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1.
纳米技术在生物医学的进展使其在肿瘤的诊治中应用日益广泛。荧光纳米粒子中的量子点(Quantum Dots),具备光学成像特性在肿瘤中应用中显示出独特的优势。其作为一种荧光半导体纳米粒子,具有荧光强度高、稳定性强、激发波谱宽、发射波谱窄等光学特性。同时,它可以结合其他功能基团,包括靶向模式、治疗因素和成像探针,为临床肿瘤诊断和治疗提供了新的潜力。本文就量子点的类型和特点及量子点的肿瘤体外和体内成像进行综述。  相似文献   

2.
与传统的荧光染料相比,量子点作为一种新型的无机荧光纳米材料,具有激发光谱宽而连续、发射光谱窄而对称、光稳定性好、荧光寿命长、量子产率高和生物毒性小等优点,被广泛地应用于生命科学的许多领域,其在细胞标记(固定细胞和离体活细胞)和活体示踪成像领域具有独特的应用优势.它突破了传统的有机荧光染料在荧光性能及生物毒性等方面的不可克服的缺陷.它的应用,极大地推动了生命体系高灵敏、原位、实时、动态示踪成像研究的发展.该文综述了量子点的荧光性质及其在细胞标记(固定细胞和离体活细胞)和活体实时动态示踪成像中的应用,并对其在荧光原位杂交,流式细胞术,实时荧光定量pcr等方面的应用前景进行了展望.  相似文献   

3.
量子点是一种半导体纳米晶体,它可发出激发荧光,具有亮度高、稳定时间长和发射光谱可调节等特性,是同时检测多信号的良好材料.这些独特性质使得它们在肿瘤诊治领域中的应用日益受到人们的重视.对量子点进行功能化修饰,如偶联抗体等活性物质后,可以对肿瘤细胞进行特异性识别及示踪,以实现对肿瘤的诊断和治疗.文中分别从分子靶向识别、淋巴结定位和药物传递等方面探讨了功能化量子点在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的最新进展.此外,还讨论了量子点的毒性以及用于肿瘤检测和治疗的多功能量子点的设计方法,并提出了其实际应用的潜在方向.  相似文献   

4.
贵金属团簇(noble metal clusters)是近年来新兴的一类荧光标记材料.由于具有物理尺寸小、荧光可调及生物相容性等优异的性能使得其在生物成像及检测领域都有着广泛的应用前景.本文讨论了贵金属团簇的制备和荧光特性,重点论述了其作为标记材料在细胞成像方面及体外检测应用中的研究进展.  相似文献   

5.
Hu Y  Cai JY 《生理科学进展》2007,38(3):280-282
量子点荧光探针是近几年发展起来的一种新型荧光标记物,拥有荧光染料及荧光蛋白所不能比拟的独特优势,已经在细胞功能研究及细胞表面和内部功能分子的探测、组织的成像和病灶的定位等方面得到了较为广泛的应用。本文对量子点的光学特性、生物化修饰及其在生物成像等方面的应用进展进行了较为详细的介绍,并展望了其应用发展。  相似文献   

6.
磁性纳米材料,由于其独特的磁学性能、小尺寸效应,被广泛应用于生物医学领域.本文总结了磁性纳米材料的化学设计与合成、表面功能化方法,及其在核磁共振成像、磁控治疗、磁热疗和生物分离等生物医学领域的应用进展.  相似文献   

7.
吲哚菁绿(ICG)是一种传统的临床近红外(NIR)荧光染料,同时能够高效吸收激光用于光热和光动力治疗.但是ICG在水溶液中的不稳定性及在体内的快速清除限制了它的应用.纳米技术的快速发展为ICG的进一步开发应用提供了新材料和新思路.本文主要介绍ICG纳米颗粒在肿瘤近红外诊断及光热和光动力治疗领域研究的最新进展.  相似文献   

8.
肿瘤组织的血液供给在时间和空间上存在的非均质性、血管的高渗性、淋巴排出功能的低效性共同形成肿瘤微环境,阻碍治疗药物有效地运输到肿瘤,从而影响其疗效.与传统药物相比,纳米药物能优先递送到肿瘤,并具有多药载药与靶向运输等功能.但肿瘤中特有生理屏障的存在阻碍了纳米药物以有效浓度均匀地运输到肿瘤组织.一些美国食品药品管理局批准的纳米药物疗效并不显著,可能与这些生理屏障的阻碍有关.本文概述了肿瘤治疗时药物需跨过的生理屏障,并总结了克服这些生理屏障的方法,探讨了纳米药物研发时针对肿瘤异常结构优化药物递送需考虑的因素.  相似文献   

9.
循环肿瘤细胞(CTC)是肿瘤转移过程中在血液循环系统中存活的肿瘤细胞,该细胞的生成被认为是肿瘤发生转移的必要前提.CTC的存在与否及数量多少是肿瘤预后判断、疗效监控和肿瘤转移评估的一个重要检测指标.近年来,纳米材料、纳米结构表面以及可操控微量液体的微流控技术广泛应用于CTC的富集和检测,本文对CTC富集、检测纳米技术的最新进展进行综述,希望能够为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供帮助.  相似文献   

10.
目的利用量子点(quantum dots,QDs)免疫荧光技术检测石蜡包埋组织中不同蛋白的定位与免疫酶法进行比较,以及两种蛋白的共表达,并探讨其初步应用价值。方法利用QDs免疫荧光和免疫酶组织化学方法分别检测正常阑尾组织LCA、乳腺肌上皮组织Calponin、肺癌组织p53蛋白的表达,并利用QDs免疫荧光双标法同时检测了宫颈上皮内瘤变组织内CK和PCNA蛋白、乳腺癌组织内Her-2和CK蛋白的共表达。结果QDs免疫荧光和免疫酶组织化学技术分别检测LCA、Calponin和p53蛋白的定位完全一致。QDs免疫荧光双标法结合多光谱成像可同时观察到宫颈上皮内瘤变组织内CK和PCNA蛋白、乳腺癌组织内Her-2和CK蛋白的共表达。结论QDs免疫荧光组织化学法具有与免疫酶法等同的应用价值。QDs免疫荧光双标法可同时检测不同蛋白的共定位。  相似文献   

11.
半导体量子点具有长时间、多目标和灵敏度高等独特的光化学性质,这些特性使量子点成为细胞标记和生物应用中得到了广泛的应用。利用量子点目标定位癌细胞,对于寻找癌变部位具有指导的作用。近年来,利用量子点作为光动力学治疗癌症的能量供体也得到了一定的研究。简单地介绍了量子点独特的光学性质,并从量子点标记癌细胞、可视化癌细胞表面功能和在光动力学治疗癌症等方面综述了量子点在癌症诊断和治疗中的应用。  相似文献   

12.
目的:通过对比两种不同的临床治疗乳腺癌的效果,提出临床治疗乳腺癌更可靠的方案,为临床治疗和相关研究提供参考。方法:选取我院2010年12月至2014年12月期间我院临床收治的乳腺癌患者56例,根据患者临床治疗手术方法情况,分成了研究组和对照组,研究组患者给予乳腔镜腋窝淋巴结清扫术,对照组患者均给予常规的腋窝淋巴结清扫术,观察和比较两者患者实施不同手术治疗后的手术时间、住院费用、术中出血量和并发症发生情况。结果:研究组患者的手术时间长于对照组,研究组患者的住院费用高于对照组,而患者术中出血量研究组患者也低于对照组患者,组问比较差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者术后并发症的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与常规腋窝淋巴结清扫术相比较,乳腔镜手术所需时间较长,并且治疗费用偏高,临床上应给予患者的个体差异情况有针对性的选择实施。  相似文献   

13.
    
Single particle tracking (SPT) techniques were developed to explore bio‐molecules dynamics in live cells at single molecule sensitivity and nanometer spatial resolution. Recent developments in quantum dots (Qdots) surface coating and bio‐conjugation schemes have made them most suitable probes for live cell applications. Here we review recent advancements in using quantum dots as SPT probes for live cell experiments. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

14.
    
BackgroundBreast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) may be spared axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in favour of irradiation. The aim of the study was to estimate local control probability in the axilla (axLCP).Materials and methodsWe identified 1832 invasive breast cancer patients who had undergone SLNB at our centre. We measured maximal metastasis diameter (SLDmax) in the sentinel lymph nodes and lymph node metastasis volume (VALN) from ALND in 246 patients with one or two positive SLNs. We calculated axLCP after irradiation and systemic treatment for different molecular types.ResultsVALN values are higher for high grade tumours and larger metastases in SLNs (> 5 mm). It is smaller in luminal A tumours. axLCP is high, nearly 100%, in all molecular types in radiation sensitive tumours (SF2 Gy = 0.45), except luminal B. Expected axLCP is relatively low (67%) in luminal B radiation sensitive tumours with no chemotherapy and nearly 100% with chemotherapy.ConclusionVALN values differ among molecular tumour types. They depend on SLNDmax and tumour grade. New prognostic factors are needed for selected luminal B breast cancer patients (i.e. high grade tumours, large metastases in SLNs) after positive SLNB intended to be spared ALND and chemotherapy.  相似文献   

15.
目的:探讨胃癌术中前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)定位检测的可行性及其临床意义。方法:使用亚甲蓝对40例胃癌患者行前哨淋巴结术中标识活检,随后行D2或D2以上手术。结果:40例胃癌患者中,38例找到前哨淋巴结,检出率为38/40(95%),有32例存在SLN转移,8例SLN为唯一转移部位,且均为T1、T2期。由SLN的病理学状态来预测胃周围淋巴结转移情况的敏感性为32/34(94.12%),特异性为4/4(100%),假阴性率为2/34(5.88%),准确率为34/38(89.47%),其中假阴性的2例,肿瘤都处于T4期。结论:胃癌SLN定位及活检技术能较准确反映早期胃癌的淋巴结转移状况,但对进展期胃癌而言假阴性率较高,对胃癌整个区域淋巴结状态预测的可靠性和可行性尚需进一步验证。  相似文献   

16.
目的:探讨胃癌术中前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)定位检测的可行性及其临床意义。方法:44t用亚甲蓝对40例胃癌患者行前哨淋巴结术中标识活检,随后行D2或D2以上手术。结果:40例胃癌患者中,38例找到前哨淋巴结,检出率为38/40(95%),有32例存在SLN转移,8例SLN为唯一转移部位,且均为T1、T2期。由SLN的病理学状态来预测胃周围淋巴结转移情况的敏感性为32/34(94.12%),特异性为4/4(100%),假阴性率为2/34(5.88%),准确率为34/38(89.47%),其中假阴性的2例,肿瘤都处于T4期。结论:胃癌SLN定位及活检技术能较准确反映早期胃癌的淋巴结转移状况,但对进展期胃癌而言假阴性率较高,对胃癌整个区域淋巴结状态预测的可靠性和可行性尚需进一步验证。  相似文献   

17.
    
BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the dose coverage of sentinel lymph nodes (SLN), level I, II and III axillary volumes from tangent fields for breast cancer patients with positive SLN without axillary dissection.Materials and methodsIn 30 patients with cN0 invasive breast cancer treated with breast conserving surgery and SLN biopsy, the SLN area was intraoperatively marked with a titanium clip. Retrospectively, the SLN area and axillary target volumes were contoured, and three plans [standard tangent fields (STgF), high tangent fields (HTgF), and STgF + axillary-supraclavicular field] were generated for each patient. The prescribed dose was standardized to 50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions to the isocenter.ResultsThe mean dose with STgF or HTgF was 33.1 and 49.1 Gy (p = 0.0001) in the SLN area, 25.7 and 45.1 Gy (p < 0.0001) in the volume of level I, 7.2 and 28.9 Gy (p < 0.0001) in the level II and 3.5 and 12.7 Gy (p = 0.0003) in the level III. Adequate therapeutic doses to the level II or III volumes were delivered only with STgF + axillary-supraclavicular field. The mean dose of ipsilateral lung was the highest with the three-field-technique, 9.9 Gy. SLN area, level I, II or III were completely included in the HTgF with 93.3%, 73.3%, 13.3% and 0%, respectively.ConclusionsSLN area should be marked by surgical clip and axillary target volumes should be contoured to obtain accurate dose estimations. The use of HTgF improve axillary coverage.  相似文献   

18.
    
To date, several fluorescent probes modified by a single targeting agent have been explored. However, studies on the preparation of dual‐function quantum dot (QD) fluorescent probes with dual‐targeting action and a therapeutic effect are rare. Here, a dual‐targeting CdTe/CdS QD fluorescent probe with a bovine serum albumin–glycyrrhetinic acid conjugate and arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid was successfully prepared that could induce the apoptosis of liver cancer cells and showed enhanced targeting in in vitro cell imaging. Therefore, the as‐prepared fluorescent probe in this work is an efficient diagnostic tool for the simultaneous detection of liver cancer and breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

19.
In this paper, we report the use of lead sulfide quantum dot (PbS QD) bioconjugates as near infrared (NIR) contrast agents for targeted molecular imaging with expanded emission wavelengths beyond 1000 nm. The red-shifted emission band, coupled with the small particle size, which will facilitate clearance, both afford PbS QDs unique properties for noninvasive, high resolution in vivo NIR imaging applications. We have performed imaging experiments at the molecular level using surface-modified PbS NIR QDs, together with our lab-built NIR imaging system. This novel instrumentation and fluorescent contrast agent have enabled us to study the relatively unexplored NIR biomedical imaging spectral region of 900-1200 nm. Preliminary experimental results indicate that PbS-QD/antibody bioconjugates are promising candidates for targeted NIR molecular imaging and future in vivo NIR tissue imaging applications.  相似文献   

20.
    
In vivo tracking and monitoring of adoptive cell transfer has a distinct importance in cell‐based therapy. There are many imaging modalities for in vivo monitoring of biodistribution, viability and effectiveness of transferred cells. Some of these procedures are not applicable in the human body because of low sensitivity and high possibility of tissue damages. Shortwave infrared region (SWIR) imaging is a relatively new technique by which deep biological tissues can be potentially visualized with high resolution at cellular level. Indeed, scanning of the electromagnetic spectrum (beyond 1000 nm) of SWIR has a great potential to increase sensitivity and resolution of in vivo imaging for various human tissues. In this review, molecular imaging modalities used for monitoring of biodistribution and fate of administered cells with focusing on the application of non‐invasive optical imaging at shortwave infrared region are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

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