一具有非线性发生率传染病模型的稳定性和霍普夫分支

在这篇文章中,我们研究了一具有非线性发生率的传染病模型．该模型经历了鞍结点分支和霍普夫分支．我们对模型的霍普夫分支进行了详细的分析,得知该霍普夫分支是超临界的．此外,我们给出了支持理论分析的数值模拟．     

一种用于蛋白质相似性分析的新的相对距离

本文论述了一种新的相对距离,用于分析不同蛋白质序列的相似性分析和构造进化树．此种距离基于Lempel-Zip复杂度,不需要进行序列比对和复杂性算法．为了说明这种距离的合理性,本文对8个物种进行了相似性分析并构造了其进化树．     

中国种子植物区系定量化研究 V．区系相似性

本文总结了应用相似系数即关联系数进行植物区系相似性分析的现状,指出了存在的问题．然后,从集合论角度讨论了区系相似性、相似关系及其相似系数的实质．作者以为在区系相似性分析中应用Ｒ．Ｒ．Ｓｏｋａｌ和Ｃ．Ｄ．Ｍｉｃｈｅｎｅｒ（１９５８）提出的简单匹配系数比较适宜,同时亦能避免以往区系相似性分析中缺乏可比性及某些“表相”相似等问题．最后,还提出了总体相似系数和类型相似系数二个新概念,以便按照吴征镒教授关于中国植物区系研究的学术思想统一研究各个不同地区植物区系的相似性．对此,作者用了６个区系实例进行了演算说明．     

野牡丹族数量分类的初步研究

用ＵＰＧＭＡ聚合法对野牡丹族的４２个性状进行Ｒ分析和对该族华南及台湾地区１５个分类群进行Ｑ分析．Ｒ分析的结果反映了性状之间相关进化及性状与分类群之间相关进化的规律性．Ｑ分析对这些分类群的分类系统做了初步的定量研究．其结论与经典分类基本吻合．Ｑ分析的结果还支持将台湾产的耳药花并入野牡丹属。     

通径分析理论与实践中的几个问题

本文讨论了通径分析理论与应用中常见的几个问题．分析了剩余效应对结果的决定系数的理论组成,和剩余效应与观测的自变量间存在相关时对通径分析结果的影响．     

62例变形杆菌医院内感染的调查分析

本文对我院１９８８年１月至１９９５年２月间６２例变形杆菌医院内感染进行了调查分析,结果显示,内科占６７．８％、外科１７．７％、五官科０．０８％、儿科０．０２％、妇产科０．０２％,以普通变形杆菌感染率最高占４６．７％,奇异变形杆菌３２．２％、摩根变形杆菌１４．５％,雷极氏０．０５％,并分析了导致变形杆菌感染的条件,提出了如何治疗,预防变形杆菌的医院内感染。     

疾病遗传方式分析:AGFAP法与ASP法

疾病的遗传方式分析是人类遗传学研究的重要内容．本文介绍两类用于遗传方式分析的统计分析方法的新近研究进展并进行了讨论．     

四种主要大豆食叶害虫种群空间分布型及其应用研究

通过分层随机与连片调查获得114个样本．利用微机分别对豆天蛾卵和豆天蛾．银纹夜蛾．棉铃虫．豆灰蝶及混合种群的幼虫．进行了4种频次分布型检验和6项聚集度指标的测定．结果表明．上述害虫在豆田内均属零集分布．中分析了聚集原因．提出了“Z”字型10样点,每样点以1／3m双行为单位的抽样方法．确立了在两种允许误差下的抽样数量．进行了序贯抽样分析。     

一种新型肿瘤细胞抑制蛋白的分离纯化

介绍了从健康牛骨髓中分离到一种具有抑制肿瘤活性的糖蛋白,并对该糖蛋白进行了纯化,获得了电泳纯和层析纯的纯品．测得该糖蛋白N末端为两氨酸残基．用SDS-PAGE法测得该溏蛋白的表现分子量为65kD．氨基酸组成分析显示其为一种富含丝氨酸的蛋白质．生物活性测定表明,该糖蛋白纯品对小白鼠白血病P388细胞和人慢粒白血病HL-60细胞株的增殖均有抑制作用．有关该糖蛋白的糖含量的定量测定及蛋白质一级结构分析正在进一步的研究中．     

中国种子植物区系定量化研究：Ⅴ.区系相似性

本文总结了应用相似系数联系系数进行了植物区系相似性分析的现状,指出了存在的问题、然后从集合论角度讨论了区系相似性,相似关系及其相似系的实质。作者以为在区系相似性分析中应用Ｒ．Ｒ．Ｓｏｋａｌ和Ｃ．Ｄ．Ｍｉｃｈｅｎｅｒ提出的简单匹配系数的比较适宜,同时亦能避免以往区系相似性 分析中缺乏可比性及其“表相“等相似问题。     

黑白花牛INHA基因多态性与超数排卵性状关系

为了研究黑白花牛抑制素α基因(INHA)的遗传多样性和超数排卵效果的关联分析,找到一种能够作为黑白花牛超数排卵预测的候选基因,本试验以50头黑白花牛为实验材料,对其进行了超排处理并且采集了黑白花牛的血液样本提取基因组。采用PCR-SSCP技术,在INHA基因的第一外显子和第二外显子各设计了一对引物进行基因型检测,然后与超排性状进行关联分析。结果表明:黑白花牛INHA基因的177 bp处(+1为转录起始位点)存在一个A>G突变的多态性位点,AA和AG基因型的频率分别为0.62和0.38。与超排性状关联分析,结果显示AG基因型黑白花牛的排卵数和鲜胚数均显著多于AA基因型(p<0.05),这说明黑白花牛个体的超排性状可能与其本身的INHA基因的遗传特性有关。     

应用PCR—SSCP快速鉴定结构分枝杆菌复合群

通过聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）－单链的权象多态性（ＳＳＣＰ）技术分析结构分枝杆菌和非结构分枝杆菌临床株的１６Ｓ ｒＤＮＡ基因。６０例临床标本中,２０例为阳性,与传统方法比较无差异。其中分型：１８例为结核支杆菌,２例为结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌双重感染。２０例阴性标本中,ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ又检查出５例阳性。２０例对照标本中,３种传统方法与ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ法均检测为阴性。全部试验３ｄ执行结果。结核分枝杆菌     

结核分枝杆菌rpoB基因突变的检测(简报)

结核病主要是由结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)引起的一种慢性传染性疾病。利福平是结核病化疗方案中一个关键性的药物,它在结核病的短程化疗中起着重要的作用。但是,在我国结核菌对利福平的耐药发生率呈上升局势,而通过传统的依赖生物生长的药敏试验方法进行结核菌对利福平耐药性检测所需时间较长(4-8周),不能满足临床早期开展有效化疗的需要,所以迫切需要建     

PCR-SSCP技术的研究及应用进展

阐述了SSCP技术的建立与发展过程;概述了PCR-SSCP技术的原理、方法、优缺点及突变技术研究进展;总结了PCR-SSCP技术在多个领域中(动物育种、基因突变、基因诊断、基因图谱和连锁分析等)的应用情况;分析了PCR-SSCP技术在分子生物学研究领域中的作用。     

PCR-SSCP的效果分析

PCR-SSCP是一种以PCR为基础的单链构象多态性分析技术,是DNA已知突变的检测或未知变异分析中常用和实用的技术之一。影响SSCP试验效果的因素有很多,本研究主要对凝胶浓度和是否添加甘油两个因素进行分析与探讨。结果表明,凝胶浓度12%和添加甘油终浓度10%的条件下可以得到满意的结果。     

SSCP analysis of pig mitochondrial DNA D-loop region polymorphism

The sequence polymorphism that occurs in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) displacement (D)-loop region is useful as a cytoplasmic DNA marker. We cloned the mtDNA D-loop regions of five breeds of pig by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and determined their sequences. The sequence diversities in D-loop regions among five breeds of pig were located in the starting area of heavy-strand replication. From these sequences, we designed primers for PCR-mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis that amplified the most polymorphic 227 bp fragment of the D-loop region. The results of PCR-SSCP analysis clearly showed that four types of polymorphism (A to D) are found in Landrace (A), Large White (A, B), Duroc (A), Göttingen miniature pig (B) and Meishan (C, D). The same polymorphisms were also detected from each porcine embryo by this method. Our results show that PCR-SSCP analysis is useful in detecting polymorphisms in the D-loop region of pigs and pig embryos.     

Spatial Heterogeneity of Crenarchaeal Assemblages within Mesophilic Soil Ecosystems as Revealed by PCR-Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism Profiling

Microbial ecologists have discovered novel rRNA genes (rDNA) in mesophilic soil habitats worldwide, including sequences that affiliate phylogenetically within the division Crenarchaeota (domain Archaea). To characterize the spatial distribution of crenarchaeal assemblages in mesophilic soil habitats, we profiled amplified crenarchaeal 16S rDNA sequences from diverse soil ecosystems by using PCR-single-stranded-conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. PCR-SSCP profiles provide a measure of relative microbial diversity in terms of richness (number of different phylotypes as estimated from the number of unique PCR-SSCP peaks) and evenness (abundance of each phylotype as estimated from the relative area under a peak). Crenarchaeal assemblages inhabiting prairie, forest, turf, and agricultural soils were characterized at six sampling locations in southern and central Wisconsin. Phylotype richness was found to be more stable than evenness among triplicate samples collected within 30 cm at each sampling location. Transformation of the PCR-SSCP data by principal-component analysis, followed by statistical testing (analysis of variance [P < 0.0001] and least-significant-difference analysis [α = 0.5]), supported the conclusion that each location exhibited a unique profile. To further characterize the spatial distribution of crenarchaeal assemblages at one location, additional soil samples (a total of 30) were collected from agricultural field plots at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station. PCR-SSCP revealed a patchy spatial distribution of crenarchaeal assemblages within and between these plots. This mosaic of crenarchaeal assemblages was characterized by differences in phylotype evenness that could not be correlated with horizontal distance (15 to 30 m) or with depth (0 to 20 cm below the surface). Crenarchaeal 16S rDNA clone libraries were produced and screened for unique SSCP peaks. Clones representing the dominant phylotypes at each location were identified, sequenced, and found to group phylogenetically with sequences in crenarchaeal clade C1b.     

Spatial heterogeneity of crenarchaeal assemblages within mesophilic soil ecosystems as revealed by PCR-single-stranded conformation polymorphism profiling

Microbial ecologists have discovered novel rRNA genes (rDNA) in mesophilic soil habitats worldwide, including sequences that affiliate phylogenetically within the division Crenarchaeota (domain Archaea). To characterize the spatial distribution of crenarchaeal assemblages in mesophilic soil habitats, we profiled amplified crenarchaeal 16S rDNA sequences from diverse soil ecosystems by using PCR-single-stranded-conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. PCR-SSCP profiles provide a measure of relative microbial diversity in terms of richness (number of different phylotypes as estimated from the number of unique PCR-SSCP peaks) and evenness (abundance of each phylotype as estimated from the relative area under a peak). Crenarchaeal assemblages inhabiting prairie, forest, turf, and agricultural soils were characterized at six sampling locations in southern and central Wisconsin. Phylotype richness was found to be more stable than evenness among triplicate samples collected within 30 cm at each sampling location. Transformation of the PCR-SSCP data by principal-component analysis, followed by statistical testing (analysis of variance [P < 0.0001] and least-significant-difference analysis [alpha = 0.5]), supported the conclusion that each location exhibited a unique profile. To further characterize the spatial distribution of crenarchaeal assemblages at one location, additional soil samples (a total of 30) were collected from agricultural field plots at the Hancock Agricultural Research Station. PCR-SSCP revealed a patchy spatial distribution of crenarchaeal assemblages within and between these plots. This mosaic of crenarchaeal assemblages was characterized by differences in phylotype evenness that could not be correlated with horizontal distance (15 to 30 m) or with depth (0 to 20 cm below the surface). Crenarchaeal 16S rDNA clone libraries were produced and screened for unique SSCP peaks. Clones representing the dominant phylotypes at each location were identified, sequenced, and found to group phylogenetically with sequences in crenarchaeal clade C1b.     

Molecular typing of epidemic and nonepidemic Vibrio cholerae isolates and differentiation of V. cholerae and V. mimicus isolates by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis

AIMS: To examine the utility of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis to differentiate epidemic and nonepidemic Vibrio cholerae isolates as well as to differentiate V. cholerae and Vibrio mimicus isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS: By both PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and PCR-SSCP analysis of groEL-I on chromosome 1 and groEL-II on chromosome 2, V. cholerae isolates gave distinct profiles compared with V. mimicus isolates. In addition, PCR-SSCP analysis of groEL-I and groEL-II could differentiate between V. cholerae epidemic and nonepidemic isolates. Interestingly, the relationships among strains based on groEL-I from chromosome 1 and groEL-II from chromosome 2 were congruent with each other, highlighting the conserved evolutionary history of both chromosomes in this species. CONCLUSIONS: PCR-SSCP is a powerful typing technique, which has the ability to differentiate V. cholerae and V. mimicus isolates. The epidemic V. cholerae O1/O139 serogroup isolates represent a clonal complex distinct from non-O1/non-O139 isolates that can be identified by PCR-SSCP analysis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study highlights the effectiveness of using reliable molecular typing methods and in particular PCR-SSCP, to identify genetic variation among V. cholerae and V. mimicus isolates.     

PCR-SSCP技术在微生物分类鉴定中的应用

PCR-SSCP是利用DNA单链构象具有多态性进行基因检测的一种分析技术,该技术敏感性高、操作简便,广泛应用于多种基因突变的检测和基因多态性分析,近年来,PCR-SSCP技术被大量应用于微生物学的研究中。综述了该技术的基本原理并主要对其在微生物学分类鉴定中的应用作了总结。