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Abdullah Basoglu Nuri Baspinar Leonardo Tenori Alessia Vignoli Erdem Gulersoy 《Biological trace element research》2017,178(2):218-227
In the present study, toxicity of commercial zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) was studied on the bacterium Pseudomonas sp., human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The toxicity was assessed by measuring growth, cell viability, and protein expression in bacterial cell. The bacterial growth and viability decreased with increasing concentrations of ZnO NP. Three major proteins, ribosomal protein L1 and L9 along with alkyl hydroperoxides reductase, were upregulated by 1.5-, 1.7-, and 2.0-fold, respectively, after ZnO NP exposure. The results indicated oxidative stress as the leading cause of toxic effect in bacteria. In HL-60 cells, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects along with antioxidant enzyme activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were studied upon ZnO NP treatment. ZnO NP exhibited dose-dependent increase in cell death after 24-h exposure. The DNA-damaging potential of ZnO NP in HL-60 cells was maximum at 0.05 mg/L concentration. Comet assay showed 70–80% increase in tail DNA at 0.025 to 0.05 mg/L ZnO NP concentration. A significant increase of 1.6-, 1.4-, and 2.0-fold in ROS level was observed after 12 h. Genotoxic potential of ZnO NPs was also demonstrated in PBMC through DNA fragmentation. Thus, ZnO NP, besides being an essential element having antibacterial activity, also showed toxicity towards human cells (HL-60 and PBMC). 相似文献
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《Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences》2000,31(3):409-418
In the early 1920s, the Rockefeller Foundation's International Health Board was presenting itself as the watchtower of public health for the world at large. Yet Soviet Russia was never included in any of the International Health Board's programs, despite the efforts of the Russians to reach out to the Board. This paper examines the exclusion of Russia as a function of the conceptual and structural lenses through which the International Health Board ‘saw’ post-revolutionary Soviet public health. It also speculates about the ways in which those who spoke on behalf of Soviet public health contributed to the perceptions of the Board. 相似文献
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Tanya R. Wahbe Eduardo M. Jovel David R. Silva García Vicente E. Pilco Llagcha N. Rose Point 《EcoHealth》2007,4(4):472-488
In this article we present an international Indigenous people’s partnership project co-led by two Indigenous communities,
Musqueam (Coast Salish, Canada) and Totoras (Quichua, Ecuador), as a community-driven health initiative. The Musqueam-Totoras
partnership includes Indigenous organizations, universities, international agencies, government, and nongovernmental organizations
to address Indigenous health concerns in both communities. Our collaborative approach provides a framework to (a) increase
the development expertise of Indigenous people internationally, (b) increase skills among all participants, and (c) facilitate
Indigenous knowledge mobilization and translation to promote cultural continuity. This international Indigenous people’s partnership
between north and south reflects the diversity and commonalities of Indigenous knowledge, contributes to cultural revitalization,
and minimizes the impact of assimilation, technology, and globalization. Indigenous people’s partnerships contribute to self-determination,
which is a prerequisite to the building and maintenance of healthy communities and the promotion of social justice. The exchange
of Indigenous knowledge upholds Indigenous values of respect, reciprocity, relevance, and responsibility. Given the history
of colonization and the negligence of governments in the exercising of these values with respect to Indigenous communities,
this contemporary exchange among Indigenous people in the Americas serves to reclaim these values and practices. International
cooperation empowering Indigenous people and other marginalized groups has become fundamental for their advancement and participation
in globalized economies. An international Indigenous people’s partnership provides opportunities for sharing cultural, historical,
social, environmental, and economic factors impacting Indigenous health. These partnerships also create beneficial learning
experiences in community-based participatory research and community-driven health initiatives, provide culturally sensitive
research ethics frameworks, increase capacity building, and address basic human needs identified by participating communities. 相似文献
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Steve M. Heath Dorothy V. M. Bishop Kimberley E. Bloor Gemma L. Boyle Janet Fletcher John H. Hogben Charles A. Wigley Stephanie H. M. Yeong 《PloS one》2014,9(4)
Rationale
Phonological awareness, letter knowledge, oral language (including sentence recall) and rapid automatised naming are acknowledged within-child predictors of literacy development. Separate research has identified family factors including socio-economic status, parents’ level of education and family history. However, both approaches have left unexplained significant amounts of variance in literacy outcomes. This longitudinal study sought to improve prospective classification accuracy for young children at risk of literacy failure by adding two new family measures (parents’ phonological awareness and parents’ perceived self-efficacy), and then combining the within-child and family factors.Method
Pre-literacy skills were measured in 102 four year olds (46 girls and 56 boys) at the beginning of Preschool, and then at the beginning and end of Kindergarten, when rapid automatised naming was also measured. Family factors data were collected at the beginning of Preschool, and children’s literacy outcomes were measured at the end of Year 1 (age 6–7 years).Results
Children from high-risk backgrounds showed poorer literacy outcomes than low-risk students, though three family factors (school socio-economic status, parents’ phonological awareness, and family history) typically accounted for less Year 1 variance than the within-child factors. Combining these family factors with the end of Kindergarten within-child factors provided the most accurate classification (i.e., sensitivity = .85; specificity = .90; overall correct = .88).Implications
Our approach would identify at-risk children for intervention before they began to fail. Moreover, it would be cost-effective because although few at-risk children would be missed, allocation of unnecessary educational resources would be minimised. 相似文献7.
The field of health literacy continues to evolve and concern public health researchers and yet remains a largely overlooked concept elsewhere in the healthcare system. We conducted focus group discussions in England UK, about the concept of health literacy with older patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions (mean age = 73.4 years), carers and health professionals. Our research posed methodological, intellectual and practical challenges. Gaps in conceptualisation and expectations were revealed, reiterating deficiencies in predominant models for understanding health literacy and methodological shortcomings of using focus groups in qualitative research for this topic. Building on this unique insight into what the concept of health literacy meant to participants, we present analysis of our findings on factors perceived to foster and inhibit health literacy and on the issue of responsibility in health literacy. Patients saw health literacy as a result of an inconsistent interactive process and the implications as wide ranging; healthcare professionals had more heterogeneous views. All focus group discussants agreed that health literacy most benefited from good inter-personal communication and partnership. By proposing a needs-based approach to health literacy we offer an alternative way of conceptualising health literacy to help improve the health of older people with chronic conditions. 相似文献
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Salmon farming is a significant contribution to the global seafood market to which the goal of sustainability is often applied.
Diseases related to farms are perhaps the most contentious issues associated with sustainable salmon farming. We reviewed
literature and policies in British Columbia, Canada, as well as interviewed key informants to examine how fish health regulations
do or could support sustainability goals. We found four main obstacles to the development and application of a sustainability-based
health management system. First, salmon farming faced the same challenges as other industries when trying to establish an
operational definition of sustainability that captures all stakeholders’ interests. Second, there was no program responsible
for integrating the various regulations, responsible departments, and monitoring efforts to develop a comprehensive view of
sustainability. Third, there was inadequate research base and social consensus on the criteria that should be used to track
health outcomes for sustainability purposes. Fourth, the regulatory and management paradigm for salmon farming has been focused
on diseases and pathogens as opposed to embracing a more inclusive health promotion model that includes biotic, abiotic, and
social determinants of health. A transparent and inclusive participatory process that effectively links expert views with
community and industry concerns should serve as the foundation for the next generation of health management regulations for
salmon farming. 相似文献
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