气相色谱-质谱定量检测水产品腐败菌群体感应DKPs信号分子

【目的】为了分析水产品腐败菌群体感应的新型信号分子二酮哌嗪(DKPs)化合物,建立一种简便、灵敏的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)定量检测方法。【方法】通过优化气相色谱和质谱条件、培养基和提取溶剂建立定量检测方法,确定Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Gly)、Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu)、Cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Leu)和Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe)4种DKPs标准品的特征离子,并检测水产品腐败菌荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和波罗的海希瓦氏菌(Shewanella baltica)中的DKPs。【结果】4种DKPs化合物在1-200 mg/L范围内线性良好,检测限为0.06、0.10、0.06和0.04 mg/L,定量限为0.16、0.18、0.14和0.12 mg/L,回收率为51.8%-88.5%,标准偏差为1.4%-8.3%。以LB培养基为细菌培养基,氯仿作为萃取溶剂,检测的DKPs含量较高。两种水产品腐败菌都检测到DKPs活性,主要种类为Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu)和Cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Phe)。随着两种细菌的生长,培养上清中DKPs含量显著增加,在12 h达到最高。【结论】建立了检测细菌DKPs的GC-MS定量方法,具有较高精密度、准确度,能够准确定量分析4种DKPs的含量。为探究水产品特定腐败菌DKPs的调控机制奠定基础。     

基于GLME/GC-MS分析黄柄钙皮菌的挥发性成分

为分析黄柄钙皮菌的挥发性成分组成,通过气液微萃取技术(GLME)对无饲培养获得的黄柄钙皮菌中萃取挥发性成分,应用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对其化学成分进行分析。共鉴定了66种组分,占总组分的56.41%以上,占色谱出峰面积的65.58%以上。已经鉴定的组分中,含量最高的是棕榈酸,相对含量是12.12%,其次是二十六烷。组分主要归为酸、酯、烷烃、醇、酮、醛等几大类化合物。研究结果表明GLME/GC-MS萃取技术较适用于黄柄钙皮菌等黏菌的挥发性成分的检测分析,为进一步研究黏菌的挥发性成分提供新的检测技术。     

抗菌肽Cecropin-XJ发酵产物指纹图谱及活性检测

[目的]运用HPLC初步建立抗菌肽Cecropin-XJ发酵产物指纹图谱的测定方法,将抗菌肽发酵产物进行定性及定量分析。[方法]将基因工程菌扩大培养经纯化后得发酵产物并采用高效液相色谱法测定,Extend-C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相乙腈(A)-三氟乙酸(B)梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,柱温25℃,流速1 mL/min,对方法进行精密度、重复性考察,绘制标准曲线估算抗菌肽浓度,以及将色谱结果与抑菌圈大小对比。[结果]建立了抗菌肽发酵产物的HPLC指纹图谱,获得了8个共有峰,8个共有峰的相对保留时间及相对峰面积的RSD均<3%。通过标准曲线y=2E+07x-3E+06,R^(2)=0.994 7,得抗菌肽浓度约0.297 mg/mL。通过测量抑菌圈大小,表明抗菌肽样品活性较高。在一定范围内,各批次发酵产物抑菌圈大小与相应HPLC特征峰峰面积成正比。[结论]11批样品中共有的8个峰作为指纹图谱的共有峰,峰总面积大于总峰面积的90%,8个共有峰的相对保留时间及相对峰面积的RSD均<3%。抗菌肽浓度约0.297 mg/mL。实验结果说明抑菌圈大小与对应特征峰面积成正相关,表明特征峰出峰位置所示物质即为抗菌肽。     

Rep-PCR应用于快速鉴定啤酒污染菌的研究

为评价rep-PCR在快速鉴定啤酒污染菌中的应用,首先比较了DNA提取方法,确定CTAB法作为制备rep-PCR的DNA模板的方法。并通过PCR产物直接测序的方法,从分离菌中鉴定得到11种常见的啤酒污染菌。用BOXA1R和(GTG)_5引物扩增分离菌,采用Gel ComparⅡ软件处理电泳图,构建污染菌的标准指纹图库。经过聚类分析表明,BOXA1R和(GTG)5对Lactobacillusbrevis、L.buchneri、L.casei/paracasei、L.plantarum和L.fermentum的聚类效果具有互补性,并首次提出指纹比对快速鉴定的相似系数阈值的概念。对来自三个不同来源的9株乳酸菌的快速鉴定结果表明,rep-PCR鉴定技术简单、快速、可靠,在快速鉴定方面将具有重要的应用价值。     

新鲜罗汉果风味成分的GC-MS分析

利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对新鲜罗汉果的乙醚萃取物的风味成分进行分析,并结合计算机检索对其化学成分进行分析和鉴定,结果显示:从新鲜罗汉果风味物质中分离出42个组分,并鉴定出其中的26个化合物,占风味挥发油色谱峰面积的83.69％.用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对质量分数,新鲜罗汉果风味挥发油中相对质量分数较高的...     

一产香银杏内生真菌挥发油化学成分的GC-MS研究

利用气相色谱 质谱联用法 (GC MS) ,DB 5 30m× 0 .2 5mm× 0 .2 5 μm色谱柱 ,对产香银杏内生菌(Fusariumsp .)挥发油进行GC MS分析 ,分离出 2 4种组分 ,采用峰面积归一化 ,据GC MS联用所得质谱信息 ,鉴定出 1 5种成分 ,共占其色谱流出组分的 5 1 .0 7%。     

液质联用技术分析竹笋及其废弃物醇提物中化学成分

建立不同季节、不同竹种的竹笋及其废弃物醇提物中化学成分的高效液相色谱—质谱联用(LC-MS)的检测方法.竹笋及其废弃物样品采用乙醇热回流提取、浓缩,大孔树脂纯化、浓缩、真空干燥,以水—甲醇溶液为流动相进行色谱分离,用紫外光谱和高分辨质谱检测,根据所测得的各个组分分子离子峰质核比的(m/z)值及通过查阅文献分析结果.结果...     

聚合酶链式反应快速鉴定啤酒有害菌研究

建立了PCR快速鉴定啤酒有害菌的新方法。用基于抗酒花基因horA部分序列的特异引物对啤酒污染乳酸菌进行PCR检测,灵敏度可达到3个细胞(CFU),样品的预培养需12~16h。啤酒有害菌检测所需时间从传统的5d减少到24h。     

基于PCR-免疫试纸条法的空肠弯曲菌快速检测

空肠弯曲菌引起的食源性腹泻疾病已经成为突出的公共卫生问题之一，快速检测食品中空肠弯曲菌污染对于保障人类健康具有重要意义。本研究以空肠弯曲菌lpxA基因序列为检测靶基因，通过聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)扩增产物上标记的地高辛和异硫氰酸盐(isothiocyanate,ITC)分子与试纸条上抗体特异性结合，建立了一种PCR-试纸条检测方法。所有空肠弯曲菌标准菌株均为阳性结果，其他弯曲菌以及食源性病原菌均为阴性结果，检测特异性为100%；最低检出限为3.1×10³CFU/mL；在对食品的实际检测中，该方法与现有国标检测方法结果一致。将本方法用于空肠弯曲菌的检测降低了成本，简化了操作步骤，为食源性空肠弯曲菌检测提供了一种实用、简便的手段。     

体积排阻液相色谱法质粒的含量测定

首次以体积排阻液相色谱法进行质粒提取液浓度的测定研究,通过纯质粒溶液在260 nm处的紫外吸峰面积与质粒浓度之间数据的线性最小二乘拟合,得到了反映质粒浓度和紫外吸收峰峰面积之间关系的标准曲线:Y=2×10~(-5) X,通过验证实验,确定了质粒提取液中不同组分,如核糖核酸,蛋白质等在色谱图中的出峰位置.结合标准曲线测定了自制的质粒提取液的质粒浓度为0.32 mg/mL.该方法方便,快捷,准确.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.