内蒙古圆额盲蝽属初步研究：半翅目：盲蝽科

本文记述了采于内蒙古的圆额盲蝽属ｌｅｐｔｏｐｔｅｒｎａ Ｆｉｅｂｅｒ,１８５８ ４种,锡林圆额盲蝽Ｌ．ｘｉｌｉｎｇｏｌａｎａ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．一新种,锈圆额盲蝽Ｌ．ｇｒｉｅｓｈｅｉｍａｅ Ｅ．Ｗａｇｎｅｒ,１９５２和黄褐圆额盲蝽Ｌ．ｆｅｒｒｕｇａｔａ（Ｆａｌｌｅｎ,１８０７）两个中国新纪录种。     

曼盲蝽属中国种类研究（盲蝽科：单室盲蝽亚科）

本文记述了曼盲蝽属１９１５的７个新种;环曼盲蝽,脊曼盲蝽;狭长曼盲蝽,黄翅曼盲蝽;胡桃曼盲蝽;瑰环曼盲蝽;赤环曼盲蝽。提出３个新组合;均由Ｐａｃｈｙｐｅｌｔｉｓ Ｓｉｇｎｏｒｅｔ属移入本属,模式标本存放于南开大学生物系昆虫标本室。     

平盲盲蝽属三新种（半翅目：盲蝽科）

记述中国平盲蝽属Ｚａｎｃｈｉｕｓ ３新种，无斑平盲蝽Ｚａｎｃｈｉｕｓ ｉｎｎｏｔａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．，陕平盲蝽Ｚａｎｃｈｉｕｓ ｓｈａａｎｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ和藏平盲蝽Ｚａｎｃｈｉｕｓ ｔｉｂｅｔａｎｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。藏平盲蝽的模式标本保存在中国农业大学植保系，其它模式标本均保存在南开大学生物学系。     

中国树丽盲蝽属分类研究：半翅目：盲蝽科

本文报道我国树丽盲蝽属种类共１７种。提出３个新组合：Ａｒｄａｓｙｐｔｅｒｕｓ ,ｃｏｍｂ ．ｎｏｖ．Ａｒ．ｐｒｏｎｏｔａｌｉｓ ,ｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．;并记述了９个新种,衰劳树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ａｉｌａｏｅｎｓｉｓ喜马树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｈｉｍａｌａｙｉｃｕｓ,狭长树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｌｏｎｇｕｌｕｓ,任氏树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｒｅｎａｅ,黑褐树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｐｉｃｉｎｕｓ,环胫树丽盲蝽Ａｒ．ｔｉｂｉａｌｉｓ,五指山树丽盲蝽Ａ     

昧盲蝽属中国种类初记(半翅目：盲蝽科)

昧盲蝽属(Mecomma Fieber)为盲蝽科合垫盲蝽亚科(Orthotylina)中的一个小属,本属成虫雌雄体型各异:雄虫常为长翅型,雌虫多为短翅型,但偶亦可为长翅类型。体长一般为2—5mm。头横阔,喙多伸达后足基节。前胸背板钟形,前端具较狭的领片。体色常为褐色或黑色。     

凤盲蝽属一新种（半翅目：盲蝽科）

本文记述采自甘肃祁连山北麓的半翅目盲蝽科叶盲蝽亚科凤盲蝽属昆虫１新种－－祁连凤盲蝽。新种的模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

草盲蝽属中国种类纪要：半翅目：盲蝽科

本文共记述半翅目盲蝽科的常见属—草盲蝽属Lygus(s.str.)Hahn中国种类共11种。其中包括3个新种:毛斑草盲蝽L.paradiscrepans sp.nov.,西藏草盲蝽L.tibetanus sp.nov.,萧氏草盲蝽L.hsiaoi sp.nov.;1个中国新记录种:瓦氏草盲蝽L.wagneri(Remane);以及1项新组合:将poluensis Wagner由Exolygus Wagner属移入本属。文章提供了名录、分布纪录和新种描述     

丽盲蝽属一新种(半翅目：盲蝽科)

本文记述产于甘肃的丽盲蝽属LygocorisReuter新丽盲蝽亚属（subg.Neolsgus）一新种[1～3]。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。文中量度单位为mm。     

中国皮盲蝽属新种记述（半翅目：盲蝽科）

皮盲蝽属ＣｏｒｉｄｒｏｍｉｕｓＳｉｇｎｏｒｅｔ世界已有记载共６种。本文为该属在我国和亚洲的首次分布记录。本文记述该属两新种：中国皮盲蝽Ｃｏｒｉｄｒｏｍｉｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;正模♂,广西阳朔,１９６４－０９－１１,王良臣采。副模：１５♂♂,１７♀♀,广西阳朔;１♂,台湾台北;２４♂♂,２８♀♀,福建龙岩;４♀♀,福建南靖;１♂,福建福州。赭皮盲蝽Ｃｏｒｉｄｒｏｍｉｕｓｔｅｓｔａｃｅｏｕｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,正模♀,海南尖峰岭,１９８５－０４－０１,郑乐怡采,灯诱。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

Disruption of sexual communication in the mirid bug Lygocoris pabulinus by hexyl butanoate

1 The metathoracic scent gland in Lygocoris pabulinus contains mostly hexyl butanoate. As secretions of this gland in Heteroptera may serve as an alarm pheromone, we determined whether hexyl butanoate is released by disturbed bugs, and whether this compound disrupts sexual attraction of L. pabulinus males towards females. 2 Undisturbed males and females, and disturbed males released less than 100 ng/h hexyl butanoate, whereas disturbed females released a highly variable amount, ranging from 25 ng/h to more than 1 μg/h. 3 In the field, traps with virgin females and rubber septa containing 20 mg hexyl butanoate, caught a total of one male in a month. In control traps without hexyl butanoate, 36 males were caught in the same period. 4 In Y‐track olfactometer tests, males were not attracted to virgin females when a dispenser with 20 mg hexyl butanoate was placed in the bottle with females. Males were attracted to females when the dispenser was placed downwind from the females, but upwind from the point of male release. 5 These results suggest that males are not repelled by hexyl butanoate, but that this compound inhibits sex pheromone release in females. Application possibilities for pest management are discussed.     

白蚁信息素研究进展

白蚁是最古老的社会性昆虫, 其社会性的维持需要信息素的相互作用。本文回顾了近年来国内外白蚁信息素研究的最新进展, 内容涉及白蚁踪迹信息素、 性信息素、 告警信息素和促食信息素的功能、 化学成分及产生信息素的外分泌腺。白蚁分泌信息素的腺体主要有背板腺、 腹板腺、 后腹板腺、 额腺和唾腺。绝大多数白蚁信息素是挥发性物质。白蚁在化学通讯上存在节俭策略, 即同一种化合物由不同的白蚁种类的不同外分泌腺分泌, 可具有不同的功能。总结了各类信息素在白蚁物种间、 同一物种的品级间和性别间的异同和作用方式, 强调了白蚁信息素的反应阈值、 最佳浓度、 有效期和物种特异性对其功能的影响。目前对白蚁信息素的研究尚处于起步阶段, 其研究成果对等翅目系统发育研究和白蚁防治具有重要的意义。文章最后展望了白蚁信息素在白蚁防治上的应用前景。     

天牛性信息素、引诱植物和植物性引诱剂的研究与应用

由于目前所拥有的各种天牛防治方法都难以获得理想的防治效果,研发新型天牛控制技术势在必行。其中利用引诱剂是最具潜力的研究领域之一。对天牛的性信息素、引诱植物和植物性引诱剂3个方面的研究及应用作了综述。天牛雌、雄成虫均可释放性信息素进行两性间的通讯联系。天牛性信息素的分泌部位因天牛种类不同而存在着差异。雄、雌成虫触角上均有感受性信息素的感受器,但报道较多的是雄虫感受器。迄今已鉴定出13种天牛性信息素的化学结构。一般而言,天牛成虫的嗜食树种,对天牛具有较强的引诱作用,可作为诱饵树种使用。寄主植物的某些挥发性物质对天牛成虫也有独特的引诱效果。除此之外,对天牛性信息素、引诱植物和植物性引诱剂研究与应用中存在的困难也进行了讨论,并对它们的应用前景做了展望。     

The joy of sex pheromones

Sex pheromones provide an important means of communication to unite individuals for successful reproduction. Although sex pheromones are highly diverse across animals, these signals fulfil common fundamental roles in enabling identification of a mating partner of the opposite sex, the appropriate species and of optimal fecundity. In this review, we synthesize both classic and recent investigations on sex pheromones in a range of species, spanning nematode worms, insects and mammals. These studies reveal comparable strategies in how these chemical signals are produced, detected and processed in the brain to regulate sexual behaviours. Elucidation of sex pheromone communication mechanisms both defines outstanding models to understand the molecular and neuronal basis of chemosensory behaviours, and reveals how similar evolutionary selection pressures yield convergent solutions in distinct animal nervous systems.EMBO reports advance online publication 13 September 2013; doi:10.1038/embor.2013.140     

桃园中食心虫单一性诱芯及其复合配置的诱蛾效率比较

【目的】明确两种食心虫性诱芯复合配置的诱蛾效果,提高其监测或防治效率及其绿色环保化水平,为果树生产中食心虫的高效监测和绿色防控提供科学依据。【方法】田间系统调查研究了梨小食心虫(以下简称"梨小")、桃小食心虫(以下简称"桃小")单一性诱芯及其复合配置3种处理的诱蛾效率,并利用"Y"型嗅觉仪比较研究了其间梨小雄蛾趋向性的差异。【结果】(1)梨小和桃小性单一诱芯及其复合配置对梨小均具有引诱作用,其诱蛾总量依次为8 238.33、1 451.67、8 321.67头/诱捕器,其中第1、2、3代时复合配置诱蛾量最大,越冬代和第4代时梨小单一性诱芯诱蛾量最大,而各世代桃小单一性诱芯诱蛾量均最低。梨小单一性诱芯及其复合配置均监测到5个梨小发生高峰,且峰期基本一致,但复合配置的峰日诱蛾量均较高;桃小单一性诱芯仅监测到3个梨小发生高峰,且峰日诱蛾量亦较低。(2)桃小单一性诱芯及其复合配置对桃小均具有引诱作用,其诱蛾总量依次为4.00、2.33头/诱捕器,而梨小单一性诱芯对桃小无引诱作用。(3)"Y"型嗅觉仪研究发现,梨小食心虫对梨小和桃小各单一性诱芯及其复合配置均具有趋向作用,其趋向率依次为50.67%、8.67%、53.33%。【结论】梨小和桃小单一性诱芯复合配置对梨小诱捕量有微增效作用,而对桃小诱捕量有一定干扰作用,但影响均不显著。据此,该复合配置可用于桃园中梨小和桃小的监测与防控。     

灰翅夜蛾属昆虫的性信息素研究概况

本文从雌蛾性信息素组分鉴定、雄蛾对性信息素的行为反应和性信息素的应用３个方面,综述了灰翅夜蛾属昆虫性信息的研究进展,并展望了此属昆虫性信息素的研究前景。     

蛾类性信息素生物合成途径及其调控

蛾类通过产生和识别物种特异性性信息素来引发后续交配行为,因此它在两性交配行为中至关重要.它们具有不同碳链长度、末端官能团、不同双键位置和构型等化学结构特征,本文详细讨论了不同蛾类性信息素的合成途径以及催化每一步反应的相关酶系,列举了15种夜蛾科不同亚科常见物种的性信息素组分及其比例,总结了产生特定比例性信息素的可能原因,查阅了夜蛾科不同物种已经鉴别的性信息素,并按照不同亚科、不同官能团和碳链长度对其进行分类,归纳了同一物种及其亲缘物种性信息素组分和比例的变异,总结了产生变异的分子机理,讨论了性信息素变异和物种进化的关系.最后以生物合成激活神经肽(PBAN)为主, 介绍了其调控途径和机制.本文旨在以不同的蛾类性信息素合成途径为线索,从共有合成途径出发深入了解其规律和共性,从特异合成途径出发探究物种间的进化和变异,展望未来的研究方向及其应用.     

State-dependent sampling bias in insects: implications for monitoring western tarnished plant bugs

Insect populations vary in the proportion of individuals exhibiting a particular ‘state’ (e.g., developmental stage, sex, egg load, or nutritional status). Because an insect's developmental state often determines both its size and its behavior, it is likely that this will also affect the probability of being sampled. We propose that a comprehensive approach to pest management must consider the interaction between the structure of a pest population (i.e., the relative number of individuals in each state) and any state‐dependent sampling bias. To illustrate the usefulness of this method we sampled populations of the western tarnished pest bug, Lygus hesperus Knight (Heteroptera: Miridae), in cotton fields. Our sampling technique utilized large cages to measure the absolute densities of each L. hesperus stage and adult sex within a population. This technique allowed us to document a wide range of absolute stage structures and sex ratios across 10 L. hesperus populations in California. Using a combination of cage samples and sweep net samples, we quantified the state‐dependent sampling bias by calculating the efficiency of sweep sampling as a function of L. hesperus developmental stage and sex. We found that the efficiency of sweep nets increased steadily with each successive developmental stage (i.e., nymphal instar) of L. hesperus. We also found that sweep nets are slightly more efficient in capturing male vs. female L. hesperus adults. Since other studies have documented that the stage and sex of L. hesperus can affect feeding impact on cotton flower buds, our results suggest that accurate predictions of Lygus damage will need to incorporate stage and sex‐dependent sampling biases.     

Moth sex pheromones affect interspecific competition among sympatric species and possibly population distribution by modulating pre-mating behavior

Premating behaviors mediated by pheromones play pivotal roles in animal mating choices. In natural populations of the striped stem borer Chilo suppressalis and the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in the rice field habitat, we discovered that Z11-16:Ald, a major component of the C. suppressalis pheromone, modulated the premating behavior of C. medinalis. Z11-16:Ald evoked a strong olfactory response in male antennae and strongly inhibited the sex pheromone trapping of male C. medinalis in the field. The functions of three C. medinalis sex pheromone receptor genes (CmedPR1–3) were verified through heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes. CmedPR1 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z11-18:Ald, as well as the interspecific pheromone compound Z11-16:Ac of sympatric species; CmedPR2 responded to Z13-18:OH and Z13-18:Ald, as well as the sex pheromone compounds Z11-16:Ald and Z9-16:Ald of sympatric species; and CmedPR3 responded to Z11-18:OH and Z13-18:OH, as well as the interspecific pheromones Z11-16:OH, Z9-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ald of sympatric species. Thus, CmedPR2 and CmedPR3 share the ligand Z11-16:Ald, which is not a component of the C. medinalis sex pheromone. Therefore, the sex pheromones of interspecific species affected the input of neural signals by stimulating the sex pheromone receptors on the antennae of male C. medinalis moths, thereby inhibiting the olfactory responses of the male moths to the sex pheromones. Our results demonstrate chemical communication among sympatric species in the rice field habitat, the recognition of intra- and interspecific sex pheromones by olfactory receptors, and how insect premating behaviors are modulated to possibly affect resource partitioning.