N-乙酰神经氨酸醛缩酶的固定化及固定化酶性质研究

使用LX-1000HFA氨基树脂对N-乙酰神经氨酸醛缩酶(NAL)进行固定化,并对游离酶与固定化酶的酶学性质及稳定性进行了对比研究。结果显示,最佳固定化条件为载体投放量5.0 g,固定化时间12 h,缓冲液浓度1.0 mol/L,pH7.5,温度25℃。在此条件下制备的固定化NAL活力最高,比酶活可达200 U/g湿载体。与游离酶相比,最适反应温度提高了5℃,最适反应pH没有变化,温度和pH耐受性明显提升。同时固定化酶储存稳定性和操作稳定性也显著增强,在4℃条件下储存10 d后其酶活仅损失6%,重复使用10次后仍保持初始酶活的80%。因此,该固定化酶具有良好的温度稳定性、pH稳定性、储存稳定性和操作稳定性,为酶法工业化生产N-乙酰神经氨酸研究提供了理论依据。     

D-阿洛酮糖3-差向异构酶在枯草芽孢杆菌中的高效表达及固定化细胞研究

将来源于Clostridium cellulolyticum H10的DPEase基因在食品级表达系统Bacillus subtilis中进行产酶研究,在3L发酵罐中高密度发酵最终酶活可达495U/ml,得到高表达量的DPEase酶液。通过硅藻土-海藻酸钠(吸附包埋法)对重组细胞进行固定化研究,结果表明,当海藻酸钠浓度为2%、细胞包埋量为50g/L、CaCl_2浓度为2%、硅藻土浓度为1%时,固定化细胞酶活回收率可达64%,固定化细胞与游离细胞相比最适pH不变,最适温度提高5℃,热稳定性明显提高,连续反应7个批次后转化率仍然为28%,仍保持81%的残余酶活,具有很高的工业应用价值。     

CALA在毕赤酵母中的表达、纯化及酶学特性研究

将南极假丝酵母脂肪酶A(cala)基因克隆至组成型表达载体pGAPZαA中,电激转入X-33,获得高效表达的CALA酵母工程菌株.发酵液上清经超滤浓缩、硫酸铵沉淀和阴离子交换层析等步骤,获得纯化的重组CALA,其比酶活达384.90 U/mg.该酶最适温度为70℃,最适pH值为8.0.经50℃保温2 h,仍含有60%水解酶活力;在pH7.0和8.0溶液中比较稳定.经DMSO处理1 h,仍保持90%的活性;非离子型表面活性剂能提高CALA的酶活,金属离子在不同程度上抑制CALA的酶活.     

乙二醇缩水甘油醚交联海藻酸钠-羧甲基纤维素钠固定化脂肪酶

以海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)为载体,分别以乙二醇缩水甘油醚(EGDE)和戊二醛为交联剂,采用包埋交联法对脂肪酶进行固定化,结果显示EGDE的交联效果要优于戊二醛,添加EGDE的固定化酶酶活最好。得到制备固定化酶的最优方案为海藻酸钠2.5%,CMC浓度1.5%,给酶量800U/ml复配载体,氯化钙5%,以0.02%的EGDE交联固定30min,由此制备得到酶活约为380 U/g的固定化酶,酶活收率约为50.09%。固定化酶的最适反应p H为8.5,比游离酶增大0.5个单位;最适反应温度是45℃,比游离酶提高5℃;耐热性能变好,且重复使用7次后仍能保持60%左右的相对酶酶活。     

3-氰基吡啶水合酶的反应条件及影响因子

研究了芳腈水合酶催化水合3-氰基吡啶生成尼克酰胺的反应条件及影响因子.酶反应的最适pH为8.0,最适温度为25℃.酶在pH8.5于25℃保温4小时或在25—30℃于pH8.0保温3小时是稳定的.反应液中加入Fe~(3 )(1.5 mmol/L)可使酶活力增加 50%,而加入NH_4~ (300 mmol/L)则使酶活降低了67%.Ag~ 和 Hg(2 )”强烈地抑制酶反应活性,在浓度均为 5mmol/L时,抑制率分别为99.7%和100%.NaCN(50 mmol/L)和苯甲腈(100 mmol/L)对酶活性的抑制率分别为78%和85%.该酶作用于 3-氰基吡啶的Km为62.5 mmol/L,V_(max)为85.8 μmol·min~(-1)·mg~(-1).     

聚乙烯醇-明胶复合膜固定化重组大肠杆菌NAD激酶的研究

为提高烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)激酶的稳定性,采用复合膜对NAD激酶进行固定化研究。选用聚乙烯醇(PVA)、聚乳酸(PLA)、海藻酸钠(SA)和明胶(GEL)膜材料固定化NAD激酶。通过单因素实验确定最佳固定化条件为:PVA∶GEL为4∶1,加酶量为0.6 mL,固定化时间为6h,固定化温度为35℃,此时酶活力回收率达到最高值84%。固定化酶酶学性质分析结果表明,与游离酶进行比较,固定化后NAD激酶的最适温度由50℃提高至55℃,最适pH由8.0降至7.0,NAD激酶的热稳定性和pH稳定性均得到显著提高,但固定化酶的亲和力降低。固定化NAD激酶重复利用6次后,酶活性依然可维持初始酶活性的75%以上,表明聚乙烯醇-明胶复合膜固定化酶具有良好的操作稳定性。     

黑曲霉产木聚糖酶固态发酵条件及部分酶学性质的研究

实验以棉粕和玉米秆为主要原料,采用单因素和正交实验方法对黑曲霉固态发酵产木聚糖酶的培养条件进行了优化,为了获得高酶活产品的发酵条件。结果表明,最适培养基组分为棉粕和玉米秆的比例为3∶2,固水比为1∶1.2,尿素的最适添加量为2%(以干重计),KH2PO4的最适添加量为0.2%。在此条件下,菌株产酶活性可达6 529U/g干曲。该酶的最适反应温度为55℃,最适pH为5.0,pH稳定范围较宽,在30℃、pH 3.5~6.0范围内处理100min,酶活保持在85%以上,但耐热性不是很理想,在60℃保温30min残余酶活只有17%。     

树脂载体固定S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶的研究

目的:筛选一种适合S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶固定化的树脂载体,进行固定化工艺优化及固定化酶性质研究。方法:以固定化率和表观酶活回收率为指标,筛选固定化效果最佳的一种树脂,采用单因素实验对固定化条件进行优化。结果:阴离子交换树脂载体ESR-2表现出最优的固定化率(94.03%)和酶活回收率(47.45%);最佳固定化条件为加酶量4U/g、pH 8.0、15℃吸附10h,最佳条件下固定化酶表观酶活为2.1U/g,表观酶活回收率达51.6%。固定化酶的最适pH为8.5,最适温度为35℃,连续反应10批次后酶活剩余77.92%。结论:树脂载体ESR-2固定化S-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶酶活及稳定性较好,能够用于S-腺苷甲硫氨酸的工业化大规模生产。     

对映选择性Geotrichum sp. GXU33脂肪酶的筛选、产酶及酶学性质研究

利用溴麝香草酚蓝作为反应指示剂,快速地筛选到产对映选择性脂肪酶菌株GXU33(Geotrichum sp.),此酶能够拆分外消旋扁桃酸甲酯产生(S)-扁桃酸.此菌株最适生长、产酶条件为橄榄油 10 g/L, 酵母粉 5 g/L, Na2HPO4·12H2O 3.5 g/L, KH2PO4 1.0 g/L, MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L, pH 7.0,28℃,200 r/min.PMSF和蛋白酶K对菌株生长没有影响,PMSF显著抑制酶活,蛋白酶K具有保护酶活力的作用.该脂肪酶最适作用pH 为7.5,最适作用温度为30 ℃; Ca2 ,Mg2 ,Zn2 不同程度提高酶活性,Cu2 , Co2 ,Mn2 ,Fe2 ,Fe3 严重抑制酶活性.当以5% DMSO为助剂,消旋扁桃酸甲酯20 mg,GXU33 脂肪酶1500 U,25 mmol/L磷酸钠缓冲液(pH 7.5)加至总体积2 mL,32 ℃,100 r/min, 反应8h,得到最佳拆分效果:转化率为44.8%,(S)-扁桃酸对映过量值为83.5%.     

根瘤菌BK-20固定化细胞生产L(+)-酒石酸

顺式环氧琥珀酸水解酶(CESH)是根瘤菌BK-20生产L(+)-酒石酸的关键酶。为提高其生产效率和生产稳定性,首先优化根瘤菌BK-20的产酶条件,然后利用固定化细胞连续生产L(+)-酒石酸。结果显示,优化后游离细胞酶活达(3 498.0±142.6)U/g,较优化前提高643%。固定化细胞酶活达(2 817.2±226.7)U/g,其最适包埋剂、菌体浓度和凝胶浓度分别为海藻酸钠,10%(W/V)和1.5%(W/V)。固定化细胞连续反应10批后,其形状和酶活均无明显改变,单批次转化率达98%以上,具有良好的生产稳定性。     

The effect of solvent environment on the conformation and stability of human polyclonal IgG in solution.

Stability of therapeutic IgG preparations is an important issue as adequate efficacy and safety has to be ensured throughout a long shelf life. To this end, denaturation and aggregation have to be avoided. In many cases sugars are applied for stabilizing IgG in relatively high concentration (5-10%). However, certain sugars (sucrose, maltose) are responsible for adverse effects including renal failure. In this work we reassessed the effect of pH and stabilizers to optimize the solvent environment and minimize the amount of additives without endangering quality and stability. Since both biological function and aggregation depend on the conformational properties of individual IgG molecules, two sensitive and rapid physical methods were introduced to assess conformational changes and structural stability as a function of pH and addition of standard stabilizers. It was observed that the conformational stability decreases with decreasing pH, while the resistance against aggregation improves. The optimum pH range for storage is 5.0-6.0, as a compromise between conformational stability and the tendency for oligomerization. Intriguingly, additives in physiologically acceptable concentration have no effect on the thermal stability of IgG. On the other hand, glucose or sorbitol, even at a concentration as low as 1%, have significant effect on the tertiary structure as revealed by near-UV-CD spectroscopy, reflecting changes in the environment of aromatic side-chains. Although, 0.3% leucine does not increase conformational stability, it decreases the aggregation tendency even more efficiently than 1% glucose or sorbitol. Both pH and storage temperature are decisive factors for the long-term stability of IgG solutions. An increase in the dimer content was observed upon storage at 5 degrees C which was partly reverted upon incubation at 37 degrees C. Storage at temperatures higher than 5 degrees C may help to maintain an optimal proportion of dimers. Regarding the known side effects, and their limited stabilizing capacity at low concentration, it is advisable to omit sugars at intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) formulation. Hydrophobic amino acids give promising alternatives.     

Novel stabilization of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase catalyst during bioconversion of trans-cinnamic acid to l-phenylalanine

Summary Production of l-phenylalanine from trans-cinnamic acid using isolate SPA10 cells was reduced to 26% of that observed initially when cells were reacted a second time with fresh substrate mixture. The stability (reuseability) of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) containing cells was significantly influenced by both the trans-cinnamate concentration and initial reaction pH. Using 2% t-cinnamate, l-phenylalanine production was 7-fold greater after 3 successive runs at pH 9.0 than at the optimum of pH 10.2. Cells reacted in the presence of 5% t-cinnamate were relatively unstable. Permeabilising agents, such as toluene and xylene, stimulated l-phenylalanine production but also enhanced instability of the catalyst. Several effectors were shown to stimulate the initial rate of the PAL bioconversion, but only sorbitol, alginate, glutaraldehyde, polyethylene glycol and glycerol conferred any significant degree of stability. Sparging of cultures and bioreactors with various gases revealed that oxygen enhanced PAL inactivation, CO₂ had little effect and nitrogen conferred remarkable stability on PAL activity for several weeks in culture medium. The presence of chloride ions (from HCl) and aeration of substrate mixtures resulted in poor reuseability of catalyst. A combination of H₂SO₄ substitution for HCl and N₂-sparging resulted in excellent initial conversions and good catalyst stability at 26°C but less at 30°C. The inclusion of 1.5 M sorbitol in reaction mixtures maintained PAL stability over several successive incubations.     

Enzymatic conversion of Baicalin into Baicalein by β-glucuronidase encapsulated in biomimetic core-shell structured hybrid capsules

In this study, Baicalein was produced through an enzymatic conversion catalyzed by β-glucuronidase (GUS) encapsulated in biomimetic alginate/protamine/silica (APSi) capsules. Experimental results indicated that the thermal and pH tolerance as well as the storage and recycling stability of GUS were significantly improved after encapsulation. Under the optimum conversion conditions (37 °C, pH 7), a high productivity of Baicalein (73%) was obtained. No loss in enzyme activity was observed after 11-day storage and 90% of the initial activity remained after 26-day storage. No appreciable loss in activity was found during 10 repeated reaction cycles. The facile encapsulation process, the high conversion efficiency and the enhanced stability set an encouraging example for converting natural compounds into high value-added functional products.     

褐藻降解菌群筛选及其复合酶固定化研究

以大连地区的褐藻为材料,筛选了褐藻降解菌群,其在30℃、pH7．5条件下培养74h时,酶活达1．883IU／mL。利用硅藻土吸附法经冷冻干燥制备了固定化复合酶,分析了复合酶系的酶学性质,其最适反应温度为45℃,并在40℃～55℃范围内具有良好的热稳定性;最适pH为7．5,并在pH7．0～8．5之间pH稳定性良好。利用固定化酶进行褐藻酸钠制备,提取率达48．3％,粘度为2．9Pa·s,与传统方法相比均有显著提高,为工程化生产褐藻酸钠提供一定基础。     

Effect of skim milk-alginate beads on survival rate of bifidobacteria

In this study, an attempt was made to increase the survival rate of bifidobacteria entrapped in alginate in the gastrointestinal tract, and to investigate the potential industrial applications, for example lyophilized capsules and yogurt. First, the protective effect of various food additives on bifidobacterial survivability was determined after exposure to simulated gastric juices and bile salts. The additives used in this study were skim milk (SM), poly dextrose (PD), soy fiber (SF), yeast extract (YE), chitosan (CS), κ-carageenan (κ-C) and whey, which were added at 0.6% concentration (w/v) to 3% alginate-bifidobacterial solution. In the simulated gastric juices and bile salts, the protective effect of 0.6% skim milk-3% alginate (SM-A) beads on the survival rate of bifidobacteria proved to be higher than the other additives. Second, the hydrogen ion permeation was detected through SM-A vessel without bifidobacterial cells at different SM concentrations (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0%). There were no differences in terms of the pH decrease in SM-A vessels at 0.6%, 0.8%, and 1.0% (w/v) SM concentrations. The survival rate of bifidobacteria in SM-A beads would appear to be related to the SM buffering capacity against hydrogen ions and its tendency to reduce the pore size of bead. In this experiment, the survival rate of bifidobacteria entrapped in beads containing 0.6% SM showed the highest viability after exposure to simulated gastric juices for 3 h, thereby indicating that 0.6% SM is the optimum concentration for 3% alginate bead preparation. Third, the effect of SM-A beads on the freeze-drying and yogurt storage for 10 days was investigated. SM-A beads were found to be more efficient for freeze drying and yogurt storage than untrapped cells and the alginate bead. Consequently, the survival rate of bifidobacteria entrapped in SM-A beads was increased in simulated gastric juices, bile salts and probiotic products such as lyophilized capsules and yogurt, SM-A beads can be expected to produce high value probiotic products.     

游离及固定化果糖基转移酶部分酶学性质的比较研究

 从诱变、筛选的米曲霉GX0 0 10菌株所产生的果糖基转移酶 ,经过纯化和固定化操作分别制备游离酶和固定化酶 ,对两者的酶学性质进行了比较研究 .结果表明 ,两者在蔗糖转化为蔗果低聚糖的酶促反应中 ,最适pH为 5 5,在pH5 0～ 7 5之间酶活性相对稳定 .游离酶和固定化酶的适宜温度范围分别是 4 5～ 52℃和 4 0～ 55℃ .在 55℃保温 60min ,酶活性保存率分别是 61 6%和 87 5% .固定化酶的热稳定性提高 .0 1mmol LHg2 +和 1mmol LAg+能完全抑制游离酶的活性 ,但只能部分抑制固定化酶的活性 ,1mmol L的Ti2 +能完全抑制两者的活性 .以蔗糖为底物时 ,游离酶的米氏常数Km=2 15mmol L ,而固定化酶Km =386mmol L .游离酶只能使用一次 ,固定化酶反复使用 54次后 ,剩余活力为 55 2 % .用 55% (W V)蔗糖溶液与固定化酶在pH5 0 ,4 6℃下作用 12h ,可获得61 5% (总低聚糖 总糖 )产物 ,其中蔗果五糖含量达到 7 2 % .     

应用复合增强剂扩增人巨细胞病毒pp65全基因

在PCR过程中 ,模板GC含量过高是一个不利因素。如果设计扩增片段较长 ,则进一步增加了PCR扩增的难度。解决这一问题对于以PCR成功获取富含GC的长基因有非常重要的意义。以人巨细胞病毒pp65全基因 (约 1 95 0bp ,GC %为 67%)为例 ,在PCR系统中测试不同添加剂(甘油、乙醇、DMSO、甜菜碱等 )及各种组合 ,摸索扩增目的基因的最佳条件。结果发现 :无或单一的添加剂都不能获得目的基因片段 ,只有当同时使用DMSO和甜菜碱 ,并在适当浓度时才能够获得特异产物。在PCR系统中包含复合增强剂能有助于高GC %、长基因片段的扩增 ,为解决此类问题提供了一种有效的途径。     

海藻酸钠包埋法制备固定化菠萝蛋白酶

以海藻酸钠为载体,包埋法固定菠萝蛋白酶,对固定化奈件进行优化,同时探讨固定化菠萝蛋白酶的部分酶学性能。结果表明：固定化菠萝蛋白酶的质量受海藻酸钠质量分数、固定化酶量、固定化时间以及CaCl2质量分数的影响,其最佳固定化条件为：海藻酸钠质量分数1．0％,CaCl2质量分数3％,固定化酶液量与海藻酸钠体积之比1：2,固定化时间60min,在此条件下,制备的固定化菠萝蛋白酶的比活力为211．8U／g（湿质量载体）,由此制得的固定化酶的最适pH为7．6,与游离酶相比,升高了0．8个pH单位,同时显示固定化菠萝蛋白酶能耐受较高的碱性环境,固定化酶最适温度与游离酶相同,均为50℃,固定化酶在较高温度范围内,仍能保持较高的相对活力。     

A new method for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase

A new method for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to alginate gel beads by activating the carbonyl groups of alginate using carbodiimide coupling agent has been successfully developed. Maximum reaction rate (V _max) and Michaelis–Menten constant (K _m) were determined for the free and binary immobilized enzyme. The effects of pH, temperature, storage stability, reuse number and thermal stability on the free and immobilized AChE were also investigated. For the free and binary immobilized enzyme on the Ca–alginate gel beads, optimum pH values were found to be 7 and 8, respectively. Optimum temperatures for the free and immobilized enzyme were observed to be 30 and 35 °C, respectively. Upon 60 days of storage the preserved activity of free and immobilized enzyme were found as 4 and 68%, respectively. In addition, reuse number, and thermal stability of the free AChE were increased by as a result of binary immobilization.