辽宁东部的主要植被类型及其分布

辽宁东部位于铁岭一营口一线以东地区。北部为山地,属于长白植物区系区。南部为辽东半岛丘陵,属于华北植物区系区,并具有一些耐寒性的亚热带植物。红松(Pinus koraiensis)、沙松(Abies holophylla)—阔叶混交林和油松 (Pinus tabulaeformis)、赤松(P.densiflora)、落叶阔叶林是辽宁东部的地带性植被。但是,目前次生的蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)林和各类灌丛分布很广。以开原一南杂木一青城子一青椅山线为界把辽东分为两个植被地带：1)北部为温带针叶阔叶混交林地带;2)南部为暖温带落叶阔叶林地带。在暖温带落叶阔叶林地带内,熊岳一青椅山线的东南部为亦松栎林亚地带,西北部为油松栎林亚地带。     

不同类型人工阔叶红松林高等植物物种多样性

采用Shahnon—Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数等指标研究了辽宁东部山区人工营造20年生5种阔叶树水曲柳、刺愀、紫椴、色赤汤、白桦与红松形成的混交林及人工红松纯林内各层次高等植物物种多佯性,并对该6种林分的垂直结构进行比较。结果表明,人工阔叶红松混交林内植物种类丰富,数量较多;红松纯林内的植物种数仅为人工阔叶红松混交林的42％～52％,植物总数量只有混交林的11％～37％。人工阔叶红松林各层次高等植物物种多样性均好于人工红松纯林,但与原始阔叶红松林相比。人工阔叶红松林的物种多样性还较低。在林分垂直结构方面,人工阔叶红松混交林的成层现象明显,层次结构复杂,垂直多样性丰富;红松纯林只有1个主林冠层,灌木层、草本层较矮,林分垂直结构单一。     

长白山不同演替阶段温带森林林下草本植物对乔木幼苗的影响

为了解次生针阔混交林和阔叶红松林林下草本植物对幼苗生长和存活的影响,基于长白山次生针阔混交林样地(Ⅰ)和阔叶红松林样地(Ⅱ),以246个1 m×1 m幼苗样方中乔木幼苗为研究对象,通过去除草本植物的对照试验探究草本植物对乔木幼苗高度生长和存活率的影响。结果表明,(1)群落水平上,草本植物去除有助于林下乔木幼苗的高度生长。次生针阔混交林和阔叶红松林中幼苗高度生长量在除草后较对照组均有显著提高,且阔叶红松林中幼苗高度增长在对照组和处理组中均高于次生针阔混交林。(2)去除草本植物对不同年龄级水平乔木幼苗高度生长影响不同。次生针阔混交林中,去除草本显著促进四年生及以上幼苗高度生长,对一至三年生幼苗影响不显著;阔叶红松中去除草本显著促进一至三年生幼苗高度生长,对四年生及以上幼苗影响不显著。(3)除草处理后,水曲柳幼苗高度生长量在两处样地均显著增加,假色槭幼苗高度增长量只在次生针阔混交林中显著增加,而其他幼苗高度增长量只在阔叶红松林中显著增加。(4)次生针阔混交林中,幼苗存活率与草本多度和物种数呈正相关关系,与草本盖度无相关关系;阔叶红松林中幼苗存活率与草本物种数呈正相关关系,与草本多度和盖度无相...     

气候变化对阔叶红松林不同演替阶段红松种群生产力的影响

本文以长白山地区阔叶红松林不同演替阶段(次生杨桦林、次生针阔混交林、原始红松林)内红松种群作为研究对象,采用树轮学与相对生长式相结合,获取红松种群净初级生产力(NPP)连年生长(1921—2006年)数据以及相对增长率的年际变化数据,建立红松种群NPP与年际和季节性气候因子的关系,分析不同气候时期长白山阔叶红松林不同演替阶段内红松种群NPP年际变化特征及其对气候变化的响应差异.结果表明： 研究期间,不同演替阶段红松种群NPP与气候因子响应关系存在差异.随着温度上升,次生杨桦林红松种群NPP与上年生长季和当年生长季低温由显著负相关关系转变为显著正相关关系;次生针阔混交林红松种群NPP由与当年春季最低温度的正相关关系转变为与上年和当年生长季温度的显著正相关关系,气候因素对次生针阔混交林红松种群NPP影响的滞后效应增强;原始红松林红松种群NPP与温度的相关性减弱,与上年生长季降水量的正相关关系增强.研究区气候变化表现为低温和平均温度显著上升,而最高温度和降水没有明显变化.气候变化有利于提高演替初级阶段次生杨桦林和演替中级阶段次生针阔混交林内红松种群生产力,尤其是次生针阔混交林,而对演替顶极阶段红松种群NPP影响不明显.     

湖南会同楠竹林分结构与生态效应

楠竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)的地下茎具有强大的无性繁殖能力,当楠竹蔓延至针叶林、阔叶林或针阔混交林时,即形成竹针、竹阔和竹针阔混交林。过去,本县竹林绝大部分是混交林,天然的混交林是竹针阔混交林,即楠竹与马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、枫香(Liquidambar formosana)、木荷(Schima superba)及槠栲类(Castanopsis spp.)常绿阔叶树的混交。半天然混交林是竹针混交林,     

长白山原始林红松径向生长及林分碳汇潜力

长白山地处温带针阔混交林的中心地带,其植物生长对气候变化反映较为敏感。运用树木年代学的基本原理与方法,以该区保存完好的地带性顶级群落阔叶红松林为研究对象,探讨了红松(Pinus koraiensis)径向生长对气候变化的响应,以期揭示全球气候变化对阔叶红松林及红松树木生长的影响。以长白山自然保护区北坡为研究地点,建立红松树轮年表,计算年均生物量生长量,与逐月各气候因子进行相关和响应函数分析,以期揭示红松径向生长与气候变化的关系。同时利用多元逐步回归分析方法分别建立了红松树轮指数、年均生物量生长量与主要气候因子的模拟回归方程。主要结论如下:(1)长白山红松年表特征分析表明其生长对气候变化敏感,适用于进行树轮气候学分析;(2)红松径向生长受当年生长季前期温度影响较大;(3)温度是限制红松径向生长的主要因子,气候变暖将促进红松的径向生长;(4)目前林分单位面积地上生物量为310.88t/hm~2,单位面积林分生物量生长量约为5.077t hm~(-2)a~(-1),即每公顷每年固碳约2.539t,表明该地区老龄阔叶红松林仍具有较强的固碳能力。     

摩天岭北坡森林植被垂直带的初步研究

本文对摩天岭北坡森林植被的垂直分布特点进行了初步研究。采用排序的方法,结合对群落生态外貌特点的分析,以及群落所处海拔高度,划分出森林植被垂直带如下：(1)山地常绿落叶阔叶林带,海拔1600m以下;(2)山地落叶阔叶林带,海拔1600—2100m;(3)山地针阔叶混交林带,海拔2100—2900m;(4)亚高山针叶林带,海拔2900—3450m;(5)高山灌丛草甸带,海拔3450m以上。     

最近12000年来青藏高原植被的时空分布

青藏高原 30个点湖泊的孢粉记录综合研究显示 :在进入全新世之前 (12kaBP以前 ) ,除最东南部外 ,高原从东到西均发育为荒漠草原植被。全新世早期 (12 .0 - 9.0kaBP)高原东南部 (10 4° - 98°E)为落叶阔叶林 /针阔叶混交林 ;中部 (98° - 92°E)为草甸或灌丛草甸 ,再向西至 80°E左右为草原植被 ;全新世中期 (9.0 - 3 .2kaBP)高原由东向西古植被依次发育为针阔混交林和硬叶阔叶林 (10 4° - 98°E)→针阔混交林 (98° - 94°E)→灌丛草甸 (94° -92°E)→草原 (92°- 80°E) ;全新世晚期 (3.2kaBP以后 )由东向西古植被依次为硬叶阔叶林→针阔混交林→草甸→草原→荒漠。     

万县市黑熊资源现状及其保护的初探

根据1992年10月至1993年10月万县市黑熊资源专题调查资料,栖息于我市森林中的黑熊约有500头,主要分布在我市北部城口(占44%)、东部的巫溪(占42%)、巫山(占14%)三县低中山的41个林区乡,海拔为1000—2500m的林下植被繁多的常绿阔叶林和针阔混交林中。     

吉林长白山北坡天然林鼠害调查

吉林省长白山北坡天然林是我国重要的红松Pinus koraiensis种源基地,近年鼠害严重。2015年4—6月、9—10月,在阔叶林、针阔混交林、针叶林、暗针叶林及岳桦Betula ermanii林中调查鼠害发生情况,统计危害发生的树种和部位,并在危害发生林型中采用笼捕法和陷阱法调查鼠类的组成。结果表明:1)鼠害主要发生在春季海拔800~1 100 m的针阔混交林;2)受害树种主要为椴树Tilia tuan(3.61%±1.05%)、假色槭Acer pseudo-sieboldianum(3.00%±0.63%)、红松(1.73%±0.31%)、色木槭A.mono(1.28%±0.14%)等重要经济林木,受害部位主要集中于林木基部(58.90%)和裸露根部(37.99%);3)长白山北坡林区春季鼠类捕获率较高,秋季较低;4)捕获的主要鼠种为棕背Myodes rufocanus、朝鲜姬鼠Apodemus peninsulae和红背M.rutilus,陷阱法对棕背的捕获率远高于笼捕法,但对朝鲜姬鼠和红背的捕获率较笼捕法低。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.