黄蚬(Corbicula aurea Heude)的生长研究

黄蚬隶属于直瓣鳃目、蚬科、蚬属,是中国特有的种类。通过对黄蚬个体生长情况以及年龄、壳长、壳宽、壳高等的研究,为进一步确定黄蚬在蚬属中的分类位置提供依据和蚬属种类在水产养殖、医学研究及水域污染状况监测利用上提供一定资料。     

广东古田自然保护区蝶类群落多样性

2014—2015年对广东省惠东古田省级自然保护区的蝶类开展调查,对蝶类群落的种类组成及多样性特征进行了分析。共调查到蝶类8科39属54种,优势种为宽边黄粉蝶[Eurema hecabe(Linnaeus)]、绢斑蝶[Parantica aglea(Stoll)]、中环蛱蝶[Neptis hylas(Linnaeus)]、异型紫斑蝶[Euploea mulciber(Cramer)]和虎斑蝶[Danaus genutia(Cramer)]。多样性分析结果表明:蛱蝶科的Margalef物种丰度最高,其次为凤蝶科和眼蝶科,斑蝶科和蚬蝶科最低;Shannon多样性指数从高到低依次为蛱蝶科、凤蝶科、眼蝶科、弄蝶科、灰蝶科、粉蝶科、斑蝶科和蚬蝶科;斑蝶科的Pielou均匀度指数最高,其次为蚬蝶科和眼蝶科;Simpson生态优势度最高的是蚬蝶科,其次是粉蝶科和斑蝶科。     

香港蕨类植物分布新记录和名称修订(三)

报道了近年在香港再发现的两个属－黄腺蕨属（叉蕨科）和网藤蕨属（藤蕨科）,并对港产的黄腺蕨、有盖黄腺蕨和网藤蕨的标本和文献进行整理,及对国产的相近种类作分类处理,把钩形黄腺羽蕨和广西黄腺羽蕨归并于黄腺蕨中。此外,亦对网藤蕨进行了长期观察,证实了Holtum关于该种的叶轴顶端的形态修正。黄腺蕨属和网藤蕨属在香港的再发现,对华南蕨植物地理区系的研究具有一定的意义。由于这两属在本地均为罕见之种类,故可考虑到入得法珍稀蕨类名单之内。     

蚬木的大孢子发生与胚囊发育兼论蚬木属的系统亲缘

蚬木Excentrodendron hsienmu雌雄花在发育早期均有小孢子和大孢子的早期发育, 难以区分。蚬木子房5室, 具中轴胎座, 每室2胚珠; 胚珠倒生, 厚珠心, 双珠被, 成熟胚囊内珠被3层细胞, 外珠被3-4层细胞, 内外珠被共同形成之字形珠孔; 单细胞孢原, 大孢子四分体主要为线形, 稀为T形, 通常合点端大孢子为功能大孢子, 胚囊为蓼型; 在大孢子发生和胚囊发育时期有退化现象, 成熟胚囊时期退化率和种子退化率分别达88%和91%。蚬木属Excentrodendron在内外珠被层数上与柄翅果属Burretiodendron明显不同, 也与翅子树属Pterospermum、非洲芙蓉族Dombeyeae不同。蚬木属与柄翅果属的分离一直没有得到广泛接受, 但胚胎学证据支持蚬木属的建立; 与广义锦葵科Malvaceae s.l.其他属胚胎学资料的比较表明, 蚬木属在广义锦葵科中较孤立。     

中国黄粉蝶亚科六属间基于COⅡ和EF-1α基因部分序列的系统发育关系（鳞翅目：粉蝶科）

为了探讨中国黄粉蝶亚科属间的系统发育关系,我们对其中6属9种的细胞色素氧化酶Ⅱ（COⅡ）的部分序列和延伸因子基因（EF-1α）部分序列进行了分析。分别采用最大简约法（maximum parsimony, MP）、最大似然法（maximum likelihood, ML）和贝叶斯推论法（bayesian inference, BI）构建黄粉蝶亚科分子系统树。结果表明：在测得的COⅡ基因的648 bp序列和EF-1α基因的504 bp序列中,有261个变异位点,151个简约信息位点,黄粉蝶亚科内各属COⅡ基因A+T含量（77.3%）均明显偏高。系统发育分析显示黄粉蝶属为亚科中较为原始的类群,分化较早,豆粉蝶属和迁粉蝶属亲缘关系较近,但钩粉蝶属与豆粉蝶属、迁粉蝶属之间的亲缘关系还不能确定。本研究结果和传统的基于形态学的黄粉蝶亚科的分类体系有所不同,最显著的分歧是本研究支持内群中分化最早的属应为黄粉蝶属,而不是豆粉蝶属和迁粉蝶属。     

锦葵目蚬木属和柄翅果属的木材解剖学研究及其系统学意义

蚬木属(Excentrodendron H.T.Chang & R.H.Miau)与柄翅果属(Burretiodendron Rehder)的分离一直未得到广泛认同,二者在锦葵目中的系统地位也还不十分清楚.本文研究了柄翅果、元江柄翅果、滇桐和火绳树的木材解剖.柄翅果和元江柄翅果在木材解剖特征上非常相似,2～3个管孔组成径列复管孔,单管孔较多,导管分子无螺纹加厚,穿孔板单一,轴向薄壁组织稀少,射线异型IIB,单列射线少,多列射线常2～3列,具翅子树属型瓦形细胞;蚬木属单列射线罕见,瓦形细胞榴莲型,单列射线较高,木材解剖特征支持蚬木属和柄翅果属的分离;蚬木属和柄翅果属与滇桐属在木材解剖特征上差异显著,与火绳树属的差异也较明显,但与梧桐科翅子树属比较接近,与其它有关类群,如一担柴属、Luehea、Entelea以及Dombeyeae族等都有明显差异.     

天祝夏玛林区蝶类区系研究

2008-2010年每年7-9月,在天祝夏玛林区按照不同海拔高度及不同植被类型的自然环境,对蝶类进行了系统的采集,共获得蝶类标本2000号,经整理、鉴定出71种蝶类,隶属于8科50属。其中粉蝶科9属20种,占总种数的28.2%,为优势类群;蛱蝶科15属15种,眼蝶科13属14种,分别占总种数的21.1%和19.7%,为次优势类群;绢蝶科(1属9种)和灰蝶科(8属8种)为常见类群;弄蝶科(2属2种)、凤蝶科(1属2种)和蚬蝶科(1属1种)为罕见类群。区系成分分析结果是,属于古北界的种类有51种,占总种数的71.8%;属于东洋界与古北界兼有种类有14种,占总种数的19.7%;广布种6种,占总种数的8.5%;完全属于东洋界的种类无分布。结果表明,该地区分布的蝶类区系成分以古北界的种类为主。     

Community characteristics of butterflies in the Gansu Taitong——Kongtongshan National Nature Reserve

2006-2010年期间,对太统—崆峒山国家级自然保护区的蝶类进行了研究.采集到蝶类标本共计4800余号,经过整理鉴定出蝶类230种及亚种,隶属10科24亚科126属.其中36属71种为优势类群,占总种数的30.87％;眼蝶科有46种,占20.0％;灰蝶科有37种,占16.1％,为次优势类群;喙蝶科、蚬蝶科为单属单种,属于罕见类群;其他各科为常见类群.在230种蝶类中,属于古北界的种类占总种数的26.5％,属于东洋界的种类占总种数的5.7％,两界兼有种类和广布种类占总种数的67.8％,即广布种类成分最多,东洋界成分最少.230种蝶类隶属126属,其中单种属有75个,占总属的59.5％,包含的种类占总种数的32.6％;多种属有51个,占总属的40.5％,包含的种类数有155种,占总种数的67.4％;属种比值系数为0.548.结果表明,该地区蝶类区系以单种属为主.     

中国拟台蚱属的研究及一新种记述(直翅目: 蚱科)

记述分布于中国、尼泊尔及北朝鲜地区拟台蚱属的种类7种,包括1新种, 即墨脱拟台蚱Formosatettixoides motuoensis sp. nov,并提供了拟台蚱属的分种检索表和种类分布。模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所昆虫标本室。     

甘肃太统一崆峒山国家自然保护区的蝶类群落特征

2006--2010年期间,对太统一崆峒山国家级自然保护区的蝶类进行了研究。采集到蝶类标本共计4800余号,经过整理鉴定出蝶类230种及亚种,隶属10科24亚科126属。其中36属71种为优势类群,占总种数的30．87％;眼蝶科有46种,占20．0％;灰蝶科有37种,占16．1％,为次优势类群;喙蝶科、蚬蝶科为单属单种,属于罕见类群;其他各科为常见类群。在230种蝶类中,属于古北界的种类占总种数的26．5％,属于东洋界的种类占总种数的5．7％,两界兼有种类和广布种类占总种数的67．8％,即广布种类成分最多,东洋界成分最少。230种蝶类隶属126属,其中单种属有75个,占总属的59．5％,包含的种类占总种数的32．6％;多种属有51个,占总属的40．5％,包含的种类数有155种,占总种数的67．4％;属种比值系数为0．548。结果表明,该地区蝶类区系以单种属为主。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.