黄缘阿扁叶蜂初步研究

黄缘阿扁叶蜂Acan功时出加vomafg加amMaa属膜翅B（Hymenoptera）广背叶蜂总科（Megalodontodea）,扁叶蜂科（Pmphiliidae）,阿扁叶蜂属（Acantholyda）;是马尾松、云南松、华山松的重要食叶害虫。1990年以来在贵州省六枝特区花德河林场大量发生,危害严重,每年成灾面积都在30Ohm以上,单株虫口密度高达2500多条,使松树生长受到严重影响,并出现了个别单株死亡的现象。几年来,各级林业部门投入了大量的人力、物力,组织了多次防治,对该虫的生物学特性和防治方法进行了初步观察研究,结果如下：正形态特征1．1成虫：雌虫体长15～16…     

树杆注药防治油松扁叶蜂

用40%氧化乐果乳油对油松扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis posticalisMatsumura进行树杆注射用药,防治技术简单易行、省工省时、环境污染小、成本低、防效达97%,适用大田防治。     

鞭角华扁叶蜂自然种群生命表

鞭角华扁叶蜂Chinolydaflagellicornis（F．Smith）是危害柏木的主要害虫,近年来在长江沿岸柏木防护林区发生严重,造成灾害。为了解该虫的种群动态规律及影响虫口数量变动的致死原因,并为该虫的预测预报提供资料,笔者于1995～1996年在忠县、云阳两县对鞭角华扁叶蜂自然种群进行了观察,现将结果整理于后。1生命表的研制过程1．1生命表观察虫期的划分[1]：根据鞭角华扁鞭角华扁叶蜂平均生命表叶蜂的发育进度和生活习性,将整个世代划分为卵期,1、2、3、4～6龄幼虫期,预蛹期,蛹期和成虫期共8个发育阶段。l．2观察方法。于1995—1996…     

云杉阿扁叶蜂幼虫龄期与取食量观测

云杉阿扁叶蜂AcantholydapiceacolaXiaoetZhou的幼虫隐藏于虫粪结成的虫巢内，在取食针叶时将头、胸伸出虫巢，停息或受惊扰时即缩回。由于虫巢质地紧密、不易拉开，因此确定该虫龄期及发育进度很困难。曾有报道云杉阿扁叶蜂幼虫龄期为5龄[1]，而各龄期幼虫取食量及虫体大小未见详细报道。为了确定此虫的最佳防治时期和防治阈值，获得可靠预测预报资料，我们于1995年在甘肃省山丹县大黄山林场对云杉阿扁叶蜂幼虫头宽、体长、龄期及取食量作了详细观测，现将结果整理如下。更方法（1）林间选择大小均匀的二年生青海云杉枝条，将刚孵化的幼…     

鞭角华扁叶蜂对自然生境柏木挥发物释放的影响

植物挥发物（Volatile organic compounds;VOCs）在植物抵御害虫侵袭的过程中具有重要作用。本研究以重庆市云阳县长江林场人工林中健康和受害柏木为研究对象,通过VOCs测定分析发现鞭角华扁叶蜂虫害发生之前,两种柏木共计有37种VOCs成分,主要为萜类化合物,其次为醇、酯、醛、烷烃等类化合物;其中健康柏木特有驱赶作用的2-莰醇（龙脑）,受害柏木特有吸引作用的顺式-2-癸烯醛,其余35种为共有成分;各成分浓度在两种柏木中存在较大差异。虫害发生之后,两种柏木共计有32种VOCs成分,而2-莰醇、顺式-2-癸烯醛、薄荷醇、臭樟脑和α-石竹烯等5种成分消失;许多成分的浓度变化趋势与虫害发生前的相反。结果表明健康与受害柏木VOCs释放的差异可能是柏木能否抵御鞭角华扁叶蜂侵害的主要防御机制之一,这将为优良抗虫柏木选育提供理论依据和参考指标。     

鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫期的呼吸代谢

报道了鞭角华扁叶蜂Chinolyda flagellicornis幼虫不同发育时期的耗氧量.试验表明,鞭角华扁叶蜂的耗氧量随着幼虫的生长发育而增加,在同一龄期内,耗氧量与虫体鲜重呈2次曲线相关;在不同的龄期之间,耗氧量则与虫体鲜重的0.8299次方成正比.在同一龄期内,幼虫的代谢速率呈抛物线状;在整个幼虫期随着龄期的增加而呈下降趋势.     

鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫的营养成分分析

采用现代分析技术手段对鞭角华扁叶蜂Chinolydaflagellicornis(F.Smith)幼虫的主要营养成分进行分析,结果表明其鲜虫浆的蛋白质、氨基酸、粗脂肪、糖类及灰分含量分别为17.1%,13.5%,6.7%,1.0%和1.5%,胆固醇含量为0.3mg/g;含有7种人体必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的43.0%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸含量的比值为75.3%,第一限制性氨基酸为含硫氨基酸,即蛋氨酸和胱氨酸;同时,其不饱和脂肪酸与必需脂肪酸分别占总脂肪的61.3%和24.3%,特别是油酸和亚麻酸含量较高,分别达37.0%和18.4%;此外,还含有K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn等多种矿物质和微量元素。最后在分析其营养价值的基础上,对鞭角华扁叶蜂幼虫的开发利用价值进行了评价。     

异耦阿扁叶蜂的生物学及其防治

异耦阿扁叶蜂(Acantholyda dim orphaM aa)是马尾松(Pinus massonianaLamb.)的食叶害虫,局部可对马尾松林的生长造成损失。此虫在浙江省松阳县1 a发生1代,以预蛹在土茧内越冬。成虫于3月中旬至4月下旬羽化,并在当年生嫩针叶上产卵。幼虫于5月中旬至6月中旬成熟并陆续入土。     

中国扁蜂科两新种(膜翅目,树蜂亚目,扁蜂科)

记述中国扁蜂科2新种:黄褐阿扁蜂 Acantholydaxanthiana Wei et Niu,sp.nov.和黑胫腮扁蜂 Cephalcia nigrotibialisWei,sp.nov..新种模式标本保存于中南林业科技大学昆虫模式标本室.黄褐阿扁蜂.新种 Acantholyda xanthiana Wei et Niu,sp.nov.(图1～5)本种与缅甸分布的 Acantholyda birmanica Shinohara et Benes,2005很近似,但各足股节、腹部背板无黑斑,前后翅端部深烟褐色,前翅翅痣下侧具1条短且狭窄的黑带,翅痣黑色,周缘黄色,R1脉黑色,唇基前缘非常直,后颊脊非常弱,单眼后区长等于宽,触角第3节约等长于触角柄节和梗节之和,约3倍于第4节长,腹部背板具微弱刻纹,光泽很强.正模♀,安徽金寨天堂寨,1 220m,2006-05-02,牛耕耘.词源:新种种名的种加词xanthiana意为黄色的,指新种虫体黄色,无明显黑斑.黑胫腮扁蜂.新种 Cephalcia nigrotibialis Wei,sp.nov.(图6～8)本种与Cephalcia tienmua Maa,1949最近似,区别为:本种触角第3节等长于第1节,2倍于第4节长;各足股节和胫节全部黑色,触角端部6节黑色;翅痣黑色,端部无黄斑,翅基片白色,中胸前侧片具1个白斑;中胸小盾片长大于宽.正模♀,陕西周至楼观台,899 m,2006-05-25,杨青;副模1♀,河南内乡宝天曼,1 300～1 400m,2004-07-24,刘卫星.词源:新种种名的种加词由nigro-和tibialis组成,指其胫节全部黑色.     

从松叶蜂分离的球孢白僵菌及其致病性

从东北伊通红松林采集的自然染病死亡的帕克阿扁松叶蜂Acantholyda 虫尸上分离获得一株球孢白僵菌,定名为FDB01。用该菌株孢子悬浮液感染油松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis和落叶松叶蜂Pristiphora erichsonii幼虫,研究该菌株的致病情况。结果表明,用浓度为2×108孢子/mL的孢子悬浮液处理16d后,该菌株对油松阿扁叶蜂和落叶松叶蜂的致死率分别达到了94.4%和100%,说明该菌株对松叶蜂具有很强的致病力。     

The sawfly <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acantholyda flaviceps</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera,Pamphiliidae) in Russia

Some biological features of the sawfly Acantholyda erythrocephala, previously unknown as the mass pest of the Siberian pine, are given. The focus of this species in Tomsk Province has been active during the last 15–20 years. The population dynamics of sawflies in this focus during 12 years is given. The phenology, distribution of eggs by females, age differences between larvae, and characteristics of the forest stand where an outburst of mass breeding was observed, are described.     

A synopsis of the sawflies (Hymenoptera: Symphyta) of America south of the United States: introduction, Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Cimbicidae, Diprionidae, Xiphydriidae, Siricidae, Orussidae, Cephidae

Abstract Eight families of Symphyta for the Western Hemisphere south of the United States are reviewed: Xyelidae (one genus, two species), Pamphiliidae (one genus, four species), Cimbicidae (five genera, nine species), Diprionidae (three genera, thirteen species), Xiphydriidae (four genera, seventeen species), Siricidae (six genera, nine species), Orussidae (five genera, twelve species), and Cephidae (one genus, one species). New taxa are Acantholyda nigrostigmata (Pamphiliidae); Zadiprionfalsus, Neodiprion bicolor, N.equalis, N.omosus (Diprionidae); Derecyrta circularis, Steirocephala lateralba (Xiphydriidae); Sirotremex, S.flammeus (Siricidae); and Ophrynopus depressatus, O.plaumanni (Orussidae). Lopesiana is a new name for Lopesia Conde (Cimbicidae). Three new combinations and six new synonyms are proposed. The Xyelidae, Pamphiliidae, Diprionidae, Siricidae and Cephidae are primarily northern groups with southern extensions into Mexico, Central America and/or Cuba. The Cimbicidae, Xiphydriidae and Orussidae are more generally distributed throughout the neotropics. Keys to families, genera and species are provided.     

泰安地区松阿扁叶蜂越冬幼虫抗寒性

松阿扁叶蜂越是松树的重要食叶害虫之一。其幼虫在松林土壤中越冬,越冬幼虫的抗寒能力影响翌年的种群密度和危害程度。用NTC-TD热敏电阻 数字电表法研究了越冬幼虫的过冷却能力并调查了越冬场所、龄期、死亡率等。结果表明:越冬幼虫的过冷却点随外界温度的高低而变化。4、5、6龄越冬幼虫平均过冷却点依次由越冬初期的-19.3℃-、20.3℃-、21.6℃降至越冬期的-22.5℃-、24.8℃-、23.1℃,冰点依次由越冬初期的-12.8℃-、12.9℃-、12.1℃降至越冬期的-14.1℃、-16.8℃-、15.3℃。从越冬期进入早春出蛰期后,随着温度的回升,过冷却点也随之升高。调查林间越冬幼虫龄期表明,4龄、5龄、6龄皆有,以5龄为最多,占53%;越冬幼虫以山坡中部和顶部土壤瘠薄处虫口密度较小,分别占28.6%和29.3%,山坡基部土层较厚处密度较大,占42.1%;越冬幼虫在树冠内的分布,以南部方位最多(27.0%),东部方位(26.3%)和西部方位(25.6%)略少,北部方位最少(21.1%);调查幼虫死亡因子,以真菌感染致死最多,占总死亡数的42.4%,细菌和其它因子分别为28%和29.7%。     

松阿扁叶蜂对不同树种挥发物的触角电位反应

用MS302生物信号记录分析系统,以顶端记录法测定松阿扁叶蜂成虫对不同树种挥发性物质的EAG反应。结果显示,该蜂成虫对其嗜好的油松、赤松、华山松挥发物的EAG反应敏感,雌成虫放电频率分别为45.2次/s、42.1次/s、42.3次/s,电位值依次为1 022 mV、1.139 mV、0.706 mV, 但对其非寄主树种的侧柏挥发物反应微弱,对空气无反应。雌成虫对油松挥发物的不同气流量17 mL/s、17 mL/s、85 mL/s的放电频率和电位值分别为24.8次/s、45.2次/s、46.6次/s和0.533 mV、1.022 mV、1.316 mV,表明EAG反应程度因挥发物气流量浓度不同而变化。触角电位与选择性行为的测试结果基本一致,表明松阿扁叶蜂在寄主选择过程中,触角的嗅觉功能起着重要作用。     

An attempt at the liquidation of a primary center of mass appearance of injurious insect with the application of complex method

Résumé Les auteurs discutent les résultats de l'expérimentation de la méthode complexe à la liquidation du foyer primaire de gradation deAcantholyda nemoralis Thoms. Ce complexe comprenait les expériences suivantes: concentration de Sangliers, concentration d'Oiseaux, colonisation artificielle de Fourmis, application deTrichogramma embryophagum Htg., introduction deNeoaplectana janickii Weis. etKoeh. ainsi que les anneaux toxiques. Les résultats obtenus sont satisfaisants.      

Application of 16S rDNA-DGGE and Plate Culture to Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Sawfly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acantholyda erythrocephala</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera,Pamphiliidae)

Culture-based analysis was employed in parallel with PCR amplification of 16S rDNA, coupled with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), to profile bacterial species associated with different developmental stages of the pine false webworm (PFW), Acantholyda erythrocephala, a sawfly pest responsible for incidents of severe defoliation in commercially important tree plantations in North America. Culture-based analysis revealed that Pseudomonas spp. along with Bacillus sphaericus and Arthrobacter sp. were the predominant components of the microflora of the internal organs and identified life-stage-specific associations including Photorhabdus temperata with egg and larval samples and a Janthinobacterium sp. with eonymphs. PCR-DGGE confirmed the predominance of Pseudomonas spp. and B. sphaericus in the majority of samples but did not detect Arthrobacter sp., P. temperate, or Janthinobacterium sp. In contrast, DGGE revealed the presence of a Chryseobacterium sp. as the predominant component of the PFW micoflora at all life stages, with the exception of adults. This species had been infrequently cultured, at low levels, from a limited number of samples and the existence of a possible relationship between this bacterium and the PFW had gone unnoticed using the culture-based approach. Our findings highlight the advantages of applying a dual approach to the study of microbe-insect associations and demonstrate that the benefits of one system can be used to overcome some of the limitations of the other.