针叶树体细胞胚胎发生的研究进展

简要回顾了针叶树体细胞胚胎发生的研究历史,并对针叶树体细胞胚发生的基本程序、影响因素及应用前景了综述。     

ABA对枸杞体细胞胚发生的调节作用

Using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method, we determined the ABA contents of different stages in somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that endogenous ABA contents increased to maximum value twice during somatic embryogenesis. After first maximum value of ABA contents embryogenic cells were observed in callus, and simultaneously, there was a specific protein of somatic embryogenesis investigated by SDS-PAGE. This protein accumulates preferentially in embryogenic callus but not in transferred callus. So it is suggested that ABA could promote the expression of specific genes and the synthesis of embryogenic protein during somatic embryogenesis in Lycium barbarum L. and ABA play an important role in globular stage as well. In addition, treatment of non-embryogenic activity callus with 4 mumol/L exogenous ABA could stimulate somatic embryogenesis. And the ABA function mechanism in relation to somatic embryogenesis was discussed.     

针叶树体细胞无性系研究和应用进展

针叶树体细胞无性系的建立是加速其品种改良和良种繁育的基础,在无性系林业的发展,园林绿经和环境保护等方面也有十分重要的作用。本文从形态发生的不同途径全面综述了目前国内外有关针叶树体细胞胚胎发生,器官发生和腋芽增殖植标再生的研究进展,概括了每一形态发生途径的培养过程,影响因素及其在实际生产中的应用前景。     

针叶树体细胞无性系研究和应用进展

针叶树体细胞无性系的建立是加速其品种改良和良种繁育的基础,在无性系林业的发展、园林绿化和环境保护等方面也有十分重要的作用。本文从形态发生的不同途径全面综述了目前国内外有关针叶树体细胞胚胎发生、器官发生和腋芽增殖植株再生的研究进展,概括了每一形态发生途径的培养过程、影响因素及其在实际生产中的应用前景。同时对不同形态发生途径的树种及其在外植体来源和分化与再生结果的不同等的文献报道进行了详尽的统计和收录,为我国充分开展这一方面的研究提供了有价值的资料 。     

黄连体细胞胚胎发生的同步控制

本文采用物理、化学方法以及生长调节剂与过筛相结合的综合法,对黄连体细胞胚胎发生进行了同步控制。结果发现:综合法效果最理想,经2,4-D诱导形成体胚后,转到ABA+NAA的MS培养基上培养,然后分级过筛,再继代培养,可使体胚同步率明显增高,达到60—85%,体胚发育也正常。由此我们认为:体细胞胚胎发生同步控制的关键问题,是用植物生长调节剂的种类与浓度的配合使用来调节体胚发育,分级过筛只是一种获得体积大小一致的体胚的方法。     

小麦幼胚培养中的体细胞胚胎发生

小麦品种崇阳红麦和鄂思一号杂种一代幼胚培养具有再生植株的潜力。从一个幼胚经200天左右的连续培养获得530多株再生植株,并从中获得了典型的具有两极性的与愈伤组织块仅局部相连的胚状体。体细胞胚胎发生是小麦幼胚培养的主要途径,但受培养条件的影响,以MS培养基作基本培养基,低浓度2,4-D(0.4mg/1)和水解酪蛋白(1000mg/l)有利于体细胞胚胎发生。     

体细胞胚胎发生在柑桔生物技术中的应用

本文概述体细胞胚胎发生在柑桔原生质体培养,花药培养,苗木脱毒、胚乳培养,快速繁殖,抗盐突变体筛选和基因工程等研究领域的应用,并对胚发生在柑桔生物技术上的应用一些看法。     

文冠果的体细胞胚胎发生

文冠果种子在MS 6-BA 1.0 mg·L-1 2,4-D 1.0 mg·L-1 NAA 1.0 mg·L-1 3%蔗糖的固体培养基上暗培养,形成愈伤组织,愈伤组织在B5 6-BA0.5mg·L-1 NAA0.5mg·L-1 2%蔗糖的培养基中弱光悬浮培养形成体细胞胚.在蔗糖为1%时,子叶状胚萌发形成完整小植株.细胞学观察表明,文冠果体细胞胚源于胚性愈伤组织的外层细胞,此区域细胞富含淀粉粒.     

甘蔗原生质体的体细胞胚胎发生

用甘蔗(台糖134)花粉植株叶外植体产生的愈伤组织,作为分离原生质体的材料。原生质体以液体浅层培养的方式培养在修改的 MS 培养基上,经培养后一周内,观察到第一次细胞分裂,约5—6周后,形成了愈伤组织。将胚性细胞团组成的愈伤组织转移到除去或降低2,4-D浓度,但含有 BA 的分化培养基上,约2—3周后,有的愈伤组织发育了胚芽鞘,另一些愈伤组织分化出胚根或根。系统观察了这些原生质体在分裂和愈伤组织形成过程中的体细胞胚胎发生。     

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Somatic Embryogenesis of Peucedanum terebinthaccum

The influence of different plant growth regulators including 2,4-D,ZT, 6-BA and ABA on somatic embryogenesis and the amount of endogenous ABA at different stages of embryogenesis was investigated. The effect of each plant growth regulator changed according to the stage of embryogenesis. The amount of endogenous ABA was rather high in single cell stage, decreased at cell clump and embryogenic cell clump stages and dramatically increased at globular embryo stage. It decreased again as the embryo developed. This change in amount of the endogenous ABA explained very well the difference in the effect of exogenous ABA when applied at different stages of embryogenesis.     

ABA对玉米响应干旱胁迫的调控机制

玉米(Zea mays L.)在生长期常常受到干旱的胁迫,而脱落酸(ABA)调节的生长响应是植物对逆境信号的一个基本反应. 本文对近年来国内外有关ABA提高玉米抗氧化防护系统,保护细胞免受氧化损伤,增加可溶性渗透剂(如脯氨酸)维持细胞内的水分,以及与其它激素相互作用影响玉米器官发育等的研究进展进行综述,以了解ABA调控玉米根系、叶片和籽粒的耐旱机理.     

ABA与植物胁迫抗性

ABA是一种重要的植物激素,受到生物胁迫和非生物胁迫的调控,在植物对胁迫耐受性和抗性中发挥着重要作用。本文着重阐述了植物胁迫对ABA的生物合成和代谢的调控、ABA在调控气孔关闭和调控基因表达从而调控植物耐逆性方面的作用,以及植物胁迫信号转导途径间的联系和交叉。     

Somatic Embryogenesis in Leguminous Plants

Abstract: This review examines recent advances in the induction and development of somatic embryos in leguminous plants. Emphasis has been given to identify the current trends and successful strategies for the establishment of somatic embryogenic systems, particularly in the economically important species. It appears that, in legumes, somatic embryogenesis can be realized relatively easily especially in young meristematic tissues such as immature embryos and developing leaves. In the majority of the species examined, chlorophenoxyacetic acids remained the most active inductive compounds; however, the new generation growth regulators such as thidiazuron are emerging as successful alternatives for high-frequency direct regeneration of somatic embryos, even from well differentiated explant tissues. Low-frequency embryo production, poor germination and conversion of somatic embryos into plantlets and somaclonal variation are the major impediments limiting the utility of somatic embryogenesis for biotechnological applications in legumes. These limitations, however, may be considerably reduced in the near future, as more newly developed growth regulators with specific morphogenic targets become available for experimentation. From the published data, it is apparent that more effort should be given to develop repetitive embryogenic systems with high frequency of germination and regeneration, since such systems will find immediate application in mass propagation and other crop improvement programmes. As our understanding of various morphogenic processes, including growth and differentiation of zygotic embryos, is fast expanding, it is conceivable that development of highly efficient somatic embryogenic systems with practical application can be anticipated, at least for the important leguminous crops, in the foreseeable future.     

水分胁迫积累的ABA诱导抗氧化防护系统的信号级联

水分胁迫是限制植物生长发育的主要胁迫因子之一。植物通过感受刺激,产生和传递信号、启动多种防御机制对水分胁迫做出响应和适应。脱落酸(ABA)作为一种重要的植物体内胁迫激素,参与了许多这样的反应。研究表明,ABA增强植物水分胁迫的忍耐力与ABA诱导的抗氧化剂防护系统有关;且细胞溶质Ca2 ([Ca2 ]i)、活性氧(ROS)等许多第二信使参与了ABA诱导的信号转导过程。本文就这些信号分子在水分胁迫积累的内源ABA诱导的抗氧化剂防护系统中的作用作一综述。     

Efficient Somatic Embryogenesis in Alstroemeria

In Alstroemeria high frequencies of compact embryogenic callus (CEC) induction (40%) and friable embryogenic callus (FEC) induction (15%) were obtained from nodes with axil tissue cultured first on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 10 μM thidiazuron and 0.5 μM indole-3-butyric acid and after that on a Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 9.1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid and 2.2 μM benzylaminopurine (BA). Both types of callus were maintained on modified MS medium supplemented with 20.8 μM picloram. CEC and FEC formed somatic embryos and subsequently plants when transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2.2 μM BA. Plants were produced after 12 weeks (CEC) or after 16 weeks (FEC) of culture. Regenerated plants were established in the greenhouse and flowered normally.     

落叶松体细胞的胚胎发生

简要回顾了重要用材树种落叶松体细胞胚胎发生的研究历史,并对落叶松体细胞胚胎发生的基本步骤、影响体细胞胚胎发生的因素及其主要应用,进行了综述,同时就落叶松体胚发生的研究趋势作了展望.