中西医结合治疗胆汁返流性胃炎的观察

目的：探讨中西医结合在胆汁反流性胃炎治疗中的应用及疗效。方法：将64例胆汁反流性胃炎患者随机平均分为对照组和观察组,对照组采用多潘立酮和铝碳酸镁进行治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用中药大柴胡汤,疗程为6周。观察治疗后患者主要症状改善情况和胃镜下表现情况,并行疗效比较。结果：观察组患者上腹痛、恶心、胃内胆汁、胃黏膜充血、胃黏膜糜烂等症状的改善率高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组治愈14例、显效9例、有效6例、无效3例,疗效优于对照组,差异有显著性（Z=2．864,P〈0．01）。结论：中西医结合是治疗胆汁反流性胃炎的有效治疗方案,建议临床推广应用。     

桔梗皂苷对慢性支气管炎小鼠肺细胞中的IL-1β和TNF-α表达的影响

探讨炎性细胞因子在慢性支气管炎小鼠肺细胞中的表达及桔梗皂苷(kikyosaponin,KS)治疗慢性支气管炎的作用机制。将50只健康小鼠分成正常对照组、模型组和桔梗皂苷低、中、高剂量组,除正常对照组外,其余四组动物均采用烟熏加浓氨水吸入法建立慢性支气管炎模型,然后分别用药物进行治疗。实验结束后,取各组小鼠肺组织进行石蜡制片,HE染色光镜观察支气管和肺组织病理形态的变化;免疫组化分析肺细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。Western blot检测肺组织中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达。免疫组化检测显示,与正常对照组相比,模型组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达非常显著。在连续用药30天后,与模型组相比,各治疗组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。蛋白印迹术检测显示,模型组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达水平明显增加,与正常对照组比较,差异十分显著(P<0.01)。而连续用药30天后,各治疗组小鼠肺组织细胞中IL-1β和TNF-α的表达量明显下降,且呈较好的量效关系。结果表明,桔梗皂苷对慢性支气管炎小鼠肺组织中炎性细胞因子IL-1β和TNF-α的表达有明显的抑制作用。推测其作用机制可能是通过抑制肺组织中炎性细胞因子和自由基的生成而达到抗炎、止咳平喘作用的。     

姜黄素对视网膜缺血再灌注损伤大鼠IL-17、IL-23、IL-1β、TNF-α及NF-κB表达的影响

目的:研究不同剂量姜黄素对视网膜缺血再灌注损伤(RIRI)大鼠白细胞介素-17(IL-17)、白细胞介素-23(IL-23)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法:选取60只健康的SPF级雄性SD大鼠,将大鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、模型组(M组)、姜黄素低剂量组(LC组)和姜黄素高剂量组(HC组),均为15只。M组、LC组和HC组大鼠的右眼均利用前房灌注法制备成RIRI模型,NC组进行正常喂养。模型制备前30 min和造模成功后每日定时给LC组和HC组腹腔分别注射30 mg/kg和120 mg/kg的姜黄素进行干预,NC组和M组则在同一时间腹腔注射适量的生理盐水。建模72h后显微镜下观察四组大鼠视网膜的组织形态,采用酶联免疫吸附法检测四组大鼠视网膜组织中IL-17、IL-23、IL-1β和TNF-α的水平,利用免疫组化法分析四组大鼠视网膜组织中NF-κB的表达情况。结果:NC组大鼠视网膜组织形态正常,M组、LC组和HC组大鼠视网膜组织形态均呈现出不同程度的病理性损伤,损伤程度排序为HC组LC组M组。M组IL-17、IL-23、IL-1β和TNF-α水平均高于HC组、LC组和NC组,LC组IL-17、IL-23、IL-1β和TNF-α水平均高于HC组和NC组,而HC组高于NC组(P0.05)。M组NF-κB表达的OD值高于HC组、LC组和NC组,LC组NF-κB表达的OD值高于HC组和NC组,而HC组高于NC组(P0.05)。结论:RIRI与炎症反应的增强及NF-κB的激活有关,姜黄素可有效降低RIRI的炎性因子水平,抑制NF-κB的激活,从而减轻RIRI的病理损伤和保护视网膜,且其保护作用在一定范围内与姜黄素的剂量呈正相关。     

黄芪桂枝五物汤对AA大鼠血清IL-1β、TNF-α的影响

目的:探讨佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α含量的变化和黄芪桂枝五物汤对其变化的影响,以求阐明该黄芪桂枝五物汤治疗类风湿性关节炎的作用机制。方法:选用健康SPF级SD雌性大鼠60只随机分为六组:空白对照组,模型组,甲氨喋呤(MTX)组,黄芪桂枝五物汤高剂量组,黄芪桂枝五物汤中剂量组和黄芪桂枝五物汤低剂量组。大鼠先进行一周的适应性饲养后用完全弗氏佐剂诱导制作大鼠佐剂性关节炎模型,并用黄芪桂枝五物汤进行干预。采用放射免疫法测定大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α的含量。结果:与空白时照组相比,模型组大鼠血清中细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α的水平明显升高(P<0.01);与模型组相比,经黄芪桂枝五物汤高、中剂量组、MTX组治疗干预后,大鼠血清中IL-1β、TNF-α的水平明显下降,且呈现一定的量效关系。结论:黄芪桂枝五物汤有抑制佐剂性关节炎大鼠血清中细胞因子IL-1β、TNF-α升高的作用。     

白头翁汤对炎症性肠病中促炎细胞因子表达的影响

目的：探讨白头翁汤治疗炎症性肠病的分子机制。方法：40只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为5组（n=8）：正常对照组、模型组、模型＋阳性药物对照组（美沙拉嗪）、模型＋白头翁中、高剂量治疗组。阳性对照组、中药治疗组分别灌胃给药。疗程结束后取大鼠结肠组织提取RNA,利用realtimePCR的方法检测白介素-1β（IL-1β）、白介素-6（IL-6）YL肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）在各组中的表达变化。结果：相对于模型组,阳性药物及白头翁汤治疗组尤其是高剂量组可有效抑制IL-1β、IL-6及TNF-α的表达。结论：白头翁汤可通过抑制促炎因子的表达从而发挥了在炎症性肠病中的治疗作用。     

PGE2对肝病大鼠创伤弧菌攻击后血清TNF-α、IL-10水平的影响及其肾组织的保护作用

目的探讨前列腺素E2（prostaglandin E2,PGE2）免疫干预对肝病大鼠创伤弧菌（Vibrio vulnifcus,Vv）攻击后TNF-α、IL-10的影响以及与肾组织超微结构改变的相关性。方法正常大鼠9只和肝病大鼠36只,分别为正常大鼠Vv攻击组、肝病大鼠Vv攻击组、肝病Vv攻击后氧氟沙星药物治疗组、肝病Vv攻击PGE2氧氟沙星联合保护组和肝病大鼠NS组（每组n=9）。ELISA法测定血清TNF-α和IL-10含量。取各组大鼠肾标本电镜下观察超微结构病理改变。结果肝病大鼠较正常大鼠Vv攻击后IL-10低而TNF-α高（P〈0.05）;PGE2免疫干预组肾组织超微结构明显改善。结论PGE2免疫干预能上调肝病大鼠血清IL-10,抑制TNF-α的分泌,对肝病大鼠Vv攻击后肾组织具有免疫保护作用。     

加味参苓白术散对COPD大鼠血清IL-8和TNF-α的影响

目的:观察加味参苓白术散对COPD肺脾气虚证大鼠血清IL-8和TNF-α的影响。方法:将大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组及加味参苓白术散低、中、高剂量组。除空白组外,其余四组采用气管滴注脂多糖加烟熏28天的方法复制COPD模型,大黄水煎液灌胃8天的方法复制肺脾气虚证的模型,药物干预组给予加味参苓白术散治疗。HE染色观察肺组织病理情况,酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清中IL-8、TNF-α的表达情况。结果:药物干预组大鼠炎性细胞浸润以及肺大泡融合等症状相较于模型组明显缓解,血清IL-8、TNF-α的表达降低。结论:加味参苓白术散能够改善COPD肺脾气虚证大鼠肺组织病理损伤,降低血清炎症因子IL-8、TNF-α的表达,改善炎症。     

肠内营养联合益生菌对直肠恶性肿瘤术后大鼠肠粘膜屏障及血清炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：研究肠内营养（enteral nutrition, EN）联合益生菌对直肠恶性肿瘤术后大鼠肠粘膜屏障及血清炎症因子的影响。方法：选取32只SPF级雄性SD大鼠,随机分对照组、模型组、EN组和EC组,每组8只。模型组、EN组和EC组建立直肠恶性肿瘤术后模型,EN组灌胃给予肠内营养混悬液,EC组灌胃肠内营养混悬液加益生菌颗粒,对照组和模型组灌胃同体积的生理盐水,四组大鼠均连续灌胃7 d。观察各组大鼠小肠超微结构;检测occludin蛋白、D-乳糖及炎症因子的表达水平。结果：模型组大鼠小肠上皮细胞紧密连接和绒毛结构遭破坏,EN组和EC组与模型组相比有明显改善。与对照组相比,模型组大鼠occludin蛋白和抑炎因子IL-10的表达水平均较低,D-乳糖、血清白介素1β（interleukin-1β, IL-1β）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α）的表达水平较高（P＜0.05）;与模型组相比,EN组和EC组的occludin蛋白和IL-10的表达水平较高,D-乳糖、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达水平较低（P＜0.05）;与EN组相比,EC组occludin蛋白和IL-10的表达水平较高,D-乳糖、IL-1β和TNF-α的表达水平较低（P＜0.05）。结论：肠内营养联合益生菌可有效改善直肠恶性肿瘤术后大鼠的肠道屏障功能,提高occludin蛋白的表达,降低D-乳糖的表达,降低促炎因子IL-1β和TNF-α的表达同时升高抑炎因子IL-10的表达。     

少腹逐瘀汤直肠给药治疗盆腔炎性疾病的效果及机制研究

目的:研究少腹逐瘀汤直肠给药治疗盆腔炎性疾病的临床作用效果和作用机制。方法:选取SPF级雌性SD大鼠95只,体重220-240 g,按照随机数字表的顺序随机分为正常组(15)和干预组(80),模型组动物建立盆腔炎性疾病大鼠模型,并于造模成功后,再随机分为8组,分别为模型组、康妇消炎栓组、少腹逐瘀汤高剂量组(临床2倍用药量)、少腹逐瘀汤中剂量组(临床等效用药量)、少腹逐瘀汤低剂量组(临床1/2倍用药量),高、中、低剂量少腹逐瘀汤治疗联合p38MAPK激动组,每组10只。所有动物均于造模8天后进行干预,其中正常组和模型组动物给予相应剂量的蒸馏水进行灌肠,每天1次,共21天。并于第22天杀鼠取材,用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测TNF-α、IL-1β等细胞因子的蛋白水平,western blot检测磷酸化的P38MAPK表达。结果:模型组大鼠子宫组织与盆腔及其它组织均有粘连现象,光镜下可见大量的淋巴细胞及浆细胞出现浸润现象,增生情况可见于子宫内膜上皮;正常组大鼠子宫形态正常,无病理性改变现象,高剂量给药组及康妇消炎栓组大鼠子宫形态与正常鼠相似;中剂量少腹逐瘀汤组大鼠子宫组织与盆腔组织有少量黏连,但宫腔已无增厚、积液、弹性差等现象;低剂量组大鼠子宫形态相较于模型组有所恢复,但效果并不明显,高剂量联合P79350大鼠子宫形态较高剂量组大鼠恢复状态稍差,而中、低剂量联合P79350组大鼠子宫形态则较单纯中、低剂量组大鼠状态恢复稍差。正常组、高剂量组、高剂量联合P79350大鼠血清中的TNF-α、IL-1β及子宫和输卵管中p P38MAPK的表达均低于模型组大鼠,差异具有统计学意义,P0.01.低剂量联合P79350组、中剂量联合P79350组较低剂量给药组和中剂量给药组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β,子宫和输卵管中pP38MAPK、pERK的表达显著升高,而中低剂量给药组大鼠血清中TNF-α、IL-1β,子宫和输卵管中pP38MAPK、p ERK则较模型组大鼠降低,但尚未达到统计学意义。结论:少腹逐瘀汤直肠给药可以有效改善盆腔炎性疾病,可能通过抑制P38MAPK通路,进而减轻炎症反应。     

TLR4mAb对急性溃疡性结肠炎模型大鼠TLR4、TNF-α、IL-1β表达的影响

目的:探讨Toll样受体4单克隆抗体(TLR4m A)对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)模型大鼠肠TLR4、TNF-α、IL-1β表达的影响及其对UC的可能作用机制。方法:30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、TLR4m Ab干预组。模型组及TLR4m Ab干预组采用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBs)法造模,TLR4m Ab干预组给予TLR4m Ab10μg腹腔注射,正常对照组及模型组以生理盐水代替TLR4m Ab腹腔注射,剂量及频次相同,第8天处死全部大鼠。分别进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分及组织病理学(HPS)评分,采用免疫组化法检测结肠组织TLR4的原位表达,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)的浓度。结果:模型组DAI及HPS评分均明显高于正常对照组(P0.05),TLR4m Ab干预组较模型组有所缓解(P0.05)。TLR4、TNF-α、IL-1β在模型组表达均明显高于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),在TLR4m Ab干预组的表达均明显低于模型组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:急性溃疡性结肠炎的发病与异常免疫反应有关。TLR4m Ab可影响肠黏膜TLR4及下游炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β的表达,减轻急性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的肠道炎症反应。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.