Cu2O纳米颗粒对小麦根系形态及遗传毒性的影响

为了阐明Cu2O纳米颗粒(NPs)暴露对植物根系的毒性效应,本研究以小麦品种'周麦18'为材料,采用水培试验方法,研究了10、50、100和200 mg·L-1浓度的Cu2O-NPs对小麦幼苗生长、根系活性、形态结构及细胞遗传学毒性的影响.结果 表明:不同浓度的Cu2O-NPs降低了小麦幼苗的根芽长度、鲜重、根活性和根...     

三氧化二砷(As2O3)对雄性小鼠的遗传毒性的研究

本以清洁级ICR雄性小鼠为实验动物,研究As2O3对小鼠的遗传毒性。采用小鼠精子畸形实验法以及小鼠骨髓PCE微核实验法,对成年的小鼠腹腔注射0．25—6．0mg/kg/dAs2O3,染毒7d。结果表明,AsO3对小鼠的体重增长及睾丸的重量存在抑制作用,其中1．00mg/kg／d剂量AS2O3对小鼠体重增长及睾丸重量的抑制是最显的(P＜0.001);AS2O3使小鼠精子的畸形率明显增加(P＜0.001),且呈明显的剂量-效应关系;此外As2O3还使小鼠PCE微核率增加,且As2O3与PCE微核率之间也具有明显的剂量效应。结论是As2O3对雄性小鼠具有明显的遗传毒性。     

双氢青蒿素对嗜热四膜虫的毒性效应

以嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)为试验对象, 双氢青蒿素(Dihydroartemisinin, DHA)以终浓度为0(对照组)、40、80、160和320 μmol/L 分别加入到嗜热四膜虫细胞培养液中, 探讨双氢青蒿素对嗜热四膜虫的毒性作用。采用 CCK-8 法检测嗜热四膜虫细胞增殖, 倒置显微镜和荧光显微镜观察细胞的形态结构及运动, 采用流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位, 检测细胞内抗氧化还原酶活力和线粒体酶活力。结果表明, DHA显著抑制嗜热四膜虫增殖(P＜0.05), 在一定暴露时间内增殖活力和浓度呈负相关。双氢青蒿素作用嗜热四膜虫48h后各暴露组细胞皱缩变圆, 对照组细胞呈椭圆状。其中在160和320 μmol/L DHA暴露下, 嗜热四膜虫在培养基中的活动减弱, 细胞核出现固缩和浓染等特征, 线粒体膜电位显著下降(P＜0.05)。随着 DHA浓度增加, 细胞内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性先增强后下降。线粒体内琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)活性逐渐降低, 与对照组相比, 差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。上述结果表明, 双氢青蒿素对嗜热四膜虫具有毒性作用, 抗氧化酶在一定程度上能抵抗双氢青蒿素暴露导致的氧化损伤。氧化应激和线粒体损伤可能是双氢青蒿素对嗜热四膜虫产生毒性效应的重要机制。     

三氧化二砷（As2O3）对蚕豆根尖毒性效应的细胞遗传学研究

本文以蚕豆根尖为材料,研究不同浓度As2O3在不同的处理时间内对蚕豆胚根根尖的细胞遗传学毒性效应。结果表明：不同浓度的As2O3在不同处理时间内均能诱发较高的微核率和染色体畸变率,并能有效地积累中期分裂相,阻止其进入后期与末期。结论是As2O3对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的细胞遗传学毒性效应,并具有积累有丝分裂中期细胞的效应。 Abstract:The cytogenetic toxic effects of different concentration of As2O3 within different time on the cell of Vicia Faba root tip were studied.The results indicate that the different concentrations of As2O3 can induce high frequency of micronucleus and chromosome aberration.Besides,it can accumulate the metaphases in mitosis efficiently and prevent the cells from continuing their cell cycle.It shows that As2O3 has marked cytogenetic toxic effect on the root tip cells of Vicia Faba,and effect of accumulating the metaphases in mitosis.     

H2O2诱导Neuro—2a细胞死亡机理的研究

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2, can be produced by enzymes involved in electron leakage of respiration chain in mitochondria, and by neurochemical enzymes such as monoamine oxidase in neural cells. ROS are toxic to cells, and can result in cell death. ROS also play an important role in some diseases, especially in neurodegenerative diseases by yet unknown mechanisms. In the current research, the N-2a neuroblastoma cell was treated with H2O2, and the morphological changes of cell death were characterized. Our results show that N-2a cell death is different from classical apoptosis, but belongs type II nerve cell programmed death, which shows condensed chromatin within intact nuclear envelope and no apoptotic body. The chromatin DNA of dead cells shows no internucleosomal cleavage, as well as no requirement for caspase-3, 1 activity. However, the H2O2-induced N-2a cell death can be inhibited by Bcl-XL. It can be concluded that type II nerve cell death is the result of cell toxicity mediated by ROS. The results pave the way for further research of type II nerve cell death.     

外加磁场作用下磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子对肝癌细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的：观察磁性四氧化三铁（Fe3O4）纳米粒子对肝癌细胞的体外作用,并研究外加稳恒磁场（SMF）或交变磁场（EMF）对FeID4纳米粒子作用的影响。方法：光镜下观察CBRH-7919细胞对Fe3O4纳米粒子的吞噬作用;MTT法检测Fe304纳米粒子对大鼠肝癌细胞株CBRH-7919的毒性及外加磁场的影响;流式细胞术检测外加磁场作用下Fe3O4纳米粒子对细胞凋亡及线粒体膜电位的影响。结果：光镜下可见CBRH-7919细胞吞噬大量Fe3O4纳米粒子入胞浆,且交变磁场作用下细胞的吞噬量增加。30-100μg／mLFe3O4纳米粒子作用于CBRH-7919细胞未产生细胞毒性,稳恒磁场对其作用无影响,而交变磁场能增加Fe3O4纳米粒子的毒性,使细胞活性降低、凋亡率增加、线粒体膜电位降低。结论：交变磁场能增加CBRH-7919细胞对Fe3O4纳米粒子的吞噬并产生细胞毒性。     

表面改性的纳米Fe3O4颗粒用于抗血清快速分离纯化

采用硅烷化试剂Si(OC2H5)3C3H6NH2(APTES)对纳米Fe3O4颗粒表面进行氨基化改性后, 考察了不同浓度偶联剂戊二醛对于颗粒表面固定牛血清白蛋白(BSA)量的影响。此超顺磁性免疫铁颗粒(SPIO)加入兔抗BSA血清中特异性结合BSA抗体后, 用Gly-HCl缓冲液洗脱得到IgG。结果表明当戊二醛浓度大于10%时, 单位颗粒固定蛋白的量达到最大值约140 mg/mg, 10 min, 15 mg的SPIO即可将1 mL抗血清完全分离, 经过两次快速洗脱, 颗粒表面吸附的抗体即可得到纯化; 琼脂扩散实验表明分离后的抗体仍保持较高活性, SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明用此方法纯化后的兔抗BSA IgG纯度大于99%, 比传统的(NH4)2SO4法有了较大提高, 但纯化量并没有减少; SPIO在经过五次重复利用后仍能保持78%以上的分离效果。     

基于L-半胱氨酸修饰的Fe3O4@TiO2复合纳米颗粒体外光动力疗法灭活HL60细胞的试验研究

本文采用共沉淀法制备了L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)修饰的Fe3O4包裹TiO2(Fe3O4@TiO2/L-Cys)复合纳米粒子。通过透射电子显微镜(TEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对复合纳米粒子进行了表征,并讨论了复合纳米粒子对HL60细胞体外光动力疗法(PDT)灭活的影响。并对其PDT灭活机制进行了初步探索。试验表明,Fe3O4@TiO2/L-Cys复合纳米粒子分散性高,生物相容性好,对细胞的暗毒性更低,并可以有效增强靶向性,提高PDT灭活效率,在410nm波长的光激发下,光照剂量为18J/cm^2的情况下,当TiO2与Fe3O4的比例为1∶3时,整体PDT效率最高。PDT灭活效率可达69.36%。     

核壳结构CdS-TiO_2纳米颗粒体外光催化灭活白血病HL60细胞实验研究

本文研究了核壳结构CdS-TiO_2纳米颗粒光对HL60细胞光催化灭活作用,并初步探讨了CdS量子点增强TiO_2光催化灭活效率的作用机理。实验利用超声法制备了核壳结构CdS-TiO_2纳米颗粒,使用CCK-8法检测了其对白血病HL60细胞的光催化灭活效果,并采用活性氧分析和荧光发光光谱等分析手段对CdS量子点增强TiO_2光催化灭活效率的作用机理进行了分析。细胞实验结果表明,在暗室条件下,随着CdS包裹的TiO_2外壳的增厚,细胞的暗室存活率从28.5%逐渐上升至80%;在可见光照下,细胞的存活率显著下降。CdS-TiO_2纳米颗粒对HL60细胞的光催化灭活率均超过60%,其中CdS-TiO_2样品0.6对HL60细胞的光催化灭活效率最高,达到95%。根据荧光光谱和活性氧含量分析的结果推测,这可能是由于核壳结构的CdS内核与TiO_2外壳之间产生了有效的电子转移,抑制了TiO_2的空穴电子的复合,增强了TiO_2外壳的光催化活性,最终增加了TiO_2对HL60细胞的PDT灭活效果。     

Sublethal Cytotoxic Effects of Mercuric Chloride on the Ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis*

SYNOPSIS. The behavior and ultrastructure of Tetrahymena pyriformis was assessed after exposure to dosages of 8 and 16% of the lethal concentration of HgCl² (TLm 96 hr). The lower dosage caused no abnormal changes in cell motility, activity of the water explusion vesicles, or cell shape; the higher dosage caused deleterious changes in these parameters. The higher sublethal HgCl² concentration (0.50 mg/liter) elicited damage of several cell structures. This damage persisted and accumulated with time up to 24 hr. At the lower HgCl² dosage (0.25 mg liter) there were extensive changes after 1-hr exposure involving primarily mitochondria; however, all major changes were repaired after 24 hr of constant exposure to the HgCl², indicating adaptation to the toxicant. Based solely on cytotoxic evidence an attempt is made to apply the findings defining what constitutes a “safe'’concentration of HgCl₂ in the cell's environment.     

Toxicity of Antioxidants to Tetrahymena pyriformis*

SYNOPSIS. The cytotoxicity of 97 antioxidants of various structural types was determined for Tetrahymena pyriformis grown in a peptone medium. Cytotoxicity fo Tetrahymena, generally, was positively associated with acute oral tomicoiciity to rats but not with antioxidant pdency as measured by the Tetrahymena photodynamic assay for antioxidants. Some commonly used hindered-phenol, lipidsoluble anttioxidants, e.g., 2,6-di-tert.-butyl-P-cresol (BHT), had low toxicity (to Tetrahymena but poor antioxidant activity by the photodynamic test. Nmdihydroguahetic acid, with low toxicity to the rat and high Coxicity (to Tetrahymena, had very high activity in the photodynamic test.     

Isocitrate dehydrogenase of Tetrahymena pyriformis

Summary We have studied the isocitrate dehydrogenase ofTetrahymena pyriformis. This enzyme is able to utilize both NAD and NADP, but kinetic studies suggest that the enzymatic activity with NAD is not of physiological significance.Some of the factors that might regulate the NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase were also studied. This enzyme has an absolute requirement for divalent cations; Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺ will serve as cofactors but the latter is more effective than the former.It is known that this enzyme is subject to a concerted inhibition by oxaloacetate and glyoxylate. Either glyoxylate or oxaloacetate alone also are capable of inhibiting the enzyme although higher concentrations are required. We have found concerted inhibition also for the NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from rat liver and yeast. The activity of theTetrahymena pyriformis enzyme is inhibited by NADPH. This inhibition is competitive with NADP. The Ki and Km values are, respectively, 23µ m and 18µ m.