粘细菌转录因子FruA的表达、纯化及调控作用

ＦｒｕＡ是粘细菌（Ｍｙｘｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｘａｎｔｈｕｓ）发育所必需的转录因子,影响着一系列发育特异性基因的表达,在大肠杆菌中表达了带组氨酸标记的ＦｒｕＡ,并用镍离子层析进行快速分离纯化。凝胶阻滞试验提示ＦｒｕＡ对靶基因的调控可能需要其它因子的参与。     

粘细菌转录因子FruA与结合蛋白FruB协同参与发育基因的调控

粘细菌中一系列发育相关基因受到转录因子ＦｒｕＡ的调节。用亲和层析法从粘细菌分离出另一种与ＦｒｕＡ结合的蛋白因子ＦｒｕＢ。实验表明,ＦｒｕＢ可以被粘细菌细胞膜上的蛋白激酶磷酸化,磷酸化后的ＦｒｕＢ与ＦｒｕＡ形成复合物,此复合物通过与靶基因顺式元件的结合来调节基因的表达。有助于深入理解ＦｒｕＡ对发育相关基因的调节作用机制。     

粘细菌转录因子FruA的表达、纯化及调控作用

FruA是粘细菌(Myxocoxccusxanthus)发育所必需的转录因子,影响着一系列发育特异性基因的表达。在大肠杆菌中表达了带组氨酸标记的FruA,并用镍离子层析进行快速分离纯化。凝胶阻滞试验提示FruA对靶基因的调控可能需要其它因子的参与。     

黏细菌资源及其系统分类

黏细菌是一类捕食性革兰氏阴性菌,广泛分布在土壤、海洋和淡水等生境中,是多类环境的优势类群。根据16S rRNA基因序列,黏细菌被归属于变形菌门的δ分支黏细菌目(Myxococcales)。新近根据120个保守性的单拷贝标识基因和16S rRNA基因序列,对变形菌门的系统分类学研究将黏细菌类群单列为黏细菌门(Myxococcota)。本文介绍了黏细菌资源的特性,并围绕从目到门的分类地位变迁,系统简述了黏细菌分类学研究的历史演变,对黏细菌资源的应用和发展进行了展望。     

乳酸细菌和酸奶对免疫系统功能的调节作用

发酵乳制品对人体健康的保护作用自古为人所知。研究证实 ,食品生产中常用的乳酸菌种 ,如乳酸杆菌、嗜热链球菌和双歧杆菌等 ,均属于“益生菌( probiotics)”的范围。由乳酸细菌发酵而成的酸奶 ,作为典型的健康食品 ,更是受到医学界和营养学界的广泛重视。近 2 0年来的研究发现 ,乳酸细菌在体液免疫和细胞免疫中发挥着调节作用。由于人体的免疫系统承担着抵抗外来病菌和毒素、处理体内衰老细胞和异常细胞两方面的重要功能 ,保证免疫系统处于适当的活性状态 ,对人体健康十分重要。了解乳酸菌和发酵奶对免疫系统的影响 ,为揭示其保健作用的机…     

产纤维素酶黏细菌在生物转化的作用

目的:预处理对木质纤维素降解的影响.方法:从土壤中分离筛选到高纤维素酶活的黏细菌菌株So ce sh1008.该菌具有CMC酶活(CMCase)及微晶纤维素酶活性.研究NaOH联合黏细菌降解盐蒿、稻草、棉花秸秆和甘蔗渣四种木质纤维素的情况.结果:碱(2％ NaOH) -黏细菌处理的方法优于黏细菌-碱的方法,其中降解棉花秸秆降解效果最明显,以5.0g木质纤维素为原料,其最终干重损失达2.1g,溶液中总糖含量和还原糖含量均值分别为12.8 mg/mL和0.93 mg/mL.酵母菌发酵产乙醇的研究结果表明,最佳发酵时间为47h,碱-黏细菌甘蔗渣降解液发酵效果最好,乙醇产出达6.0％.结论:黏细菌联合2％ NaOH能有效降解甘蔗渣,提高乙醇产量.     

转录因子在肝癌中调节作用的研究进展

肝癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,由于预后不良而具有较高死亡率,其中,肝细胞癌(hepatocellu-lar carcinoma,HCC)是肝癌最常见的类型.转录因子是在细胞转录过程中通过与基因启动子DNA序列结合而影响靶基因表达的调节因子.研究表明,转录因子通过多种方式调节肝癌发生发展的各个方面,起着重要的作用.本...     

秦岭地区羊肚菌根系土样黏细菌的分离

通过分离陕西秦岭地区羊肚菌根系土样中的黏细菌,建立黏细菌的分离方法,分析羊肚菌根系土样中黏细菌的多样性。采集自陕西商洛地区种植羊肚菌根系土样,采用不同诱导方法分离土样中的黏细菌,比较不同方法的出菌率,通过菌落形态、显微照片对黏细菌进行观察,并结合16S rRNA序列,分析得到的黏细菌种类。采用活的大肠埃希菌作为诱导底物分离出的黏细菌数量最多,本次实验从羊肚菌根系土样中共分离纯化出17株黏细菌,包括5个属,其中黏球菌属(Myxococcus)12株,珊瑚球菌属(Corallococcus)2株,孢囊杆菌属(Cystobacter)1株,原囊菌属(Archangium)1株,标桩菌属(Stigmatella)1株。结果显示羊肚菌根系土壤有黏细菌存在,其中以黏球菌属居多,为后续探讨黏细菌与羊肚菌之间是否存在互生关系提供参考。     

黏细菌抗凝溶栓双功能蛋白MF-1的纯化及其酶学性质

对黏细菌Angiococcus sp.的抗凝溶栓双活性蛋白MF-1进行纯化、鉴定并对其酶学性质进行初步研究。采用丙酮分级沉淀法、DEAE-Sepharose离子交换层析和Sephadex G-50分子筛层析对发酵液进行纯化,用SDS-PAGE和等电点聚焦电泳对其进行鉴定,并用纤维蛋白平板法和水解酪蛋白法对其酶学性质进行检测。结果表明：经过一系列的纯化步骤分离得到该蛋白相对分子质量为3.2×10^4,等电点为8.5,酶的比活力为30761.57U/mg,活性回收率为13.9%;溶栓活性的最适反应温度为35℃,最适反应pH为8.0;抗凝时间大于10min,且酶活性十分稳定,在35℃下保温72h后仍有89%活性。首次从黏细菌中分离得到具有较高抗凝和溶栓双活性的MF-1蛋白,且稳定不易失活,具有开发成为创新溶栓药物的潜力。     

细菌功能调控的重要转录因子PerR

PerR是一类存在于多种细菌中的转录因子。研究证实PerR调控的靶基因包括过氧化氢酶katA、DNA结合蛋白mrgA、铁转运调控子fur、血红素合成基因簇hemAXCDBL以及自身perR等。PerR参与的调控作用在细菌的抗氧化作用、胞内的铁离子动态平衡、以及致病菌致病作用中具有重要的意义。本综述主要从PerR调控的靶基因、参与的生理代谢作用以及PerR转录调控的分子机制等方面进行介绍,以期对我们深入了解细菌的抗逆作用机制提供参考。     

Myxococcus xanthus does not respond chemotactically to moderate concentration gradients

Using a number of approaches we were unable to demonstrate a chemotactic response of Myxococcus xanthus to a variety of defined and complex materials. These data in addition to a number of prima facie arguments considerably reduce the likelihood that M. xanthus possesses a mechanism for chemotactic behavior.     

Inactivation of Isocitrate Lyase During Myxospore Development in Myxococcus xanthus

The inactivation of isocitrate lyase which occurs during late stages of myxospore formation in Myxococcus xanthus was studied. Several findings are reported. (i) Protein synthesis is required over a specific time interval in order for isocitrate lyase inactivation to occur at a later time. (ii) Metabolic energy is required at all times during myxospore development if the inactivation is to occur. (iii) It was possible to inhibit protein turnover to a considerable extent without affecting the net loss in isocitrate lyase activity.     

Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis During Morphogenesis in Myxococcus xanthus

Ribonucleic acid synthesis was measured during the morphogenesis of Myxococcus xanthus. After induction of microcyst formation by the addition of glycerol to an exponential culture, net ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis was immediately terminated (measured either chemically or by the accumulation of acid-insoluble radioactivity). Extensive RNA turnover did take place, however, including RNA made both before and after induction. Sucrose gradient centrifugation revealed that ribosomes and ribosomal RNA were synthesized during microcyst formation even though there was no net RNA synthesis. Base analyses of the total RNA of vegetative cells and 120-min microcysts were indistinguishable.     

Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis During Microcyst Germination in Myxococcus xanthus

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis was measured during microcyst germination in Myxococcus xanthus by radioactive thymidine incorporation, autoradiography, and chemical analysis. Microcysts contained an average of 6.6 conserved units of DNA, corresponding to 3 to 4 chromosomes per cell. Correlation of the DNA content and chromosome number of microcysts indicated that the molecular weight of the nonreplicating M. xanthus chromosome is 4.9 x 10(9) daltons. DNA synthesis was initiated 3.5 to 4 hr after induction of germination. From 4 to 6 hr, the rate of synthesis was constant and the accumulation was linear. After a lag period (6 to 6.5 hr), the rate of DNA synthesis increased, reaching a second plateau at 9 hr. From 9 to 11 hr, the rate was again constant and the accumulation was linear. Cellular division during germination showed an unusual kind of synchrony. A model is presented that accounts for chromosomal replication and cell division during microcyst germination.     

Changes in Activity of Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes During Myxospore Development in Myxococcus xanthus

Activities of the glyoxylate cycle enzymes isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1) and malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2) were assayed in extracts prepared at different stages of myxospore formation in liquid cultures of Myxococcus xanthus. Activities of both enzymes attained peak values during conversion of rods to spheres. Isocitrate lyase activity decreased after reaching its peak value. Malate synthase activity also declined but at a much slower rate. The loss of isocitrate lyase activity could be prevented by the addition of chloramphenicol to cultures early in myxospore formation (during the initial rise in enzyme activity), but not by such addition at later stages of myxospore formation. The increase in glyoxylate cycle enzymes was not observed in a mutant unable to form myxospores in liquid culture under conditions suitable for morphological conversion of the wild type, or in wild-type cells incubated in the absence of an inducer for myxospore formation. It is concluded that the changes in the glyoxylate cycle enzymes represent regulatory phenomena associated with the development of the myxospore.     

Intracellular and Extracellular Nucleotides and Related Compounds During the Development of Myxococcus xanthus

Changes in nucleotide pools and extracellular nucleotides during the developmental cycle of the myxobacterium Myxococcus xanthus were determined using a high-pressure liquid chromatography nucleotide analyzer. A general increase in all nucleotide pools occurred during the morphological phase of glycerol conversion of vegetative cells to myxospores. The levels of the nucleoside triphosphate pools remained high as the myxospore matured and throughout subsequent germination. Oxidized nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels were elevated in the dormant myxospore and then declined during germination. The adenylate energy charge value was 0.85 +/- 0.02 for vegetative cells, germinating myxospores, and 6-h-old myxospores. It was interesting that the value for the so-called dormant myxospore was the same as that characteristic of physiologically active cells. The germinating myxospores excreted large quantities of uracil along with lesser quantities of purine nucleoside monophosphates. Although the source of the extracellular uracil cannot be determined from these experiments, it may have been derived from a shift in base ratios accompanying an assumed ribonucleic acid turnover during germination.