pH敏感纳米药物载体在肿瘤治疗中的应用研究

pH敏感的纳米递药系统能有效利用其纳米尺寸以及敏感的连接键响应生物体内外不同的刺激,并通过在肿瘤部位选择性释药、增加药物的蓄积、减少药物在血液循环过程中的渗漏以及减轻毒副作用等方式提高药物生物利用度。根据肿瘤组织内不同的pH值构建多种刺激-响应型纳米载药系统是肿瘤治疗领域的发展趋势。本文综述了pH敏感的纳米药物载体在肿瘤治疗领域的研究与进展,以期为今后相关内容的深入研究提供借鉴。     

自组装无载体纳米药物的研究进展

近年来，自组装无载体纳米药物由于具有高载药量、低毒副作用、合成方法简便等特点，在生物医药领域受到广泛关注，尤其在抗肿瘤和抗菌等方面具有广阔的应用前景和发展潜力。本文简述了无载体纳米药物自组装作用力，详细综述了目前自组装无载体纳米药物的制备方法，着重阐述了其在抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗炎和抗氧化等生物医学领域的应用及研究进展，最后讨论了无载体纳米药物面临的挑战和未来的发展方向，以期为合理设计更有效的自组装无载体纳米药物及其在临床应用提供理论依据。     

脂质纳米粒子在药物中的应用

脂质纳米粒子是用生物可降解的脂质制备,故这种载体系统拥有很好的生物相容性和安全性。本文着重介绍脂质纳米粒子在药物中的应用,如抗肿瘤药物、抗病毒药物、抗炎症药物、免疫药物、抗真菌药物、降血糖药物等。最后,指出了脂质纳米粒子的发展前景。     

刺激响应型纳米载体在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展

刺激响应型纳米载体是通过对外界刺激响应而产生相应结构或理化性质变化的纳米智能载药体系,具有避免药物过早泄露,提高病灶药物浓度的特点,目前已成为肿瘤诊断和治疗领域的研究热点,广泛用于控制药物的呈递和释放.本文从温度、磁场、超声、光、pH等外源和内源刺激角度,阐述了智能响应型纳米载体近年来在肿瘤诊疗领域的研究进展.     

纳米药物递送系统在基于化疗的联合治疗中的研究进展

肿瘤是一种病理过程复杂的疾病。大多数肿瘤患者接受化疗和放疗，但这些治疗通常只对部分有效，并产生各种严重的副作用。因此，有必要开发新的治疗策略。联合治疗是目前肿瘤治疗的热点，联合用药引起的多种协同作用是提高抗肿瘤活性的关键。纳米药物递送系统的出现对临床治疗产生了深远的影响。药物的体内递送常不能达到令人满意的治疗效果，而纳米药物递送系统可以实现肿瘤靶向给药，在提高抗肿瘤效果的同时降低药物的毒副作用。本文介绍了多种基于化疗的联合治疗方法，重点阐述了纳米药物递送系统在基于化疗的联合治疗中的运用，并对该领域面临的挑战和未来发展方向进行了展望。     

药物输送系统中Janus纳米粒子的制备及应用

Janus纳米粒子(Janus nanoparticle,JNP)用于描述由两个不同侧面组合而成的一种异质结构的实体材料。Janus纳米粒子每个侧面在化学性质和/或极性上都有所差异,可将不同材料的特征和功能结合在一起,这是同类均质的材料难以实现的。近年来,Janus纳米粒子的制备方法已取得了重大突破,但其应用的发展方向仍然是一个充满挑战的领域,其中在抗肿瘤药物输送系统领域的研究较为突出。主要介绍了在药物输送系统中Janus纳米粒子的制备方法及应用,并提出了研究前景和可能面临的挑战。     

纳米递送载体在口服抗肿瘤药物给药系统中的应用

化疗治疗是目前肿瘤治疗的主要手段之一,但大部分化疗药物具有水溶性低、肠道壁通透性差、易受到P-糖蛋白(P-gp)外排的性质,极大限制了其开发为口服制剂。基于纳米技术的药物递送系统在口服抗肿瘤药物的递送中具有独特的优势,表现出良好的应用前景。笔者将深入探讨纳米递送载体在药物口服递送中所面临的生理障碍以及克服生理屏障的方法,并对聚合物胶束、脂质体、纳米粒等纳米体载体在抗肿瘤药物口服递药系统的应用进行了详细的综述。     

细胞/细菌驱动的药物递送系统研究进展

细胞/细菌驱动的药物传递系统是一种有前景的药物递送策略. 该策略将具有不同优异特性的活细胞/细菌与药物有机结合,能够有效克服传统纳米药物生物利用率低、靶向性能弱、组织穿透性不强等缺陷. 得益于对目标病灶特异响应,这类药物递送系统不仅能够实现药物高效的主动靶向递送,还可以降低对正常组织的毒副作用,目前已成功运用于药物呈递,在疾病诊断和治疗领域展示了广阔的应用前景. 本文初步探讨了细胞/细菌驱动的药物递送系统的研究进展,并对其未来研究进行展望.     

药物传输系统

Delphi Associates提交的名为“药物传输系统”的市场研究报告指出,到1996年,聚合物将主导药物传输系统,占领约30％的市场,收益为33亿美元。目前聚合物中销售量最大的是来自可生物降解的聚合物,但预计输送噻嗪类利尿剂的粘合剂和输送生长激素的水凝胶和胶原将在1993年增加聚合物的年收益。“药物传输系统”旨在为药物公司经理们提供关于迅速变化的药物传输市场的综合性策略综述。该报告分为技术和市场信息两部分,提供了药物传输系统变化的最新详细分析,以及欧洲、美国和日本市场的     

抗肿瘤药物市场概述

无论在发达国家还是在发展中国家,癌症都是死亡率最高的疾病,并且其死亡率和发病率仍不断增高,因此抗肿瘤药物市场的潜力巨大。1997年至2015年,FDA共批准128个抗肿瘤药物,全球抗肿瘤药物市场规模超过1000亿美元,靶向药物占比达到62%,已经成为抗肿瘤新药的主流。全球抗肿瘤药物市场集中度极高,罗氏是其中的领导者,各大药企都对抗肿瘤药物怀有极大的开发热情。国内抗肿瘤药物以传统药物为主,靶向药物市场份额正在迅速提升,同时自主研发型新药也在逐渐增多。2015年国内抗肿瘤药物市场规模达到957.83亿元,未来还将进一扩大。     

生物可降解聚合物纳米粒给药载体

生物可降解聚合物纳米粒用于给药载体具有广阔的前景。本文综述了生物可降解聚合物纳米粒给药载体领域的最新进展 :包括纳米粒表面修饰特性、药物释放、载多肽和蛋白质等生物大分子药物传输中的潜在应用。     

Targeted drug delivery in pancreatic cancer

Effective drug delivery in pancreatic cancer treatment remains a major challenge. Because of the high resistance to chemo and radiation therapy, the overall survival rate for pancreatic cancer is extremely low. Recent advances in drug delivery systems hold great promise for improving cancer therapy. Using liposomes, nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes to deliver cancer drugs and other therapeutic agents such as siRNA, suicide gene, oncolytic virus, small molecule inhibitor, and antibody has been a success in recent preclinical trials. However, how to improve the specificity and stability of the delivered drug using ligand or antibody directed delivery represent a major problem. Therefore, developing novel, specific, tumor-targeted drug delivery systems is urgently needed for this terrible disease. This review summarizes the current progress on targeted drug delivery in pancreatic cancer and provides important information on potential therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer treatment.     

Engineered nanoparticles as precise drug delivery systems

With the remarkable development of nanotechnology in recent years, new drug delivery approaches based on the state-of-the-art nanotechnology have been receiving significant attention. Nanoparticles, an evolvement of nanotechnology, are increasingly considered as a potential candidate to carry therapeutic agents safely into a targeted compartment in an organ, particular tissue or cell. These particles are colloidal structures with a diameter smaller than 1,000 nm, and therefore can penetrate through diminutive capillaries into the cell's internal machinery. This innovative delivery technique might be a promising technology to meet the current challenges in drug delivery. When loaded with a gene or drug agent, nanoparticles can become nanopills, which can effectively treat problematical diseases such as cancer. This article summarizes different types of nanoparticles drug delivery systems under investigation and their prospective therapeutic applications. Also, this article presents a closer look at the advances, current challenges, and future direction of nanoparticles drug delivery systems.     

Beyond traditional therapy: Mucoadhesive polymers as a new frontier in oral cancer management

In recent times mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are gaining popularity in oral cancer. It is a malignancy with high global prevalence. Despite significant advances in cancer therapeutics, improving the prognosis of late-stage oral cancer remains challenging. Targeted therapy using mucoadhesive polymers can improve oral cancer patients' overall outcome by offering enhanced oral mucosa bioavailability, better drug distribution and tissue targeting, and minimizing systemic side effects. Mucoadhesive polymers can also be delivered via different formulations such as tablets, films, patches, gels, and nanoparticles. These polymers can deliver an array of medicines, making them an adaptable drug delivery approach. Drug delivery techniques based on these mucoadhesive polymers are gaining traction and have immense potential as a prospective treatment for late-stage oral cancer. This review examines leading research in mucoadhesive polymers and discusses their potential applications in treating oral cancer.     

金纳米粒及其在药物传递系统中的应用研究进展

近年来,随着纳米材料科学的蓬勃发展,金纳米粒由于具有独特的光学和物理性质以及毒性小、比表面积大、表面可功能化修饰、易与药物分子结合等特点,其作为载体在药物传递系统中的应用已引起广泛关注。综述金纳米粒的特性、合成方法、体内分布与毒性以及在不同药物传递系统中的应用研究。     

金纳米粒在药物传递系统中的应用

金纳米粒是一种新型纳米载体,具有独特的理化、光学和生物学性质,且具有低毒性、低免疫原性、生物相容性好、体表面积大、易制备、粒径和形态可控、表面易修饰等优点,在生物医学领域和药物传递系统中具有广阔的应用前景。综述金纳米粒在小分子药物和基因药物传递系统中的应用研究新进展。     

Receptor-targeted nanocarriers for therapeutic delivery to cancer

Abstract

Efficient and site-specific delivery of therapeutic drugs is a critical challenge in clinical treatment of cancer. Nano-sized carriers such as liposomes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles have been investigated for improving bioavailability and pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutics via various mechanisms, for example, the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Further improvement can potentially be achieved by conjugation of targeting ligands onto nanocarriers to achieve selective delivery to the tumour cell or the tumour vasculature. Indeed, receptor-targeted nanocarrier delivery has been shown to improve therapeutic responses both in vitro and in vivo. A variety of ligands have been investigated including folate, transferrin, antibodies, peptides and aptamers. Multiple functionalities can be incorporated into the design of nanoparticles, e.g., to enable imaging and triggered intracellular drug release. In this review, we mainly focus on recent advances on the development of targeted nanocarriers and will introduce novel concepts such as multi-targeting and multi-functional nanoparticles.     

Gold nanoparticles: Emerging paradigm for targeted drug delivery system

The application of nanotechnology in medicine, known as nanomedicine, has introduced a plethora of nanoparticles of variable chemistry and design considerations for cancer diagnosis and treatment. One of the most important field is the design and development of pharmaceutical drugs, based on targeted drug delivery system (TDDS). Being inspired by physio-chemical properties of nanoparticles, TDDS are designed to safely reach their targets and specifically release their cargo at the site of disease for enhanced therapeutic effects, thereby increasing the drug tissue bioavailability. Nanoparticles have the advantage of targeting cancer by simply being accumulated and entrapped in cancer cells. However, even after rapid growth of nanotechnology in nanomedicine, designing an effective targeted drug delivery system is still a challenging task. In this review, we reveal the recent advances in drug delivery approach with a particular focus on gold nanoparticles. We seek to expound on how these nanomaterials communicate in the complex environment to reach the target site, and how to design the effective TDDS for complex environments and simultaneously monitor the toxicity on the basis of designing such delivery complexes. Hence, this review will shed light on the research, opportunities and challenges for engineering nanomaterials with cancer biology and medicine to develop effective TDDS for treatment of cancer.     

Nanodrug Delivery Systems: A Promising Technology for Detection,Diagnosis, and Treatment of Cancer

Nanotechnology has enabled the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic strategies, such as advances in targeted drug delivery systems, versatile molecular imaging modalities, stimulus responsive components for fabrication, and potential theranostic agents in cancer therapy. Nanoparticle modifications such as conjugation with polyethylene glycol have been used to increase the duration of nanoparticles in blood circulation and reduce renal clearance rates. Such modifications to nanoparticle fabrication are the initial steps toward clinical translation of nanoparticles. Additionally, the development of targeted drug delivery systems has substantially contributed to the therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer drugs and cancer gene therapies compared with nontargeted conventional delivery systems. Although multifunctional nanoparticles offer numerous advantages, their complex nature imparts challenges in reproducibility and concerns of toxicity. A thorough understanding of the biological behavior of nanoparticle systems is strongly warranted prior to testing such systems in a clinical setting. Translation of novel nanodrug delivery systems from the bench to the bedside will require a collective approach. The present review focuses on recent research efforts citing relevant examples of advanced nanodrug delivery and imaging systems developed for cancer therapy. Additionally, this review highlights the newest technologies such as microfluidics and biomimetics that can aid in the development and speedy translation of nanodrug delivery systems to the clinic.     

Nanomaterials for cancer therapy and imaging

A variety of organic and inorganic nanomaterials with dimensions below several hundred nanometers are recently emerging as promising tools for cancer therapeutic and diagnostic applications due to their unique characteristics of passive tumor targeting. A wide range of nanomedicine platforms such as polymeric micelles, liposomes, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles have been extensively explored for targeted delivery of anti-cancer agents, because they can accumulate in the solid tumor site via leaky tumor vascular structures, thereby selectively delivering therapeutic payloads into the desired tumor tissue. In recent years, nanoscale delivery vehicles for small interfering RNA (siRNA) have been also developed as effective therapeutic approaches to treat cancer. Furthermore, rationally designed multi-functional surface modification of these nanomaterials with cancer targeting moieties, protective polymers, and imaging agents can lead to fabrication versatile theragnostic nanosystems that allow simultaneous cancer therapy and diagnosis. This review highlights the current state and future prospects of diverse biomedical nanomaterials for cancer therapy and imaging.