王府井东方广场遗址石制品研究

王府井东方广场遗址出土石制品共计1098件,主要来自下文化层。除石锤、石砧和人工石块外,其他石制品的原料几乎全部为黑色燧石。石制品普遍较小,主要为小型和微型。石核数量很少,但石片占石制品总数的一半还多。碎屑在探方中的几个区域密集分布。石器加工精致,刃缘大部分都比较平齐且其上的修疤排列均匀、整齐,尤其表现在端刮器上。原料、类型与技术特点表明,东方广场遗址石制品组合属于中国旧石器时代晚期的以石片为主要特征的文化系列。这一文化系列与周口店北京猿人遗址、周口店第15地点、许家窑遗址等有较多的相似性,推测东方广场石制品组合是由中国旧石器时代早期和中期石器工业演变而来。     

王府井东方广场遗址骨制品研究

王府井东方广场遗址不仅出土了丰富的石制品,而且也含有较为丰富的骨制品。骨制品可分为骨核、人工骨块、骨片、骨屑和骨器五大类;骨片约占骨制品总数一半;骨器包括刮削器、尖头器、雕刻器和骨铲四类。观察发现：79件骨制品和骨骼可以拼合成33组,45件上有古人类砍砸、切割或刻划的痕迹。丰富的骨制品进一步反映了王府井古人类文化的进步性;同华北地区类似制品比较,它们之间存在着密切的渊源关系。遗物分布特征表明,东方广场遗址是一处古人类的临时居住地。出土的石器、骨器遗物以及大量的动物骨骼化石表明,王府井古人类不仅能够制作石器与骨器用来宰杀与支解猎物,而且具有用火、控火进行烹饪的能力。     

河北迁安县爪村地点发现的旧石器

本文记述了河北迁安县爪村旧石器时代文化地点发现的21件石制品。通过对1958年发现的标本的研究和1973年的野外工作,对1958年发现的7件石质标本提出了自己的看法,肯定其人工性质;在1973年,在该地点还找到一些新的石制品。其时代为旧石器时代晚期,依陈铁梅等用同层出土的牛化石(1973年采)做铀系法年代测定,其年代为距今4.8±0.2万年或4.4土0.2万年。     

La culture du Paléolithique dans la région de Jungwon en Corée

The Jungwon region is located in the central part of Korea and it is one of crucial regions for understanding of the Korean Paleolithic culture. Many Paleolithic sites have been discovered in this region, from the lower Paleolithic to the upper Paleolithic. It is of interest the remarkable variety of archeological remains such as human bones, stone tools, animal bones and paleoenvironmental artifacts. As a result, it permits us to reconstruct the subsistence of prehistoric men. This region has an important role for Korean prehistoric researches.     

Further evidence of a lower pleistocene arrival of early humans in northern Europe--the Untermassfeld site (Germany)

The discovery of 24 stone artifacts and two bone tools at the German fluvial site of Untermassfeld associated with a rich vertebrate fauna of the Epivillafranchian provide further evidence of a Lower Pleistocene arrival of early Homo in northern Europe, since results of geological, paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic investigations point to an absolute age of approximately 1.07 million years (ma). The typological study of the lithic artifacts is accompanied by the analysis of the mineralogical structure of the raw materials and use wear traces of simple flakes and retouched lithic fragments. Signs of thermal alteration on the surface of a stone tool may denote former exposure to fire. Hominin processing of animal resources is indicated by at least one knapped bone tool and bone surface modifications considered to be of cultural origin. Finally, lithic material from further archeological find sites of the Werra Valley associated with assumed Lower Pleistocene river sediments are discussed.     

Les récentes découvertes à Baerya dans le district de Bijie, au nord de la province de Guizhou (Chine)

Fauna associated with stone artifacts have recently been uncovered, in the course of a survey from a cave site named Baerya, town land of Bijie, Guizhou province. The first observations suggest a human occupation. In the absence of chrono-stratigraphic data, it is not possible to assess the age of the site. Nevertheless the presence of lower Pleistocene fauna suggests a very ancient age for this human occupation. Further field research will be necessary to determinate the age and nature of the site.     

烟墩堡遗址研究

烟墩堡遗址位于三峡地区重庆市丰都县,地处长江干流的第四级阶地,出土1300余件石制品。遗址底部的似网纹红土层是石制品的原生层位;上部的粘土层和粉砂层是流水等从高处搬运、二次堆积形成的,除石制品外,还混入新石器时代的陶片。石制品应为一套文化组合,以磨圆度较高的河床砾石为原料,类型包括石锤、断块、碎屑、石核、石片和石器,以大型和中型者为主;石片占大多数;石器以刮削器和砍砸器为主,加工简单,属中国南方旧石器时代早期砾石石器工业。零台面石片的出现对“摔碰法”技术的起源提供了线索。     

昂昂溪新发现的旧石器

本文记述了黑龙江昂昂溪附近大兴屯地点的再调查结果:新发现了两种哺乳动物化石、两个新类型的石器和1件骨制品,为研究该地点的文化面貌提供了新材料。     

Introduction à l’étude du site de Longgupo

The site of Longgupo, discovered in 1984, is located south of the crossing of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze, in the eastern part of Chongqing Province. Situated on the limestone slope of the Miaoyu Valley, three excavation campaigns have been carried out since 1985. The first two seasons took place from 1985–1988 and 1997–1998, directed by W.B. Huang and the last campaign from 2003–2006 by E. Boëda and Y.M. Hou. After the first two campaigns, the presence of several bones, with an estimated age of 1.9 My, notably including a mandible fragment attributed to a hominid² and the discovery of more than 20 lithic artifacts incited not only great interest in the scientific community, but controversy as well since these data contradicted diffusion models of the first hominids out of Africa. Paleoanthropological data often being privileged over other data, including lithic artifacts, the anthropic nature of the site was contested. Yet the few artifacts from the initial excavations irrefutably demonstrate their manufacture by humans, in particular those in exogenous stone. To definitively re-establish the authenticity of this site by applying the latest investigative methods, a new Franco-Chinese campaign was organized. The objective of the 2003–2006 field seasons focused on understanding and analysis of the archaeological data in their geomorphological and stratigraphic contexts.     

Retourner à Moulin Quignon

In March 1863, Jacques Boucher de Perthes found in the alluvia of Moulin Quignon (Abbeville, France) a human jaw in association with lithic artifacts and fossil bones of mammals. Quickly challenged, this discovery will appear as a fraud whose prehistorian was the victim. Since that time, the collection and the Moulin Quignon site are synonymous with an archaeological forgery. Forgotten for almost 150 years, these collections became in 2012 a research topic in the context of a program devoted to oldest settlements and Acheulean. The objective was to identify and study the whole 1863–1864 documentation set (human remains, artifacts, sediments, fauna bones, malacological remains, archives, papers, site) to allow further analysis of the whole subject.     

湖北郧西白龙洞古人类遗址初步研究

湖北省郧西县白龙洞遗址经过两次正式发掘,出土了古人类牙齿化石、石制品、骨制品等文化遗物和大量动物化石,是一处重要的古人类遗址.2007年4-5月,作者在该遗址周围进行了地质、地貌调查,并对以往发掘出土的部分动物化石和文化遗物进行了整理.同年9月,作者在白龙洞进行探察和小规模试掘,出土大量动物化石和少量石制品、骨制品等文化遗物.同时还发现可疑燃烧痕迹、动物骨骼表面痕迹以及特殊的动物化石埋藏现象等古人类活动证据.白龙洞发育于上新世沙坪组砾岩、泥晶灰岩和泥灰岩地层中,近水平状节理和裂隙为洞穴发育提供前提条件,垂直渗流为溶蚀的主要方式.白龙洞遗址属原地埋藏,动物群的组合显示中更新世早期的面貌,石英岩岩脉原料可能是导致石器工业组合显示北方石器工业面貌的原因.对遗址分布及埋藏现象的初步分析显示,白龙洞为一处多功能的古人类活动遗址.     

宜良九乡张口洞发现的旧石器

本文记述了从张口洞出土的人牙４０枚、哺乳动物化石１９２３件、旧石器材料１８２６件及少量骨器．石工具中修背和修理把手有显著表现．张口洞石器工业属元谋－宜良（路南）区域性文化,兼有猫猫洞类型文化的影响,时代为晚更新世至早全新世．     

昆明大板桥史前洞穴遗址试掘报告

本文记述了新发现的昆明大板桥史前洞穴遗址,出土的文化遗存较丰富,包括晚期智人牙齿、动、植物化石、用火遗迹和数以百计的石制品及少量的骨制品。其时代主要为早全新世,文化层下部可能到晚更新世晚期。石制品均甚细小,且以砸击法为主要打片方法,系我国南方首次发现。这样的组合,也是具有我国北方旧石器文化特色的史前文化在云南的首次发现。因此,它是一个具有特殊意义的史前人类洞穴遗址。     

泥河湾盆地大长梁旧石器地点

大长梁旧石器地点位于泥河湾盆地东端 ,埋藏在泥河湾层里。它东距小长梁遗址170米 ,野外观测和地层对比显示 ,二者的地层层位及文化层一致 ,应为同时期遗址。该地点试掘近 7平方米 ,共获得33件石制品和一些动物化石。出土石制品以小型为主 ,原料剥片利用率高 ,成器率低 ,动物化石多为哺乳类肢骨。其年代大于107万年 ,属旧石器时代早期。     

青藏高原东北缘江西沟2号遗址2012年出土石制品的初步研究

江西沟2号遗址(JXG2)发现于2004年,2012年围绕地层测年及环境研究开展了小面积试掘。本文通过对2012年出土的659件石制品进行的观察和初步研究,并结合其他出土遗物及考古年代学研究的基本结论,对遗址所反映的史前人类行为的变化及其与环境的关系作了初步报告。根据出土文化遗物(主要指石制品和陶片)的差异,遗址可以分为上下两个文化层,上文化层为10～80cm,包含陶片和细石器为主的石制品;下文化层为距地表80cm以下的堆积,该层仅包含石制品,其中除以燧石为原料的细石器产品,同时出土石英砸击产品。光释光和AMS14C年代测定结果表明古人类在该遗址活动的时间主要集中在全新世中期,遗址石制品原料和技术变化的研究初步揭示了该时段区域内史前人类的行为变化和生活方式的转变。     

甘肃徐家城遗址石制品原料最小单元分析

徐家城遗址是甘肃省近年来发掘的一处旧石器时代晚期遗址,主要埋藏于陇西盆地水洛河二级阶地上覆的马兰黄土中,年代在距今约4.6~2.3万年间。本文使用原料最小单元分析这一目前国内尚未普及的方法对该遗址主文化层的石制品进行研究,涉及遗址形成过程、空间利用以及古人类的流动组织等方面。研究表明,古人类原地剥片行为是遗址主文化层石制品分布状态形成的主要原因,文化层交界位置所受扰动程度较大;石器工业面貌权宜性色彩较为浓厚,发掘区内并未呈现明显的功能分区,同一时期可能存在其他生活中心。本文对原料最小单元分析方法的适用性和潜力作了一定讨论。     

抚松新屯子西山旧石器遗址试掘报告

西山遗址发现于2002年, 位于抚松县新屯子镇的西山上, 同年对其进行试掘, 试掘面积70m2。堆积物可划分3层; 石制品出自第2层的黄色亚黏土层内, 共30件, 类型包括石叶石核、石片、细石叶。石制品原料均为黑曜岩。通过遗存分析, 该遗迹是一个古人类临时活动场所。根据石制品出土层位以及遗址内不见任何磨制石器和陶片判断, 该遗址的年代可能属于旧石器时代晚期或稍晚。     

泥河湾盆地黑土沟遗址

黑土沟遗址是泥河湾盆地目前发现的时代较古老的一处早更新世旧石器时代考古遗址。根据磁性地层学资料判断,遗址位于Matsuyama反极性时的Olduvai正极性亚时阶段,其年龄为1.77-1.95Ma。2006年,在黑土沟遗址的考古地质勘探中,查明探坑文化层厚1.33m,由4个自然层组成;在大约7.6m~3的堆积中,出土遗物20585件,包括石制品20489件,哺乳动物骨牙碎片96件。石制品中,石核、石片、断块和器物分别占0.36%、97.90%、1.00%和0.74%,在石片中竟有87.74%的数量是碎屑。器物中出现旧石器晚期常见的圆盘状刮削器。石制品保存新鲜,发现拼合标本3组。石制品绝大部分属于微型和小型标本。砸击制品在地层中的密度较大,而且含有似棱柱状石核和似石叶薄长石片。     

L’industrie aurignacienne de la grotte de Šandalja II (Istrie, Croatie) dans le contexte de la région de l’Est de l’Adriatique

This paper presents the results obtained by lithic analysis of Early Upper Palaeolithic levels in Šandalja II Cave, Istria, Croatia. Technological and typological analysis of stone and typological analysis of bone artefacts have been carried out. Production of flakes in Aurignacian levels (G, F, E and E/F) is dominant, but blade and bladelets production is also present. Blades and bladelets were produced by direct soft hammer technique. Aurignacian people of Šandalja II produced their debitage mainly on local grey chert, which is often patinated. Šandalja II is one of the rare—if not the only—site with Aurignacian industry in eastern Adriatic region. The main reason for absence of such industry at other sites can be seen in scarce population or abandonment of some parts of this region.     

Néandertal et le feu au Paléolithique moyen ancien. Tour d’horizon des traces de son utilisation dans le Nord de la France

This article aims at drawing up balance sheet of remains of fire use by the first Neanderthals of Northern France, during the second part of the Saalian (MIS 8 to 6). This overview reminds us the rarity of fire testimonies during Early Middle Palaeolithic (300–130 ky BP) on the scale of North-Western Europe. For Northern France, only the sites of Biache-Saint-Vaast and Therdonne present remains of combustion. At Biache-Saint-Vaast, it is not less than six levels, which present clues of combustion: burnt flint and faunal remains and sometimes charcoals. At Therdonne, besides burnt numerous flint and some rare faunal remains were brought to light during the excavation of level N3 several rich zones in organic residues and micro-charcoals. All the datas collected concerning the clues of combustion at Biache-Saint-Vaast and Therdonne is compiled, analyzed and interpreted. This approach permits to establish the fire use or its absence in saalian occupations of Neanderthals of Northern France and to discuss modalities of its use, particularly at Therdonne. To conclude, fire status and its implications in first Neanderthals occupations are briefly discussed.