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1.
李强  吴晓青  张新建 《微生物学报》2023,63(11):4118-4132
我国秸秆资源丰富,每年产生逾8亿t作物秸秆。通过秸秆直接还田或肥料化还田不仅可以减少化肥的施用量,缓解农业污染压力,还能实现农作物秸秆的循环利用。木质素结构复杂,且与纤维素和半纤维素相互缠绕,因此秸秆的自然腐解过程中,木质素是主要的限速因子,为了提高降解效率,木质素降解菌的发掘和降解机制也逐渐成为研究热点。本文综述了降解木质素的真菌和细菌的研究现状,对比其真菌和细菌降解特性的优缺点并分析复合降解菌群的优势。随后对木质素降解酶系的酶学性质、在不同微生物中的表达特性进行总结,对木质素降解机制及衍生芳烃代谢路径的研究进展进行综述。最后整理木质素降解微生物在秸秆肥料化技术中的应用进展,并探讨了微生物降解秸秆木质素的应用前景和未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

2.
刘瑞  张丽  孙鹏  徐刚  曹颖  胡尚连  赵博 《微生物学通报》2023,50(7):3232-3244
生物质是代替石化资源生产能源和化学品的关键资源,木质素作为植物细胞壁的主要成分已经在很多行业中得到了广泛的应用。然而,由于木质素结构复杂且难以降解,成为生物质资源利用的最大障碍,因此,去除或者降解木质素是利用细胞壁中其他成分的关键步骤。许多行业使用有害化学物质降解木质素,严重危害了生态环境,自然界中木质素经常被包括真菌和细菌在内的微生物降解,因此,研究微生物降解木质素的机制为解决这一问题提供了可能性。本文讨论了木质素的化学组成成分,重点讨论了自然界降解木质素的微生物种类及其降解机制,包括各种真菌和细菌的木质素降解活性,描述了由各种微生物特别是白腐真菌、褐腐真菌和细菌产生的木质素降解酶,并展望了今后木质素生物降解的研究和应用的可能方向。  相似文献   

3.
细菌降解木质素的研究进展   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
木质素是自然界最丰富的芳香化合物,其分解与陆地上碳循环密切相关。提取木质纤维素中的葡萄糖使其转化成乙醇,是生产第二代生物能源的关键步骤。但是由于木质素是一种非常稳定的化合物,难以降解是实现生物乙醇转化的主要屏障,因此关于木质素的生物降解研究具有非常重要的意义。真菌降解木质素的研究已经深入的进行了多年,并取得丰富的成果,但是关于细菌降解木质素的研究还处在初级阶段。由于广泛的生长条件和良好的环境适应能力,细菌在木质素降解方面深受研究人员的关注。本文通过总结前人的研究成果,讨论了木质素的降解机制、代谢途径及细菌降解木质素的工业应用前景,同时还展望了分子生物学及生物信息学在木质素降解方面的应用前景。  相似文献   

4.
微生物硒代谢机制研究进展   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
硒(Se)是人与动物生命必需的微量元素,在医学保健和工业制造方面有着广泛的应用。硒在环境中有四种价态,包括硒酸盐Se O42-(+6)、亚硒酸盐Se O32-(+4)、单质硒Se0(0)和硒化物Se2-(-2)。微生物在硒的形态转化中扮演了重要的角色,影响着环境中硒的生物地球化学循环。本文主要从自然界中硒的循环以及微生物与硒代谢机制两个方面阐述微生物对硒的生物地球化学循环的重要性。  相似文献   

5.
聚羟基脂肪酸脂(PHAs)作为一种具高生物降解性和易加工性的细胞内储能物质,有希望代替石油基塑料,在全球生物塑料市场受到越来越多的关注。木质素作为地球上最为丰富的天然可再生芳香聚合物,可作为底物通过微生物降解转化为苯酚等单环芳香化合物,然后芳香化合物进一步转化,最终合成PHAs。综述了木质素降解转化合成PHAs的微生物及其相关途径,阐述了目前存在的问题和困难。深入探讨了提高木质素降解转化合成PHAs的生产效率及产物性能的研究进展。同时提出了木质素转化合成PHAs面临的挑战以及对未来发展的展望。  相似文献   

6.
特殊生境微生物及其活性代谢产物研究进展   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
微生物是一种重要的生物资源,特别是近来年,从特殊生境微生物中寻找具有重要生物活性代谢产物成为一个热点研究领域。主要就特殊生境微生物代谢产物的特殊性、特殊生境适应机制及其活性代谢产物等方面的研究进展和前景进行了简要的阐述,为特殊生境微生物的研究与开发提供参考。  相似文献   

7.
赵一全  张慧  张晓昱  谢尚县 《微生物学报》2020,60(12):2717-2733
木质纤维素是地球上最丰富的可再生资源.我国每年产生约9亿吨农业秸秆,因得不到有效利用,不仅造成资源浪费,也产生了诸多严峻的环境问题.缺少木质素的高效降解和资源化利用技术是限制木质纤维素产业化的主要瓶颈之一.虽然木质素的降解与转化多年来一直都受到关注,但是由于木质素结构的复杂性及异质性,使其高效利用受限.近年来,微生物具...  相似文献   

8.
木质素代谢的生理意义及其遗传控制研究进展   总被引:26,自引:1,他引:26       下载免费PDF全文
木质素含量及其相关酶系活性与植物的生长发育、抗病性、抗逆性密切相关.在造纸工业中,木质素处理是造成环境污染的重要来源。本文对木质素代谢在植物生长发育过程中的生理意义及近年来通过控制PAL、4CL、CAD、POD等酶的活性调节木质素含量或改变其组分方面的研究进展进行了综合评述,并对今后的林木育种工作进行了展望。  相似文献   

9.
新烟碱类化合物基于烟碱结构改造修饰制备,相较菊酯、含磷类等杀虫剂,因其选择性毒力被认为是一类对人类和生态无害的农药。然而,近年来由于新烟碱类杀虫剂(neonicotinoid insecticides)过度施用,其残余或转化的物质通过在土壤与水体中累积,影响昆虫甚至哺乳动物及其生理与行为,导致了一系列生态环境问题和继发危害。本文聚焦新烟碱类杀虫剂的产业现状,面向生物降解新烟碱类杀虫剂这一迫切需求,围绕新烟碱类杀虫剂的微生物菌株资源,重点阐述微生物降解新烟碱类杀虫剂的代谢机制及其多样性。通过梳理新烟碱类杀虫剂生物降解及其应用转化的关键问题和前沿进展,旨在为借助合成生物学和宏基因组学手段建立或筛选安全可控的新烟碱类杀虫剂的高效转化体系提供参考。  相似文献   

10.
孙梦瑶  常潇  康志超  于洪文 《微生物学报》2024,64(11):4036-4053
木质素是自然界最丰富的芳香族生物聚合物资源,由于其复杂性和高度聚合的芳香族结构,木质素很难被普通微生物降解。来自极端环境的木质素降解微生物被认为是木质素生物加工的合适候选者。本文对几类能够降解木质素的极端微生物及其产生的极端酶进行了归纳总结,并阐明了极端酶的性质、催化机制及其代谢途径。讨论了通过多组学方法鉴定新型极端微生物和极端酶的前景,并对极端微生物的开发和利用方法进行了展望,以期为后续筛选和开发更加高效的木质素降解菌株提供参考。  相似文献   

11.
    
Lignin depolymerization generates a mixture of numerous compounds that are difficult to separate cost-effectively. To address this heterogeneity issue, microbes have been employed to ‘biologically funnel’ a broad range of compounds present in depolymerized lignin into common central metabolites that can be converted into a single desirable product. Because the composition of depolymerized lignin varies significantly with the type of biomass and the depolymerization method, microbes should be selected and engineered by considering this compositional variation. An ideal microbe must efficiently metabolize all relevant lignin-derived compounds regardless of the compositional variation of feedstocks, but discovering or developing such a perfect microbe is very challenging. Instead, developing multiple tailored microbes to tolerate a given mixture of lignin-derived compounds and to convert most of these into a target product is more practical. This review summarizes recent progress toward the development of such microbes for lignin valorization and offers future directions.  相似文献   

12.
The white-rot fungus Pleurotus eryngii F032 showed the capability to degrade a three fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbons fluorene. The elimination of fluorene through sorption was also investigated. Enzyme production is accompanied by an increase in biomass of P. eryngii F032 during degradation process. The fungus totally degraded fluorine within 23 d at 10-mg l−1 solution. Fluorene degradation was affected with initial fluorene concentrations. The highest enzyme activity was shown by laccase in the 10-mg l−1 culture after 30 d of incubation (1620 U l−1). Few activities of enzymes were observed in the fungal cell at the varying concentration of fluorene. Three metabolic were detected and separated in ethylacetate extract, after isolated by column chromatography. The metabolites, 9-fluorenone, phthalic acid, and benzoic acid were identified using UV–vis spectrophotometer and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The results show the presence of a complex mechanism for the regulation of fluorene-degrading enzymes.  相似文献   

13.
【目的】探讨菌株Comamonas serinivorans C35降解木质素的能力。【方法】测定Comamonas serinivorans C35在木质素培养基中的生长趋势、化学需氧量的去除、木质素降解率、脱色率和相关酶的分泌。分别采用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析仪检测木质素降解前后的外观结构和化学键的变化。【结果】Comamonas serinivorans C35能够在木质素培养基上生长,在培养7 d后,化学需氧量去除率为44.4%,木质素降解率和脱色率分别为43.57%和42.26%。Comamonas serinivorans C35能够分泌木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶和漆酶,粗酶液酶活分别能达到648.4、177.8和70.1 U/L。Comamonas serinivorans C35可以使木质素解聚且对其苯环结构、醚键以及C=O键等具有明显的破坏作用。【结论】Comamonas serinivorans C35可以降解木质素,在木质素的生物转化中具有潜在的应用价值。  相似文献   

14.
生物转化-从全细胞催化到代谢工程   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
与传统的化学合成方法相比,利用生物的手段转化生产活性化合物及其衍生物无疑具有更大的吸引力。随着用于生物转化微生物种类的增多,生物转化的应用领域不断得到扩大。生物转化的发展经历了野生型全细胞催化,基因工程微生物全细胞反应,以及利用系统分析和代谢工程进行全局性调控等几个阶段。以下对这一发展趋势及相关研究的最新进展作一简要综述。  相似文献   

15.
Initially sixteen fungi were screened for potential ligninolytic activity using decolourisation of a polymeric dye Poly R-478. From this, four fungi were selected, Trametes versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, Collybia sp., and an isolate (identified as Rhizoctonia solani) isolated from a grassland soil. Differences in the ligninolytic enzyme profiles of each of the fungi were observed. All of the four fungi tested produced MnP and laccase while the Collybia sp. and R. solani produced LiP in addition. Enzyme activity levels also varied greatly over the 21 days of testing with T. versicolor producing levels of MnP and laccase three to four times greater than the other fungi. The four fungi were then tested for their ability to colonise sand, peat (forest) and basalt and marl mixed till (field) soils through visual measurement and biomass detection in soil microcosms. Trametes versicolor and the Collybia sp. failed to grow in any of the non-sterilised soils whereas the R. solani and P. ostreatus isolates grew satisfactorily. Primers were␣designed to detect MnP and laccase genes in P.␣ostreatus and RTPCR was used to detect that these genes are expressed in forest and field soils.  相似文献   

16.
17.
    
We demonstrated that the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose after microwave pretreatment of lignocellulosic material in ionic liquids (ILs) is drastically enhanced compared with that after conventional thermal pretreatment in ILs. Three types of cholinium ILs, choline formate (ChFor), choline acetate (ChOAc), and choline propionate (ChPro), were examined. The cellulose saccharification percentage was approximately 20% for kenaf powders pretreated in ChFor, ChOAc, and ChPro by conventional heating at 110 °C for 20 min. In contrast, approximately 60–90% of cellulose was hydrolyzed to glucose after microwave pretreatment in the same ILs at 110 °C for 20 min.  相似文献   

18.
  总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20  
Increasing interest in the exploitation of plant biomass as a renewable resource has provided an impetus for research on microbial degradation of lignocellulose. This has traditionally been concentrated on the fungi, but lignocellulose-degrading prokaryotes are beginning to receive more attention. Strain improvement by genetic manipulation, and large-scale cultivation are more easily achieved in prokaryotes, and the actinomycetes are no exception. In addition, their growth as branching hyphae is well adapted to the penetration and degradation of insoluble substrates such as lignocellulose.Actinomycetes form an important part of the microbial community responsible for nutrient recycling in natural substrates. Their specific contribution to lignocellulose degradation in the environment has received only limited attention but their importance can be inferred from the ubiquity and diversity of species in which activity against lignocellulose has been demonstrated. Characterisation of the cellulolytic activity of actinomycetes has understandably received most attention, since cellulose is the major component of plant biomass and a potentially utilisable source of glucose. Actinomycete cellulases are inducible extracellular enzymes which appear to attack cellulose in much the same way as fungal hydrolytic cellulases. Actinomycete xylanases similarly conform to the basic patterns of production and activity established in other bacteria and fungi, but they have been relatively little-studied. Evidence for activity against lignin has only recently been obtained for actinomycetes, with the development of sensitive radiometric assays which permit detection of limited ligninolytic activity. There is little doubt that actinomycetes compare poorly with the whiterot fungi in relation to the extent of delignification achieved, particularly with wood lignocelluloses. Nevertheless, their ability to solubilise grass lignins may have a role in humification and biotechnological applications of lignocellulose conversion.The biochemistry of lignin degradation by actinomycetes remains poorly understood and the enzymes involved have yet to be identified. There is more information on the enzymology of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation, but how these different groups of enzymes and their component proteins interact to solubilise lignocellulose is largely unknown. Elucidation of the biochemistry of lignocellulose degradation and development of actinomycete-based systems for lignocellulose conversion should be greatly assisted by the application of the recombinant DNA techniques recently developed for this group of organisms.  相似文献   

19.
Arun A  Eyini M 《Bioresource technology》2011,102(17):8063-8070
A total of 130 wild basidiomycetes fungi were collected and identified. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation by the potential Phellinus sp., Polyporus sulphureus (in liquid state fermentation (LSF), solid state fermentation (SSF), in soil) and lignin biodegradation were compared with those of a bacterial isolate and their corresponding cocultures. The PAHs degradation was higher in LSF and the efficiency of the organisms declined in SSF and in soil treatment. Phellinus sp. showed better degradation in SSF and in soil. Bacillus pumilus showed higher degradation in LSF. B. pumilus was seen to have lower lignin degradation than the fungal cultures and the cocultures could not enhance the degradation. Phellinus sp. which had higher PAHs and lignin degradation showed higher biosurfactant production than other organism. Manganese peroxidase (MnP) was the predominant enzyme in Phellinus sp. while lignin peroxidase (Lip) was predominant in P. sulphureus.  相似文献   

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