国家重点保护野生植物介绍——蝴蝶兰属

<正>蝴蝶兰属（Phalaenopsis）是兰科中最具园艺价值的类群,蝴蝶兰因其色彩艳丽,外形酷似蝴蝶而得名,已培育出很多观赏品种,成为极受人们喜爱的兰花,被誉为“兰花皇后”。基于分子证据的蝴蝶兰属植物研究进展,蝴蝶兰属归并了羽唇兰属。袋距兰属、象鼻兰属、萼脊兰属、湿唇兰属、五唇兰属等属,合并后的蝴蝶兰属全世界共有70种野生种,中国分布有18种,     

蝴蝶兰属植物杂交育种研究进展

对蝴蝶兰属(Phalaenopsis)植物的种质资源, 杂交育种过程中亲本的选择和某些观赏性状的遗传规律、杂交组合登录情况等进行了综述,并且对我国杂交育种中存在的问题进行了探讨,最后结合蝴蝶兰属植物遗传育种现状,就如何加快我国蝴蝶兰属植物杂交育种和新品种培育的进程提出了建议。     

广西蝴蝶兰属(兰科)新资料

报道了中国兰科(Orchidaceae)一新记录种洛氏蝴蝶兰(Phalaenopsis lobbii(Rchb.f.)H.R.Sweet)和广西一新记录种版纳蝴蝶兰(P.mannii Rchb.f.)。根据该2种蝴蝶兰的资源现状,提出了保育对策。     

居室弄蝶：蝴蝶兰的栽培与管理

近几年,蝴蝶兰越来越多地出现在各地的花展和花市上。她的花朵大、色彩绚丽、花姿优雅,花期长达l－2个月,素有“兰花皇后”的美誉。蝴蝶兰（PhaL比＂opshspp）属兰科植物,是“洋兰”的一个类群。其叶互生,表面有蜡质光泽。花茎修长,花朵形如蝴坡,故而得名。人工栽培蝴蝶兰已有一百多年的历史,但由于蝴蝶兰属单茎性兰,只有一个生长点,又不易通过分株来繁殖,在自然条件下,种子难发芽,所以蝴蝶兰显得弥足珍贵。进入本世纪80年代末,蝴蝶兰可以通过生物技术进行大量复制,可以生产出众多性状一致的幼苗,使得工厂化生产蝴蝶兰成为…     

中国蝴蝶兰属(兰科)一新记录(英文)

报道了中国兰科植物一新记录—囊唇蝴蝶兰,并提供描述及照片。本种与麻栗坡蝴蝶兰非常相似,但它的花瓣较短而宽,花序轴呈"Z"型曲折,唇盘中央的胼胝体较小,可以与后者相区别。     

蝴蝶兰EST-SSRs分析

对蝴蝶兰属EST序列进行了SSR分析。蝴蝶兰属EST总长为4.5Mb,含有609个SSR。SSR出现频率7.65%,平均距离7.39kb,平均长度为22.17bp。单碱基、二碱基和三碱基重复是主要重复类型,分别占EST-SSR总数的21.67%、40.39%和33.50%。A、AG和CCG分别是单碱基、二碱基和三碱基重复中主导重复基元,分别占96.21%、58.54%和32.25%。设计引物及检测的结果表明,蝴蝶兰EST-SSR标记对兰科其他属植物具有一定的通用性。     

饮酒可导致睡眠呼吸障碍

蝴蝶兰是世界上栽培最广泛、最普及的洋兰品种之一．素有“洋兰王后”的美称。它以色彩艳丽,品种多样,姿态婀娜博得世人的青睐。蝴蝶兰属单轴型兰花,一生只产生1条主茎和1个生长点,所以普通的营养繁殖只能利用开花后梗节间生出的小莆来实施,严重制约其扩繁速度。蝴蝶兰有性繁殖需经人工授粉才能获得种子、每一荚果中可产生约1万～100万粒种子,     

中国景天属一新亚属——楚雄亚属

经鉴定近年来各单位在西南地区采得的景天属标本,发现采自云南楚雄境内的一号标本,其归属碍于适当安排、因为从蝎尾状聚伞花序和短缩的花梗看,应属于景天亚属(Sedum L.subgen.Sedum),但从蓇葖的直立,而腹面无浅囊状隆起,则又应属于山景天亚属(Sedum L.subgen.Oreades K.T.Fu)。故作者认为将其置于景天属之下,另建立一个新亚属,作为景天亚属向山景天亚属过渡之亚属较为适宜。     

罗汉果属修订及葫芦科二新属

在对广义的罗汉果属进行形态学、解剖学,孢粉学、细胞染色体数目和植物地理学研究的基础 上,进一步对该属作了分类学的修订。 主张将罗汉果属的三个亚属提升为三个属即自兼果属、小球瓜属和罗汉果属。     

栓菌属和它的亲缘属属界划分的研究

栓菌属(Trametes) 自Fries(1835)建立迄今已有近150年的历史。Fries(1835),Patouillard(1900),Kotlaba & Pouzar(1957),的工作代表了对本属研究的三个比较重要的发展阶段。许多分类学家都认为栓菌属是多孔菌科(Polyporaceae,Basidiomycetes)中最混乱、最不易划清属间界限的一个类群。研究清楚这一属和它的亲缘属的属界以及它们之间的相互关系是研究多孔菌科分类中十分重要的课题。作者多年来在研究这一类群的过程中,常常遇到属界不清,它们之间的相互关系也不易搞清楚等问题。从文献中可以看出,有的种类似乎可以随便地从一个属转移到另一个属,正确与否不易确定。因此,感到搞清楚本属的属界是十分重要的。作者即是在这一情况下进行这一课题研究的。首先搞清楚栓菌属的发展历史,各分类学家对它的不同概念,最后提出作者对本属的概念。然后再搞清楚各亲缘属的属界与其相互关系。凡是作者承认的属都提出自己的概念。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.