碳代谢基因gabT调控生防菌Snea253的γ-氨基丁酸代谢途径影响杀线虫活性

【背景】委内瑞拉链霉菌Snea253是本实验室前期获得的具有杀植物线虫活性的生防放线菌,通过生物信息学分析,γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶基因(gabT)是参与Snea253碳代谢的重要基因之一。【目的】明确gabT基因通过调控Snea253的γ-氨基丁酸(γ-Aminobutyric acid,GABA)代谢通路,从而影响菌株的活性。【方法】以紫外诱变所得弱毒株(Snea253-R)为材料,以南方根结线虫为靶标,在弱毒株中过表达gabT基因,通过酶联免疫法(ELISA)和高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分别检测菌株中GABA和下游代谢产物琥珀酸的含量及杀线虫活性,同时检测在不同碳源培养条件下野生型菌株gabT基因表达水平、产物含量和杀线虫活性。【结果】过表达菌株R-p IB139的gabT基因上调表达,GABA含量降低,琥珀酸含量升高,杀线虫活性提高了39%;在8种不同碳源培养条件下,gabT基因在野生株中相对表达量较高的培养基碳源是可溶性淀粉和玉米淀粉,其发酵液中GABA含量较低,发酵液中下游代谢产物增多,杀线虫活性较高。【结论】通过改变gabT基因的表达,明确GABA支路在调控Snea253代谢以提高杀线虫的过程中发挥重要作用。     

芽孢杆菌γ-氨基丁酸代谢旁路研究进展

-γ氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)是一种在生物体中普遍存在的四碳非蛋白质氨基酸,具有较为广泛的生理功能。其代谢是通过GABA旁路(GABA shunt)来完成的。现就其基本性质、代谢调控特点、表达调控机制及其生理功能等方面分别介绍芽孢杆菌γ-氨基丁酸代谢旁路的研究进展。系统研究苏云金芽孢杆菌中γ-氨基丁酸代谢旁路的调控机制和生理功能,有可能为进一步了解其杀虫晶体和芽孢的形成机制提供思路和线索。     

高等植物体内的多胺分解代谢及其主要产物的生理作用

本文简要地介绍了多胺的分解代谢途径、与分解代谢有关的酶(多胺氧化酶、二胺氧化酶、氨丙基转移酶、γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶和琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶)及其主要产物(二氨基丙胺、γ-氨基丁酸、稀有多胺和H2O2)在高等植物体内的生理作用.     

高等植物体内γ-氨基丁酸合成、代谢及其生理作用

对γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)在植物体内的合成、代谢和与之有关的谷氨酸脱羧酶、γ-氨基丁酸转氨酶和琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶的特性,H 、Ca2 、CaM等因素对GABA合成代谢的影响和GABA在高等植物体内可能的生理作用作了介绍。     

甜高粱琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶SbSSADH基因克隆及原核表达

γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA)代谢旁路是TCA循环的一个代谢支路,广泛存在于动植物和微生物中,植物GABA代谢旁路与植物生物和非生物胁迫响应相关。琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶(SSADH)是GABA旁路的一个关键酶,对GABA途径在生物体内发挥功能起着至关重要的作用。通过检索Maize GDB和Gramene数据库获得甜高粱Sb SSADH基因信息,利用同源克隆的方法获得了甜高粱Sb SSADH基因。序列分析结果表明,Sb SSADH基因与玉米、甘蔗在核酸序列的相似度为94.77%,但前端约200 bp的信号肽部分差异较大。通过以p ET-28a为表达载体构建Sb SSADH原核表达系统,Rosetta菌株为表达菌,表达出约50 k D的SSADH蛋白,将纯化的蛋白进行酶活分析,纯化蛋白具有琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶活性,并且受酶抑制剂ATP和AMP的抑制。     

鱼腥藻PCC7120中琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶的初步表征及结构分析

蓝藻琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶催化琥珀酸半醛到琥珀酸的转化,使得蓝藻的三羧酸循环变得完整。BLAST序列分析预测鱼腥藻PCC7120中all3556基因编码琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶。为了证实all3556基因编码蛋白的催化功能,构建了p ET28a-all3556表达质粒,并在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌体中进行重组蛋白诱导表达;利用镍亲和层析方法对all3556蛋白进行了分离纯化。酶动力学测试表明all3556蛋白是一个NADP+-依赖型的琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶。生物信息学分析发现all3556蛋白和其他来源的琥珀酸半醛脱氢酶的氨基酸序列具有一定的同源性,在催化中心的氨基酸残基高度保守。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73菌株sigL基因突变体的特性分析

[目的]通过分析苏云金芽胞杆菌sigL基因突变体的特征,进一步明确sigL基因在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的功能.[方法]测定了苏云金芽胞杆菌HD-73菌株,sigL基因缺失突变菌株和互补菌株在不同营养成分的培养基中的生长曲线以及在不同氮源条件下的生长情况.分别将调控aco操纵子(编码3-羟基丁酮脱氢酶系统)的转录调节基因acoR和调控bkd操纵子(编码催化支链脂肪酸合成的酶系统)的转录调节基因bkdR的启动子与lacZ基因融合,并转入出发菌株和sigL突变体中,测定β-半乳糖苷酶的活性.[结果]sigL突变体不能利用精氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、谷氨酰胺、苯丙氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸为唯一的氮源;β-半乳糖苷酶的活性分析表明:在sigL突变体中acoR基因和bkdR基因的启动子活性降低.序列比对分析表明:Bt中的AcoR和BkdR的蛋白结构域与依赖于σL的转录调节因子的保守序列相似.[结论]苏云金芽胞杆菌中sigL基因的缺失可能阻碍了某些重要碳、氮源参与的代谢途径.在Bt中AcoR和BkdR是依赖于σL的转录调节因子.     

γ-氨基丁酸在高等植物体内的代谢和功能

从γ-氨基丁酸在植物体内的代谢、调节、胞内和胞间运输、植物体内的生理功能四方面介述了γ-氨基丁酸在高等植物中的可能生理作用.     

类似S-层蛋白的苏云金芽胞杆菌伴胞晶体蛋白基因的克隆

芽胞杆菌CTC菌株被鉴定为苏云金芽胞杆菌 ,鞭毛血清型H2 ,幕虫亚种 ;产生卵圆形伴胞晶体 ,伴胞晶体蛋白为 1 0 0kD ;测定了该蛋白的N 末端序列 ,该序列与炭疽芽胞杆菌的细胞表面S 层蛋白具 92 %～ 93%相似性 ;根据Southern杂交制作了该晶体蛋白基因ctc所在位置的限制性酶切图谱 ,分别克隆了该基因 5′和 3′端所在的 2 9kbXbaI片段和 3 1kbClaIDNA片段 ,彼此间具 0 6kb重叠 ,通过拼接获得含完整ctc基因的克隆。含该基因的大肠杆菌与表达S 层蛋白的大肠杆菌具相似生长特征。初步表明CTC菌株的伴胞晶体由细胞表面S 层蛋白组成。苏云金芽胞杆菌区别于蜡状芽胞杆菌和炭疽芽胞杆菌的唯一标准是能形成伴胞晶体 ,由于S 层是细胞表面的结构成分 ,本文对CTC菌株鉴定为苏云金芽胞杆菌以及伴胞晶体作为苏云金芽胞杆菌鉴别的唯一标准提出了质疑     

地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因的克隆、表达及降解性能鉴定

目的:验证在地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中存在着γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因(ywtD),为下一步解决在γ-聚谷氨酸微生物发酵合成过程中产物γ-PGA降解的技术性难题提供依据。方法:通过在pET-28b(+)大肠杆菌表达系统克隆表达地衣芽孢杆菌ATCC9945A中的ywtD基因,对诱导表达条件进行优化,采用SDS-PAGE和Western Blot方法检测目的蛋白的表达,并体外酶解实验验证其活性。结果:PCR扩增得到了一个1 245bp的基因片段,预期编码414个氨基酸,诱导表达后得到一个分子量大小约为45.6 kDa的表达产物。Western Blot分析结果表明ywtD基因得到了有效表达。体外酶解实验表明该表达产物具有降解γ-PGA的活性。结论:证明在地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中存在着γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因。     

Reaction of Muscimol with 4-Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase

Abstract: The reaction of muscimol as amino donor substrate for GABA transaminase (GABA-T) has been studied using enzyme purified from rabbit brain. Enzyme activity was assayed by measuring the glutamate produced using glutamate dehydrogenase. Kinetic parameters determined at 37°C were for GABA, K _m (app) = 1.92 ± 0.24 m M , specific activity = 7.33 ± 0.27 μmol/min/mg ( k _cat= 13.7s⁻¹), and for muscimol, K _m (app) = 1.27 ± 0.15 m M , specific activity = 0.101 ± 0.009 μmol/min/mg ( k _cat= 0.19s⁻¹). Addition of muscimol to the enzyme caused the spectral changes associated with conversion of the pyridoxaldimine form to the pyridoxamine form, and the first-order rate constant for the reaction showed a dependence on muscimol concentration that followed saturation kinetics, with a K = 1.1 ±0.18 m M and k _max= 0.065 ± 0.004 s⁻¹ (19°C). The rate of spectral change observed on addition of muscimol to ornithine transaminase was extremely slow—at least an order of magnitude slower than that seen with GABA-T.     

GABAA受体的神经药理学研究进展

配体闸门离子通道超家族成员之一的GABAA受体,是一种介导抗焦虑药物、镇静药物、抗惊厥药物、肌肉驰缓药物和失忆活动的多功能药物作用靶标。本文综述了近年来国外有关GABAA受体的神经药理学研究进展。     

GABA-C受体/通道的最新研究进展

目前已有很多关于GABA-C受体/通道在视网膜中功能的研究报道,但近年来发现它在哺乳动物的视网膜外的组织,如丘脑、海马、垂体、脊髓、小脑和胃肠道等也有表达并参与了相关激素的调控.本文将主要叙述GABA-C受体/通道在分子结构、分布和药理学特性方面较新的研究进展及参与相关激素包括褪黑激素、催乳素、生长激素和促甲状腺激素调控的研究.     

A型γ氨基丁酸受体结构及其有关药物

A型γ氨基丁酸(GABAA)受体是中枢神经系统内最重要的抑制性神经递质GABA的受体,是配体门控离子通道超家族成员之一。本文对国内外有关GABAA受体的结构与功能的关系以及与其相互作用的有关药物进行了讨论。     

Lateral differences in GABA binding sites in rat brain

An asymmetric distribution of GABA binding sites was found in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellar hemispheres, striatum, and thalamus. Higher levels of [³H]GABA binding were observed in the left-side of most brain areas and in a greater percentage of adult rats, but the opposite asymmetry was found in the thalamus. A similar left-right difference in cerebral hemispheres was also found in five day-old rats, suggesting the genetic predetermination of asymmetry.     

A method for the determination of the integrity of labeled GABA used in membrane receptor binding assay

A simple method for the determination of the proportion of true GABA within labeled GABA used for membrane binding assay is presented. The method is intended for the assessment of the integrity of refrigerator (+4°C) stored labeled neurotransmitter. Its application allows a precise determination of the binding parameters.     

Effect of aminooxyacetic acid on the release of preloaded [3H]GABA and radioactive metabolites from slices of developing mouse brain

The release of [³H]-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and its radioactive metabolites from slices of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, striatum and brain stem of developing and adult mice was studied. The slices were incubated and superfused in the absence and presence of the GABA aminotransferase (GABA-T) inhibitor aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA). Exposure to 100 M AOAA totally inhibited GABA-T and all radioactivity released from slices was in authentic GABA. In studies on developing brain the 10-M concentration was also effective enough, except in cerebellar slices. In the absence of AOAA the major part of radioactivity spontaneously released from slices of adult cerebral cortex and cerebellum was tritiated water and still about one third part in the presence of 10 M AOAA. Potassium stimulation induced only the release of radioactive GABA but not labeled metabolites in both presence and absence of AOAA. AOAA reduced the stimulation-induced release of GABA. It is recommended that the use of GABA-T inhibitors should be discontinued in release experiments. Then labeled GABA must be separated in the effluents from its radioactive breakdown products.     

A Bioluminescent γ-Aminobutyrate Assay for Monitoring Its Release from Inhibitory Nerve Endings

Abstract: A bioluminescent GABA assay is described. The principle of the procedure is based on the action of GABASE (GABA-aminotransferase plus succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase), coupled to the detection of succinic semialdehyde and NADH, using Photobacterium luciferase. The method was used for monitoring GABA release from depolarized brain slices.     

Age-Dependent Changes in Brain GABA Turnover Rates in Two Inbred Strains of Mice

gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) steady-state levels and turnover rates have been determined in 15 brain areas of 21-day- and 3-month-old DBA/2J (DBA) and C57B1/6J (C57) mice. These two inbred strains differ by their susceptibility to audiogenic seizures; moreover, the involvement of GABAergic neurotransmission has been suggested in the control of this behavior. Turnover rates are generally higher at 21 days than at 3 months of age. There are few significant differences in the GABA steady-state levels between 21-day-old seizure-prone DBA mice when compared with seizure-resistant C57 mice. In the DBA mice, the steady-state level is higher in the olfactory bulbs and lower in the posterior colliculus and the olfactory tubercles than in the C57 mice. Although there are some significant differences in GABA turnover rates and steady-state levels, intra or inter strains, it is difficult to correlate directly these differences with seizure susceptibility.     

Pharmacological and Biochemical Aspects of GABAergic Neurotransmission: Pathological and Neuropsychobiological Relationships

1. The GABAergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the modulation of many neural networks in forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, as well as, in several neurological disorders.2. The complete comprehension of GABA system neurochemical properties and the search for approaches in identifying new targets for the treatment of neural diseases related to GABAergic pathway are of the extreme relevance.3. The present review will be focused on the pharmacology and biochemistry of the GABA metabolism, GABA receptors and transporters. In addition, the pathological and psychobiological implications related to GABAergic neurotransmission will be considered.