生肌素引起组蛋白H3和H4高度乙酰化及染色质溶解性增加

为研究生肌素在染色质重建过程中的作用 ,采用生肌素真核表达载体转染C2C12肌细胞 ,细胞核经微球菌核酸酶消化后 ,提取DNA进行SDS PAGE分析 .生肌素转染的细胞 ,其核小体 (染色质 )在Mg2 + 溶液中的溶解性明显增加 ,提示染色质组蛋白乙酰化程度提高 .组蛋白经TAU SDS(2 D)双相凝胶电泳分析 ,发现在转染生肌素真核表达载体 2 4h后 ,组蛋白H4的乙酰化修饰程度最高 .采用抗乙酰化组蛋白H3和H4抗体进行的Western印迹分析进一步证明了乙酰化的发生 .上述变化与染色质的活跃程度相关 .RT PCR结果显示 ,生肌素的靶基因烟碱样乙酰胆碱受体 (nAChR)α亚基和肌酸激酶 (MCK)基因在转染后表达水平提高 .结果提示 ,强制性表达外源性生肌素可引起肌细胞核染色质重建 ,进而激活靶基因     

Regulation of chromatin structure during thymic T cell development

Development is the process whereby a multipotent cell gives rise, through series of divisions, to progeny with successively restricted potentials. During T cell development, the process begins with a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) in the bone marrow, moves to the thymus where early T cells or thymocytes pass through signal‐initiated developmental checkpoints, and ends in the periphery where mature T cells reside. At each step along this developmental pathway, T lymphocyte progenitors must be able to turn genes on and off, creating a specialized program of gene expression, to allow further development. How is gene expression coordinated? This review will summarize what has been learned about the function of chromatin structure in generating a “blueprint” of gene expression during T cell development. This will include discussion of mechanisms of chromatin remodeling, histone modification, and heritable gene silencing. In many cases, these processes are carried out by multi‐protein complexes whose components are largely ubiquitously expressed. The spatial and temporal specificity of these complexes is contributed by sequence specific DNA binding factors, some of which are cell type restricted in their expression. This review will summarize research underway to identify these key genetic “targeters.” Taken together, the research reviewed here provides a glimpse into the importance of regulation of chromatin structure in T cell development and the “players” involved. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

The landscape of pioneer factor activity reveals the mechanisms of chromatin reprogramming and genome activation

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综述: 表观遗传之染色质重塑

真核细胞中的染色质重塑因子种类繁多,多数以蛋白多聚体的形式存在于细胞中．不同的染色质重塑因子在特定时间定位于特定的核小体上,通过改变染色质结构,影响基因转录活性,进而确保细胞内各种生物学过程的正确运行．另外,染色质重塑因子根据所含功能结构域的不同,大致分为SWI/SNF、ISWI、CHD和INO80四大家族,不同的染色质重塑因子之间既有蛋白质结构和酶活性的相似性,各自又有其特异性．本综述的宗旨在于全面概括和总结染色质重塑因子的分类、结构特点以及其在细胞内的生物学功能,为深入研究染色质重塑因子的生物学功能,尤其是在发育和疾病发生中的作用机制提供理论基础．     

组蛋白乙酰转移酶的研究进展

组蛋白乙酰化与基因转录等生物效应有密切的关系,组蛋白乙酰化主要是由组蛋白乙酰转移酶催化的。 要介绍了基因转录有关组蛋白乙酰转移酶,包括ＨＡＴＡ／Ｇｃｎ５ｐ、ｐ３００／ＣＢＰ、ｐ／ＣＡＦ、ＡＣＴＲ、Ｓｒｃ１、ＴＡＦ Ⅱ ２５０、Ｅｌｐ３等的来源,与其相互作用的蛋白质及其主要功能。     

一种简便的染色质免疫沉淀法的建立

染色质结构和基因表达调节是当前国际前沿研究的热点.染色质免疫沉淀法是研究染色质结构的首选方法,它不仅可用来研究体内反式因子与DNA的相互作用,也可以用来研究组蛋白修饰与基因表达的关系.综合国外相关文献,建立了一种简便的染色质免疫沉淀法,并通过对诱导前后的MEL细胞中β-珠蛋白基因簇组蛋白H3乙酰化的研究,证实了其可操作性.结果表明：高敏位点HS2和活跃基因βmaj的启动子区域存在较高的组蛋白乙酰化水平,且诱导前后变化显著,而不活跃基因Ey的启动子区域则几乎检测不到组蛋白的乙酰化,且诱导前后无明显变化.这一结果与以前的报道相吻合.     

Dynamics of Chromatin and Transcription during Transient Depletion of the RSC Chromatin Remodeling Complex

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染色质结构与珠蛋白基因表达调控

综述了β－珠蛋白基因表达调控中,与染色质结构调控相关的区域,染色质重组复合体,染色质修饰等因素及它们之间协同作用的研究。     

Targeting histone acetylation dynamics and oncogenic transcription by catalytic P300/CBP inhibition

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