Transcriptional activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α by HDAC4 and HDAC5 involves differential recruitment of p300 and FIH-1

The interplay between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and histone deacetylase (HDACs) have been well studied; however, the mechanism of cross-talk is unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of HDAC4 and HDAC5 in the regulation of HIF-1α function and its associated mechanisms. HDAC4 and HDAC5 enhanced transactivation by HIF-1α without stabilizing HIF-1α. HDAC4 and HDAC5 physically associated with HIF-1α through the inhibitory domain (ID) that is the binding site for factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1). In the presence of these HDACs, binding of HIF-1α to FIH-1 decreased, whereas binding to p300 increased. These results indicate that HDAC4 and HDAC5 increase the transactivation function of HIF-1α by promoting dissociation of HIF-1α from FIH-1 and association with p300.

Structured summary:

MINT-6802187:HIF1 alpha (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with FIH1 (uniprotkb:Q9NWT6) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)MINT-6802058:HIF1 alpha (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with HDAC4 (uniprotkb:P56524) by pull down (MI:0096)MINT-6802021:HIF1 alpha (uniprotkb:Q61221) physically interacts (MI:0218) with HDAC4 (uniprotkb:P56524) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)MINT-6802036:HIF1 alpha (uniprotkb:Q61221) physically interacts (MI:0218) with HDAC5 (uniprotkb:Q9UQL6) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)MINT-6802102:HIF1 alpha (uniprotkb:Q16665) physically interacts (MI:0218) with HDAC5 (uniprotkb:Q9UQL6) by pull down (MI:0096)MINT-6802121, MINT-6802156:P300 (uniprotkb:Q09472) physically interacts (MI:0218) with HIF1 alpha (uniprotkb:Q16665) by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0006)     

Differential roles of Sirt1 in HIF-1α and HIF-2α mediated hypoxic responses

Hypoxia-inducible factors 1α and 2α (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) determine cancer cell fate under hypoxia. Despite the similarities of their structures, HIF-1α and HIF-2α have distinct roles in cancer growth under hypoxia, that is, HIF-1α induces growth arrest whereas HIF-2α promotes cell growth. Recently, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) was reported to fine-tune cellular responses to hypoxia by deacetylating HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Yet, the roles of Sirt1 in HIF-1α and HIF-2α functions have been controversial. We here investigated the precise roles of Sirt1 in HIF-1α and HIF-2α regulations. Immunological analyses revealed that HIF-1α K674 and HIF-2α K741 are acetylated by PCAF and CBP, respectively, but are deacetylated commonly by Sirt1. In the Gal4 reporter systems, Sirt1 was found to repress HIF-1α activity constantly in ten cancer cell-lines but to regulate HIF-2α activity cell type-dependently. Moreover, Sirt1 determined cell growth under hypoxia depending on HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Under hypoxia, Sirt1 promoted cell proliferation of HepG2, in which Sirt1 differentially regulates HIF-1α and HIF-2α. In contrast, such an effect of Sirt1 was not shown in HCT116, in which Sirt1 inactivates both HIF-1α and HIF-2α because conflicting actions of HIF-1α and HIF-2α on cell growth may be offset. Our results provide a better understanding of the roles of Sirt1 in HIF-mediated hypoxic responses and also a basic concept for developing anticancer strategy targeting Sirt1.     

乏氧诱导因子结构、表达及调控

乏氧诱导因子（HIF）是乏氧应答中起重要作用的转录因子,一直是乏氧研究的焦点.HIF由α亚基和β亚基组成,α亚基包括HIF-1α、HIF-2α和HIF-3α,其中α亚基因诱导条件不同通过选择性剪接产生不同变体.β亚基包括ARNT、ARNT2和ARNT3.α与β亚基在乏氧等应激反应时形成二聚体HIF启动靶基因转录表达,参与多种细胞生物学功能的调控.目前为止,大多数的研究都集中于野生型HIF-1α,对它的结构、表达调控及其调控做了相对全面而清楚的了解.后来通过多种策略及方法,陆续发现并克隆出了除HIF-1α外的HIF各亚基.研究不再局限于HIF-1α,而是扩展至HIF整个系统,如相继发现的HIF-2α和HIF-3α亚基,以及它们的变体,对HIF-1α的研究也更深入了,但是关于HIF-1α的变体、HIF-2α、HIF－3α及β亚基的表达调控及功能还不明确,是未来研究的方向.本文全面介绍HIF的最新研究进展,阐述HIF各亚基的结构、表达调控及其靶基因的表达情况.     

von Hippel-Lindau β-domain-luciferase fusion protein as a bioluminescent hydroxyproline sensor for a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase assay

Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases (HPHs) are responsible for hydroxylation of proline residues in hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIF-α), resulting in von Hippel-Lindau (VHL)-mediated proteasome degradation of the hydroxylated proteins. Pharmacological inhibition of the enzyme leads to stabilization of HIF-α proteins and consequent activation of HIF, which provides therapeutic benefit for a variety of tissues undergoing ischemic stress. In an effort to develop a new assay for measuring HPH activity, we designed a fusion protein, VHL β-domain-luciferase. Recombinant fusion protein with a glutathione S-transferase (GST) tag was purified from Escherichia coli. GST-VHL β-domain-luciferase with C-terminal deletion (GVbL-CD) was obtained as a major product and found to have luciferase activity. In a GVbL-CD capture assay using HIF peptide-bound beads, at least a 13-fold increase in luciferase activity was elicited for HIF peptide with hydroxyproline compared with unhydroxylated HIF peptide. HPH inhibitory activities of known HPH inhibitors or HIF-1α inducers were assessed using this assay, whose results were in good agreement with those obtained from conventional methods. The competitive effect of 2-ketoglutarate on dimethyloxalylglycine-mediated HPH inhibition was assessed very well in the new assay. Taken together, the VHL β-domain protein with luciferase activity is of use for HPH activity assay.     

N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine,a diffusible antioxidant,activates HIF-1 by inhibiting HIF prolyl hydroxylase-2: Implication in amelioration of rat colitis by the antioxidant

We investigated anti-colitic effects of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (NMPG), a diffusible antioxidant, in TNBS-induced rat colitis model and a potential molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacologic effect of the antioxidant. NMPG alleviated colonic injury and effectively lowered myeloperoxidase activity. Moreover, NMPG substantially attenuated expression of pro-inflammatory mediators in the inflamed colon. NMPG induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in human colon carcinoma cells, leading to elevated secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a target gene product of HIF-1 involved in ulcer healing of gastrointestinal mucosa. NMPG induction of HIF-1α occurred by inhibiting HIF prolyl hydroxylase-2 (HPH-2), an enzyme that plays a major role in negatively regulating HIF-1α protein stability. In in vitro Von Hippel-Lindau protein binding assay, the inhibitory effect of NMPG on HPH-2 was attenuated by escalating dose of ascorbate but not 2-ketoglutarate, cofactors of the enzyme. Consistent with this, cell-permeable ascorbate significantly attenuated NMPG induction of HIF-1α in cells. Our data suggest that NMPG is an anti-colitic antioxidant that exerts its pharmacologic effects at least partly through activation of an ulcer healing pathway, HIF-1-VEGF.