drench treatments reduced vegetative shoot elongation in the seasons that seeds were sampled by 55% or more. Between June 17, 1987 and July 15, 1987, the dry weight of seeds from both untreated and treated trees increased about 2.5 times and there were reductions, on a per seed basis, of GA4 in seeds from both untreated and treated trees, of GA7 in seeds from treated trees, and of GA9 in seeds from untreated trees. However, GA9 increased in seeds from treated trees. Changes in levels of some of the early-13-hydroxylation pathway GAs (GA15 GA3, GA8, GA19, GA20, and GA53) also occurred during the month. For mid-July harvested seeds, the pattern, with some exceptions, was that 2 years after paclobutrazol treatment (1987), levels of early-13-hydroxylation pathway GAs in seeds from treated trees were lower compared to controls but after 5 years (1990) their levels tended to increase. For the non-13-hydroxylated GAs (GA4, GA7, and GA9), 2 years after paclobutrazol treatment, GA4 levels were equal in seeds from untreated and treated trees, GA7 decreased in seeds from treated trees compared with controls, but GA9 levels increased. Levels of these three GAs were higher in seeds from treated trees 5 years after treatment (1990) but levels of GA4, GA7, and GA9 dramatically increased in seeds from treated trees 4 years after treatment (1989), as we previously reported. 相似文献
10.
枣花芽分化过程中营养物质和内源激素含量及抗氧化酶活性变化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以新疆主栽品种灰枣和骏枣的花芽为材料,测定不同分化时期花芽的可溶性糖、还原糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量,SOD、POD、PPO、CAT活性以及内源GA3、IAA、ABA、ZT水平的变化,并分析它们与花芽分化的关系,为枣花芽分化调控提供理论参考.结果表明:(1)灰枣和骏枣花芽可溶性糖、还原糖和淀粉含量在花芽分化过程的变化趋势... 相似文献
11.
The within-crown distribution of cones (strobili) was mapped on 48 mature grafts of Sitka spruce [Picea schensis (Bong.) Carr.]. The total number of cones per tree was increased by a mainstem injection of 20 mg GA4/7 and 8 mm wide bark ring. The cones and buds were classified as either lateral or terminal on each individual branch. The distribution of lateral female, terminal female, lateral male and terminal male cones, showed a general progression from the upper distal to lower proximal regions of the tree crown in all 12 clones. Evidence for preferential allocation of cones to particular branch types is presented. The region of the tree with the greates number of cones varied with treatment and reflected differences in the sex ratio of the individual trees. There is evidence for a relationship between branch length, position within the crown and the type of cone produced. 相似文献
12.
Gibberellins in seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana: biological activities,identification and effects of light and chilling on endogenous levels 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The activities of several gibberellins in stimulating germination of wild-type and GA-deficient gal seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana were compared. Of the six compounds tested GA4 and GA7-isolactone had the highest activity and GA7 and GA9 the lowest; activities of GA1 and GA3 were intermediate. Combined application of pure GAs presented no indications that more than one GA receptor is involved. Four GAs were identified in extracts from wild-type and GA-insensitive gai seeds by combined gas chromatography mass spectrometry: GA1, GA3, GA4 and GA9. Effects of light and chilling on levels of GA1, GA4 and GA9 were studied using deuterated standards. Light increased both GA levels and germination in unchilled wild-type and gai seeds. As a result of irradiation GA levels in gai seeds were 7–10 times as high as in wild-type seeds. In the dark germination was 0%, in the light 14% of gai seeds and 95% of wild-type seeds germinated. A chilling pre-treatment of 7 days at 2°C was required to enhance further the germination of gai seeds in the light. Light did not increase GA levels of chilled seeds of either genotype; levels of GA4 and GA9 of chilled gai seeds, in the light were respectively 7 and 12 times lower than in non-chilled seeds, whereas the latter seeds germinated better. Slightly elevated levels of GA4 were detected in darkness after chilling, but germination capacity was still 0%. These results strengthened the conclusion that GAs are required for germination of A. thaliana seeds, whereby GA4 has intrinsic biological activity. However, it is unlikely that light and chilling stimulate germination primarily by increasing levels of GA. Instead GA sensitivity is a possible alternative. 相似文献
13.
Three native gibberellins of Pinus attenuata pollen, GA3, GA4 and GA7 have been characterized by GC-MS and a fourth, less polar, GA with chromatographic characteristics similar to GA9 was shown to be present. At least two other as yet unidentified, less polar GA-like substances are also present in the dormant and/or germinating pollen. The concentration of the GA9-like substance, and of GA4 and GA7, decreases during germination, while peaks of biological activity of a more polar nature increase. The most predominant of the polar peaks present 15 hr after germination was GA3. 相似文献
14.
15.
Lisheng Kong Patrick von Aderkas L. Irina Zaharia 《Journal of Plant Growth Regulation》2016,35(1):172-182
In long-shoot buds of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm), cone-bud initiation and gender differentiation occur in a site-specific manner: female cone buds are normally restricted to the distal portion, whereas male cone buds are located in the proximal portion. Application of a paste containing two plant growth regulators gibberellins A4 + A7 (GA4/7) combined with thidiazuron (TDZ) to long-shoot buds prior to cone-bud gender determination altered endogenous phytohormone profiles and induced female cone-bud formation in the proximal portion of the long-shoot bud, where male cone buds normally occur. Induced cone clusters observed in the following spring were either entirely female or a mixture of both female and male cones. Endogenous phytohormones in the long-shoot bud tissues were quantified by the stable isotope dilution method using high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Applied GA4/7 + TDZ led to increased concentrations of endogenous zeatin-type cytokinins, that is, trans-zeatin riboside and dihydrozeatin riboside, whereas concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and its catabolite, ABA glucose ester, were decreased, all relative to control, in untreated long-shoot bud tissue. Concentrations of extractable GA4 and GA7 declined in long-shoot bud tissues over 4 weeks following treatment with exogenous GA4/7. This study demonstrates that high levels of endogenous zeatin-type cytokinins, together with reduced levels of ABA, both induced by applied GA4/7 + TDZ, are positively associated with an increased female cone-bud formation in long-shoot buds. 相似文献
16.
The levels of endogenous gibberellin A1 (GA1), GA3, GA4, GA9 and a cellulase-hydrolysable GA9-conjugate in needles and shoot stems of Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.] grafts with different coning or flowering histories were estimated by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry selected ion monitoring using deuterated GA3, GA4 and GA9 as internal standards. The samples were taken at the approximate time of the start of flower-bud differentiation, i.e. when the shoots had elongated approx. 95% of the final length. The needles of the good-flowering clones contained 11–12 ng per g fresh weight (FW) and 15–28 ng· (g FW) –1 of GA9-conjugate and GA9, respectively. The shoot stems of the same material contained no detectable amounts of GA9-conjugate and 11–15 ng-(g FW)–1 of GA9. The amounts of GA9-conjugate and GA9 were apparently lower in the poor-flowering clones, the needles containing 4–9 ng-(g FW)–1 and 7–17 ng·(g FW)–1, respectively. Also in this material the shoot stems contained no detectable amounts of GA9-conjugate. The amounts of GA4 were very small in both materials, ranging from 1–1.6 ng-(g FW)–1. The good-flowering clones contained no detectable amounts of the more polar gibberellins, GA1 and GA3. The poor-flowering clones, on the other hand, contained high levels of GA15 17–19ng·(gFW)–1 in the needles and 10–13 ng·(g FW) –1 in the shoot stems, and also smaller amounts of GA3, 2–3 ng·(g FW)–1 in the needles and approx. 1 ng·(g FW)–1 in the shoot stems. The results demonstrate differences in GA-metabolism between the poor- and the good-flowering clones. The higher amounts of GA9-conjugate and GA9 might indicate a higher capacity for synthesizing GA4 in the good-flowering material. This synthesis does not, however, result in a build-up of the GA4-pool, maybe because of a high rate of turnover. Gibberellin A4 was apparently neither hydroxylated to GA1 nor converted to GA3 in the goodflowering material, as was the case in the poor-flowering material. This might indicate that gibberellin metabolism in the poor-flowering material is directed towards GA1 and GA3, GAs preferentially used in vegetative growth.Abbreviations FW
fresh weight
- GAn
gibberellin An
- HPLC
high-performance liquid chromatography 相似文献
17.
Endogenous gibberellins (GAs) were extracted from flushing (expanding) vegetative buds of river alder (Alnus tenuifolia), European white birch (Betula pendula), and aspen (Populus tremuloides) and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with full scans and/or selected ion monitoring. Five 13-hydroxylated GAs were detected from the three trees: GA1, 8, and 20 from alder, GA1, 8, 19 and 20 from aspen and GA1, 8, 19, 20, and 29 from birch. Thirteen other GAs previously detected in Salix or common in other plants were specifically investigated but not detected. The presence of GA1, its probable precursors GA19 and GA20, and its probable metabolite, GA8, suggests that the early 13-hydroxylated GA biosynthetic pathway is dominant in vegetative buds of these trees. Abundant endogenous GAs of these trees are similar to the principal GAs of willows (various Salix spp.) and poplars (various Populus spp.). This suggests similarities in the GA physiology and is consistent with a common role of GA1 as a regulator of shoot growth in woody angiosperms. 相似文献
18.
以云南省瑞丽市勐秀林场扦插种植的薇甘菊为试材,采用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术对花芽未分化期和花序原基分化期花芽中的生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)、脱落酸(ABA)、反式玉米素(tZ)、异戊烯腺嘌呤(IP)、1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)、茉莉酸(JA)和水杨酸(SA)含量进行定量分析,同时基于转录组基因功能注释数据对内源激素合成、代谢及信号转导途径相关基因进行表达分析,以探讨不同内源激素对薇甘菊花芽形成的调控作用,以及内源激素合成和信号转导途径相关基因调控薇甘菊花芽分化的机制,为后期通过外源激素调控薇甘菊内源激素水平的方式来控制薇甘菊的有性繁殖提供理论和技术支持。结果表明:(1)薇甘菊未分化期花芽中GA15、GA19、GA20、GA24、IAA、ABA和ETH含量低于花序原基分化期,而未分化期花芽中两种细胞分裂素tZ和IP含量显著高于花序原基分化期。(2)基于RNA-seq测序结果,在薇甘菊两个花芽分化时期共获得7 116个差异表达基因(DEGs),其中上调3 907个,下调3 209个。(3)在内源激素合成方面,参与GA15、GA19、GA20、GA24、IAA、ABA和ACC合成的大量DEGs在花序原基分化期上调表达,这与它们在薇甘菊花序原基分化期的高含量趋势相一致;参与IAA合成的YUCCA基因家族和ACC合成的ACS基因在花序原基分化期的高表达也可能参与促进薇甘菊花芽分化。(4)在植物激素转导途径中,在花序原基分化期,生长素信号转导途径通过AUX/IAA(gene-E3N88_07743)的下调表达和ARF(gene-E3N88_41119)的上调表达,乙烯信号转导途径通过ERF(gene-E3N88_41547)的上调表达,赤霉素信号转导途径通过GID1(gene-E3N88_19448)基因的上调表达,细胞分裂素信号转导途径通过B-ARR(gene-E3N88_28086)和A-RRR(gene-E3N88_40764)基因的下调表达,脱落酸途径通过AREB(gene-E3N88_18558)基因的上调表达,茉莉酸信号转导途径通过JAZ(gene-E3N88_05628)的上调表达和MYC2(gene-E3N88_32405)的下调表达来调控薇甘菊花芽分化。研究发现,高水平的GA15、GA19、GA20、GA24、IAA、ABA和ACC有利于薇甘菊的花芽分化;薇甘菊在花芽分化过程中通过改变不同种类内源激素合成、代谢基因的表达来调控激素浓度,而激素又通过信号转导途径引起下游基因的表达,进而调控薇甘菊的花芽分化。 相似文献
19.
The gib1 mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is deficient in endogenous gibberellins and exhibits phenotypes including extreme dwarfism, reduced germination, and abnormal flower development, which are reversed by the application of gibberellic acid (GA3). Previous work has demonstrated that, in stamens of the gib1 mutant, pollen mother-cell development arrests at the premeiotic G1 stage (Jacobsen and Olszewski 1991, Plant Physiol. 97, 409–414). Following GA3 treatment of developmentally arrested flowers, pollen mother-cell development resumes and is synchronous. The present study examines gibberellin-induced changes in the translatable mRNA populations of developmentally arrested stamens and of vegetative shoots of the gib1 mutant. Following rescue of developmentally arrested stamens by treatment with GA3, we consistently detected increases and decreases in the abundance of 14 and 20 in-vitro translation products, respectively. Some of these changes were first detected 8 h post treatment and therefore represent the first changes observed in stamens whose development has been rescued by GA3 treatment. In vegetative gib1 shoots, the abundance of 13 in-vitro translation products decreased within 6–24 h after GA3 treatment. However, no in-vitro translation products that increased in abundance after GA3 treatment were detected. 相似文献
20.
Endogenous levels of two gibberellins, GA3 andGA20, were quantified in unimbibed Onopordumnervosum seeds collected from two different populations, whichshoweddifferences in their germination capacity. After purifying the seed extracts,gibberellin levels were evaluated by gas chromatography mass spectrometry byusing selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) adding deuterated gibberellins asinternal standards. The intraspecific differences in germination capacity wereassociated with differences in the endogenous levels of both gibberellins. Thecontents of GA3 and GA20 in seeds with high germinationrate were twice and five times higher, respectively, than those from seeds witha low germination rate, indicating a possible role of gibberellins in dormancyrelease in this plant species. 相似文献