金针菇保鲜贮藏研究

金针菇经过ＰＥ袋包装,减压,充气,低温等处理进行保鲜贮藏,经测定结果表明,各处理组的水份丧失,干物质消耗,呼吸强度和粗纤维的含量均比对照低,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、蛋白质和维生素Ｃ的含量虽比贮前略低,但均比对照高,从外观观察,各处理均有较好的保鲜作用。     

食用菌贮藏保鲜研究

食用菌贮藏保鲜研究李惠民,贺军民食用菌味道鲜美,营养丰富,国内外需求量很大。但常由于保鲜技术不过关,致使其品质、色泽、风味在短时间内骤变,严重影响其商品价值,造成经济上的巨大损失。故研究食用菌的贮藏保鲜有着重要的意义。本文的目的就在于阐明食用菌变色腐...     

金针菇保鲜贮藏研究

金针菇经过PE袋包装、减压、充气、低温等处理进行保鲜贮藏,经测定结果表明,各处理组的水份丧失、干物质消耗、呼吸强度和粗纤维的含量均比对照低,可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、蛋白质和维生素C的含量虽比贮前略低,但均比对照高。从外观观察,各处理均有较好的保鲜作用。     

不同保鲜液对郁金香切花保鲜及其贮藏的影响

 本文研究了不同保鲜液及贮藏20-40天后对郁金香切花瓶插寿命的影响。结果表明：1. 保鲜液延长了切花的插瓶保鲜时间;2. 预处理提高了开花率及开花时间;3. 经一个月以上贮藏,开花率及插瓶保鲜时间明显下降;4. 不同品种的耐贮性能不同。     

土壤熏蒸剂棉隆和生物菌肥对草莓连作土壤真菌多样性的影响

【背景】草莓是我国和世界上重要的园艺作物,主要采用一年一栽的栽培模式,导致连作现象普遍存在,其中真菌性病害引起的土传病害是草莓栽培中面临的一个主要问题。【目的】以草莓连作土壤为材料,探讨土壤熏蒸剂棉隆加生物菌肥对草莓连作土壤微生物真菌多样性的影响,以期为草莓连作障碍治理提供理论依据。【方法】分别采集棉隆消毒前(A)、棉隆消毒后(B)、棉隆消毒后未添加生物菌肥(C1)和添加生物菌肥(C2)初花期的草莓连作土壤(或根际土壤)样本,提取DNA,通过PCR扩增建立文库,利用Hi Seq 2500平台Illumina第二代高通量测序技术并结合相关生物信息学,分析土壤真菌ITS1区域的丰富度、多样性以及群落结构。【结果】从4个不同处理草莓连作土壤样本中获得了723个真菌OTU(Operational taxonomic unit),其中子囊菌门和担子菌门均为优势真菌。多样性和丰富度研究发现,棉隆处理降低草莓连作土壤微生物丰富度和多样性;添加生物菌肥增加根际土壤生物丰富度,并降低其多样性。从门水平看,棉隆处理担子菌门真菌比例减少,子囊菌门真菌比例增加;添加生物菌肥处理两者比例均有增加。优势真菌群落分析表明棉隆消毒减少了枝顶孢属、曲霉属、管柄囊霉属、镰刀菌属、踝节菌属、链格孢属等真菌比例,增加了马拉色氏霉菌属、线孢虫草菌属、侧耳属等真菌比例;添加生物菌肥减少了管柄囊霉属、镰刀菌属、被孢菌属、轮枝菌属、隔指孢属等真菌比例,增加了曲霉属、青霉菌属、踝节菌属、简单壳菌属等真菌比例。【结论】采用棉隆消毒和生物菌肥处理草莓连作土壤可降低微生物真菌群落的多样性,并减少或灭杀土壤中的大部分致病菌属,增加有益菌属,起到有效防治草莓土传病害的作用。     

草莓叶片光合作用对强光的响应及其机理研究

用便携式调制叶绿素荧光仪和光合仪研究了强光下草莓叶片荧光参数及表观量子效率的变化.结果表明,Fm、Fv/Fm、PSⅡ无活性反应中心数量和Q_A的还原速率在强光下降低,在暗恢复时升高;而PSⅡ反应中心非还原性Q_B的比例在强光下增加,在暗恢复时降低.上述荧光参数的变化幅度均以强光胁迫或暗恢复的前10 min最大.强光下Φ_PSII、ETR和qP先升高后降低,但qN先大幅度降低,然后小幅回升.强光处理4 h后,丰香和宝交早生的表观量子效率(AQY)分别降低了20.9%和37.5%;qE(能量依赖的非光化学猝灭)为NPQ(非光化学猝灭)的最主要成分.强光胁迫下丰香的Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、Φ_PSII、ETR和AQY的变化幅度均明显比宝交早生小.DTT处理后,草莓叶片的Fm和Fv/Fm明显降低,Fo显著升高.可以认为,依赖叶黄素循环和类囊体膜质子梯度两种非辐射能量耗散在草莓叶片防御光损伤方面起着重要作用,丰香的光合机构比宝交早生更耐强光.     

转基因鲤对几种环境因子耐受能力的研究

1　引　　言自 1980年美国华盛顿大学Ｒ Ｄ Ｐｌａｍｉｔｅｒ等利用转基因技术成功地育成世界上第一个“超级鼠”以来 ,世界范围的转基因生物的研究在植物、动物、微生物中相继开展 ,并取得了可喜的成绩 .转基因鱼 (Ｔｒａｎｓｇｅｎｉｃｆｉｓｈ)的研究稍晚于晡乳动物 ,2 0世纪 80年代中期 ,中国、法国、日本、美国、德国及加拿大等国先后开展转基因泥鳅、鲤鱼、虹鳟、青鱼、罗非鱼和大西洋鲑等的研究 .开展鱼类基因工程育种研究原因是其自身潜在的经济价值和作为转基因材料较哺乳动物有明显的优势 .大多数鱼类行体外产卵、受精和孵化的繁…     

Antifungal activity of the dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed essential oil against strawberry anthracnose under in vitro and in vivo conditions

Strawberry anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum nymphaeae, is mainly controlled by the application of synthetic chemical fungicides. The present study assessed the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) from dill (Anethum graveolens L.) seed against C. nymphaeae. The antifungal effects of dill seed EO on C. nymphaeae was initially evaluated in vitro and further extended as in vivo condition. The results indicate that in the contact and volatile assays, dill seed EO significantly inhibited mycelial growth of C. nymphaeae at all concentrations tested. Conidia germination was also significantly inhibited at concentrations of 250 – 1000 ppm. Disease incidence and severity of anthracnose on strawberry fruits were significantly reduced compared with infected control, from concentrations of 500 and 50 ppm, respectively. The results confirm the efficacy of dill seed EO against C. nymphaeae, which may represent an alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides to control strawberry anthracnose pre- and post-harvest.     

Effects of anticoagulants and storage conditions on clinical oxylipid levels in human plasma

Metabolomics and lipidomics are of fundamental importance to personalized healthcare. Particularly the analysis of bioactive lipids is of relevance to a better understanding of various diseases. Within clinical routines, blood derived samples are widely used for diagnostic and research purposes. Hence, standardized and validated procedures for blood collection and storage are mandatory, in order to guarantee sample integrity and relevant study outcomes. We here investigated different plasma storage conditions and their effect on plasma fatty acid and oxylipid levels. Our data clearly indicate the importance of storage conditions for plasma lipidomic analysis. Storage at very low temperature (?80?°C) and the addition of methanol directly after sampling are the most important measures to avoid ex vivo synthesis of oxylipids. Furthermore, we identified critical analytes being affected under certain storage conditions. Finally, we carried out chiral analysis and found possible residual enzymatic activity to be one of the contributors to the ex vivo formation of oxylipids even at ?20?°C.     

Changes in fungi and mycotoxins in pearl millet under controlled storage conditions

Pearl millet is increasingly being grown as a premium-value grain for the recreational wildlife and poultry industries in the southern US. We conducted three experiments to assess grain mold development in storage conditions typically encountered in the region of production. Variables included production year, temperature, relative humidity, atmosphere, and grain moisture content. In the first experiment, grain was stored for 9 weeks at 20 or 25°C and maintained at 86% or 91% relative humidity (r.h.). In the second experiment, grain was stored for 9 weeks at 20 or 25°C in either air (aerobic) or N₂ (anaerobic), and maintained at 100% r.h. In the third experiment, high-moisture grain was stored for 3 weeks at 20 or 25°C and maintained at 100% r.h. Grain was sampled at weekly intervals and plated to determine changes in fungal frequency. Fungi isolated included Fusarium chlamydosporum (19% of grain), Curvularia spp. (14%), F. semitectum (16%), Alternaria spp. (9%), Aspergillus flavus (8%), “Helminthosporium”-type spp. (6%), and F. moniliforme sensu lato (3%). Year of grain production significantly affected isolation frequency of fungi. Isolation frequencies from low-moisture grain were rarely affected by temperature, relative humidity, or atmosphere treatments, but was affected by storage duration for some fungi. Changes in isolation of toxigenic fungi occurred in high-moisture grain. Isolation frequency of F. chlamydosporum increased in grain stored at 86% and 91% r.h. Incidence of A. flavus increased in high-moisture grain treatments, particularly at 25°C. Incidence of deoxynivalenol was not affected by storage treatment. Low concentrations of nivalenol were detected in most grain incubated at 100% r.h. Zearalenone was detected only when grain moisture content was 20–22%. Aflatoxin contamination averaged 174 ng g⁻¹ over all treatments, and increased up to 798 ng g⁻¹ in high-moisture grain at stored at 25°C.     

A longitudinal proteomic assessment of peptide degradation and loss under acidic storage conditions

Sample preparation prior to analysis by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS) usually involves the storage of frozen peptide samples in an acidic environment for variable time periods. Questions arose in our laboratory regarding the stability of peptides in acid under medium- to long-term storage. Thus, a 10-month longitudinal study was designed to assess the effect on storage of tryptic peptides at −20 and −80 °C under acidic conditions. Our conclusion and proposal from this evaluation is that the optimal storage conditions of peptide samples in acid for proteomic experiments is at −80 °C and, ideally, as separate aliquots.     

内蒙古沙地云杉生长与生态条件关系的研究

本文根据实地调查和定位观测资料,分析了沙地云杉生长状况与生态条件的关系。沙地云杉的日高生长为昼夜生长类型,夜间生长高于昼间的146—279％。6月份高生长占全年生长量的65％,年高生长量大小取决于6月份的水热条件,在正常的年份,树高生长量较大,反之较小。沙地云杉高生长与土壤含水量有密切关系,沙丘上部比下部含水量少,高生长较低。沙地云杉为耐阴性树种,在幼年期一定程度的遮阴条件可以促进树高生长。20年以后,随年龄的增加,光强达到45％时为树高生长最大值。     

苔藓植物对环境变化的影响及适应性研究进展

苔藓植物由于其结构相对简单,对环境变化的反应较为敏感,是一类良好的生物指示植物,本文综述了水分、光照、温度等方面的环境因子变化对苔藓植物的影响以及苔藓植物对环境污染的响应及适应的最近研究进展,以期促进国内深入开展苔藓植物对环境污染和全球变化的响应、适应及其生态指示作用等研究。     

土地整理过程中碳量损失与生态补偿优化设计

土地整理改变了项目区土地利用结构,打破了生态系统碳循环平衡。在土地整理实施的过程中以及实施以后一段时期,项目区生态系统碳蓄积量必然损失．从而使项目区农业生态系统由碳汇变成了碳源。以湖北省荆门市东宝区崔院村土地整理项目区为例,拟通过对生态系统碳蓄积量的估算,并采用线性规划的方法求算土地整理规划设计的最佳土地利用结构,从而实现对土地整理所引起的生态系统碳量损失进行补偿的目标。结果表明,为了实现土地整理的耕地面积最大化目标,通过采用线性规划的方法所得到的土地利用结构优化方案能够很好地满足规划设计所涉及的各类用地的面积以及生态系统的碳量平衡等约束条件。耕地面积增加量占总土地面积的11．94％实现丁最大化目标．同时满足了道路系统和水利灌溉系统以及居民点等用地的需求,而人工林地的面积必须增加3.90hm^2,也就实现土地整理前后生态系统碳量的平衡。