The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF114 and TAB1 degradation are required for maternal‐to‐zygotic transition

The functional role of the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway during maternal‐to‐zygotic transition (MZT) remains to be elucidated. Here we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Rnf114, is highly expressed in mouse oocytes and that knockdown of Rnf114 inhibits development beyond the two‐cell stage. To study the underlying mechanism, we identify its candidate substrates using a 9,000‐protein microarray and validate them using an in vitro ubiquitination system. We show that five substrates could be degraded by RNF114‐mediated ubiquitination, including TAB1. Furthermore, the degradation of TAB1 in mouse early embryos is required for MZT, most likely because it activates the NF‐κB pathway. Taken together, our study uncovers that RNF114‐mediated ubiquitination and degradation of TAB1 activate the NF‐κB pathway during MZT, and thus directly link maternal clearance to early embryo development.     

早期胚胎发育合子基因组激活调控

动物早期胚胎发育始于分化成熟的雌雄配子经受精后重编程为全能性合子。在胚胎发育的初期,合子基因组的转录水平处于静默状态,母源物质调控占据主导地位。随着胚胎发育的进行,母源物质会经历分阶段的降解,合子基因组开始逐渐激活转录,标志着早期胚胎发育从母源性调控向合子基因组调控的转变,也称为母源-合子转换（maternal-zygotic transition,MZT）。其中一个关键的转折性事件就是合子基因组激活（zygotic genome activation,ZGA）,ZGA的正确发生对于早期胚胎发育和细胞命运决定至关重要。然而,目前对于ZGA的调控因子和具体的分子机制仍知之甚少。研究表明,ZGA在不同物种中存在较大差异,可能受到DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA、染色质重塑以及ZGA相关因子等多种调控因素的影响。本文探讨了上述几种调控因素影响合子基因组激活的研究进展,对进一步研究早期胚胎ZGA的相关机制具有借鉴意义。     

母型-合子型过渡的研究进展

母型-合子型过渡,是许多动物胚胎发育的一个重要时期。在这一时期,大批合子型基因开始转录,胚胎发育由母型因子调控转为合子型基因调控,细胞周期逐步加长,细胞分裂不再同步。这些变化对于保证早期胚胎顺利过渡到后期发育阶段至关重要。目前母型-合子型过渡的分子机制还不是很清楚,但研究表明,启动母型-合子型过渡的因素主要集中在以下几个方面,如核质比、周期蛋白和周期蛋白依赖性激酶、DNA复制/损伤检测点、DNA结构的改变以及母型因子的降解和一些合子型基因的转录等。现主要对母型-合子型过渡的特征以及启动母型-合子型过渡的机制作一简要综述。