第13届国际生物奥林匹克赛(2002)实验试题(1)

实验 　　动物系统学和形态学实验考试时间 6 0 min,共 4 0分。工具和设备　显微镜 ,载玻片、盖玻片、标本针、镊子、10个培养皿 (容器 ) ,带有 A～J的标注。每 1个培养皿中有 1种动物。引　言科学家已经调查到 1个淡水湖中的动物区系。底栖生物、浮游生物和生活在水表面的动物的标本被采集以标志水生动物的这个动物区系和它们彼此间的联系。这些标本被分类 ,然后 ,用福尔马林固定后移到 70 %酒精中 ,或使之在活的状态中。任　务1　在答卷中填写每一个容器中的标本的所在门类的编号。　只有在答卷上的答案才被标分 ,才有效。(1)节肢动物门…     

第13届国际生物奥林匹克竞赛(2002)理论试题(1)

你有 4 h回答所有的问题。在 A部分的问题只有 1个正确答案 ,并要用×的记号在答卷的相应空格中写出。A部分的每一个正确答案得 1分。在答题纸上回答 B部分 ,应在 (答题纸上的 )相应的空格内 ,图表中……填上正确答案。B部分的问题所得分数各题不同 ,取决于这一问题的复杂性。A部分准确回答每一试题并在答题纸上用×标出 ,应这样标记 :“×”。只有在答卷上的答案才有效 !细胞生物学A1　在哪些过程中有微管存在 ?纤毛和鞭毛博动时染色单体的运动渗透调节活细胞细胞器的移动A. + + + -B. + - - -C. + + - +D. - - + -E. - + + +　　 A2…     

Dynorphin-(1–13) induces spontaneous feeding in rats

Dynorphin-(1–13), a recently isolated opioid peptide stimulates food ingestion in rats after intracerebroventricular administration at doses of 1 and 10 μg. The latency until food ingestion is 22.4 ± 1.9 min. The ability of dynorphin-(1–13) to initiate food ingestion is antagonized by the opiate antagonist, naloxone. The food ingestion is accompanied by excessive grooming behavior.     

迷失的世界(13)

正[前情回顾]众人被困在关押艾莎和索飞的地牢中,依靠鼠人大牙挖的地道才重获自由。之前化装成艾莎的兔人不知所踪,被毁坏的院子也恢复如初。米鲁和伽马意识到大事不妙,火速赶往校长办公室。     

Solution conformations of the pituitary opioid peptide dynorphin-(1–13)

Circular dichroism spectra have been measured for dynorphin-(1–13) in water and in solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and L-α-lysophosphatidylcholine (palmitoyl). Spectra in water have the features expected for a peptide containing little, if any, order. Small changes are brought about by L-α-lysophosphatidylcholine (palmitoyl), but the resulting spectrum retains the characteristics expected for a random coil. In contrast, sodium dodecyl sulfate produces significant changes which are those expected for induction of α helical content. Quantitative analysis of the circular dichroism spectra suggests the conformation changes from about 5% helix in water to 17% helix in sodium dodecyl sulfate. These results from experiment are in excellent agreement with those obtained from our formulation of the configuration partition function. This formulation predicts a change in helical content from 1% to 19%. The ordering influence is felt most strongly by those residues immediately following the enkephalin sequence.     

BHK_(21)C_(13)细胞的悬浮培养

本文报告BHK_(21)C_(13)细胞的悬浮培养研究。细胞经30天悬浮培养适应后能稳定生长。适应后细胞在所试的199和HL各半量、HTYs、HTYsh和HTYfs培基中都能连续稳定悬浮培养生长。适应后,细胞大小无明显变化;单层培养时生长速度加快;细胞染色体数目发生变化,文內对此作了讨论。     

问题解答(1)

问:绿色植物在有阳光时行光合作用吸二氧化碳放出氧气,在晚上没阳光时只有呼吸作用吸氧气放二氧化碳,为什么总说早晨到树林中散步空气好呢? 答:因为空气流动得很厉害,所以在一般树林中白天夜晚O_2及CO_2含量的改变是极小的.说早晨空气好,并不是植物起了什么作用,而是因为夜间人们的活动停止了,车马不在路上奔驰了,工厂的烟囱不冒烟了.加上树林中的湿度较大,尘土都降落在地上,空气就更为清洁了.我们夜间睡在屋中,屋中温度较高,不好气味的有机物(器物中发出或人呼出)空气中也很多,所以一到树林中,凉爽而清洁的空气,眼界的开朗就使我们心神为之一振.(吴相钰、董愚得答)     

酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸5′-端GpGpGpCpGPUpGpUp~(m~1)GpGpCpGpU十三核苷十二磷酸片段(1～13)的合成

本文介绍用T_4 RNA连接酶酶促合成方法合成酵母丙氨酸转移核糖核酸5′端十三核苷十二磷酸片段(1～13)GpGpGpCpGpUpGpUp~(m~1)GpGpCpGpU的工作。我们将这一片段分为二段来合成,先合成5′-端6Nt和3′-端7Nt(A合成路线)或5′端7Nt和3′-端6Nt(B合成路线),再将它们连接起来。并对由于片段含鸟便嘌呤核苷酸较多而在合成和分离上出现的一些特性进行了探讨。     

Structure and stability of neutral polyoxometalate cages: (Mo2O6) m (m=1–13)

The structure and stability of neutral polyoxometalate cages (Mo2O6)m (m=1-13) have been computed systematically. These neutral cages can be viewed topologically as polyhedra containing triangles (f3) and squares (f4). The relative stability of these polyhedra is associated with the location and separation of the f3. The initial stable isomers were preselected by the number of shared triangle edges (N33), and the predicted stability was validated further at the GGA-PW91/DND level of density function theory with the fine quality of mesh size. For large clusters, the square neighbor signature (P4444), which is similar to the hexagon neighbor rule for fullerene, becomes more applicable. The calculated disproportionation energies indicate that Mo6O18 (O(h), Lindqvist), Mo12O36 (O(h), alpha Keggin), Mo18O54 (D(3h), Wells-Dawson) and Mo24O72 (O(h)) cages have enhanced stability. [structure in text]. Mo6O18 (O(h)), Mo12O36 (O(h)), Mo18O54 (D(3h)) and Mo(24)O72 (O(h)) are the most stable neutral polyoxometalate cages on the basis of the structural and energetic criteria. They can therefore be considered as the inorganic fullerenes.     

DFT study of (17)O, (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts in two forms of native cellulose, I(α) and I(β)

This computational study is intended to shed light on the crystalline and molecular structure, together with the hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) differences between two forms of native cellulose. DFT calculations were carried out to characterize the ¹⁷O, ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) parameters in cellulose I_α and I_β with the B3LYP functional employing the 6–311++G7 and 6–31+G1 basis sets. Geometry optimization revealed that the average HB length is shortened by 0.01–0.08 Å when the chains are aligned, whereas the average bond angle increases by about 4–8° exhibiting the enhancement of HB strength. For the isolated cellotetramer chains, the isotropic ¹⁷O–H chemical shifts were plotted as a function of HB length. Our results indicated that as the HB length in cellotetramer I_α increases, the ¹⁷O–H chemical shift isotropy increases, but this parameter changes in the opposite direction for the other structure. Moreover, B3LYP/6–311++G7 calculations reveal that there is an acceptable correlation between the calculated ¹³C chemical shifts of the two structures and their experimental values.     

A polymorphism of the rat T-cell receptor β-chain variable gene 13 (BV13S1) correlates with the frequency of BV13S1-positive CD4 cells

Three rat BV13S1 alleles (T-cell receptor β-chain variable gene 13) were characterized by new BV13S1-allele specific monoclonal antibodies (18B1 and 17D5) and sequence analysis of expressed and genomic BV13S1. Two alleles were functional and designated BV13S1A1 present in strains LEW, BUF, PVG, and BV13S1A2 present in BN and WF. Their products differed by six amino acids, two of them in complementarity-determing region (CDR)1 and one in CDR2. A third nonfunctional allele, BV13S1A3P, was found in strains F344 and DA. Apart from a single nucleotide insertion, it was identical to BV13S1A2. All 12 rat strains tested showed association of TCRBC1 with BV8S2/4 alleles but not with the BV13S1 alleles, which may reflect a different gene order of the rat BV compared to mouse. BV13S1A1-encoded T-cell receptors (TCRs) which bind both monoclonal antibody (mAb) 18B1 and mAb 17D5 are over-represented in the CD4 lymphocyte subset. BV13S1A2-encoded TCRs which are stained by mAb 18B1 but not by mAb 17D5 show a slight CD8-biased expression. Preferential usage of BV13S1A1-positive TCRs by CD4 but not by CD8 cells in (LEW×WF)F1 hybrids and cosegregation of BV13SA1 and increased frequency of BV13S1 TCR-positive CD4 cells in a (LEW×BN)×BN backcross suggest structural differences of the two allelic products as the reason for their contrasting CD4/CD8 subset bias. Received: 6 October 1999 / Revised: 25 November 1999