中华仓鼠卵巢(CHO)工程细胞无血清培养的研究

以DMEM：F12(1：1)为基础培养基,通过观察细胞生长状态和检测乙肝表面抗原的表达量作为评价指标,筛选适合于CHO工程细胞生长的生长因子,如：胰岛素、转铁蛋白、氢化可的松、硒酸钠,丁二胺等。并且建立了J5SFM培养基。该培养基与商品化的无血清培养基比较,能够使细胞生长维持较长的时间,表达产物分泌量也相对较高。     

产尿激酶原CHO工程细胞无血清培基的研究

在分析产尿激酶原CHO工程细胞对培基中氨基酸和糖利用的基础上,对DMEM：F12(1：1)进行初步优化。采用正交实验设计建立了无血清培基11G—SG—SFM和11G—SF—SFM。用11G—SG—SFM悬浮培养11G细胞,细胞增殖速率与含5％小牛血清DMEM: F12或CHO-s-SFM相当。用11G—SE—SFM培养11G细胞,细胞增殖缓慢,但有利于提高11G细胞表达pro—uK的水平,pm—UK的表达水平比含5％小牛血清的DMEM：F12培养提高80％左右。     

利用高通量生物反应器优化一种CHO细胞无血清培养基

研究以DMEM/F12(1:1 V/V)培养基为基础,添加不同添加剂优化一种适宜CHO DG44细胞生长的廉价培养基。以细胞密度和细胞活率为主要指标,对DMEM/F12(1:1 V/V)培养基进行了优化。通过正交试验和单因素试验筛选出了CHO DG44细胞生长的最佳培养基。正交试验结果表明添加8mg/L Insulin、10mg/L Transferrin、12mM Glutamine、9mg/L Ethanolamine、9mg/L Sodium selenite、0.5×Lipids、0.5×Vitamin,对细胞生长有较好促进作用,细胞密度从0.6×106 cells/mL上升到1.8×106 cells/mL。在此基础上添加2.5g/L Malt Peptone和2.5g/L YeastExtract可使细胞密度达到2.65×106 cells/mL,基本上达到商业培养基的培养效果,而成本降低了约60%。     

重组CHO细胞HBsAg 纯化工艺的优化

目的：优化重组CHO细胞HBsAg纯化工艺。方法：由乙肝病毒S基因转化的中国仓鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞培养收液,经初步提纯、密度梯度离心、凝胶过滤层析可得到HBsAg纯品。结果：通过凝胶过滤层析收取HBsAg活性峰,控制HBsAg活性峰的收量,并把HBsAg活性峰的下降段再收集起来重新层析,改进后可使HBsAg的总回收率达到60％以上,而且牛血清蛋白残余量达到10mg/ml以下,HBsAg纯度97％以上。结论：重组CHO细胞HBsAg纯化工艺改进后,使HBsAg在产量及质量上均有明显提高。     

牛血清在百日咳毒素CHO细胞簇聚试验中的影响

目的观察不同胎牛血清对百日咳毒素在中华仓鼠卵巢细胞(Chinese hamster ovary cell,CHO)细胞簇聚试验中的影响。方法分别用两个厂家共6批次的牛血清培养CHO细胞,连续传3代后进行细胞簇聚试验,观察添加PT阳性对照、纯化PT、脱毒PT后其细胞的簇聚效果。结果 1、2号牛血清培养的CHO细胞生长缓慢,3~6号牛血清培养的CHO细胞生长正常。质量浓度16 ng/m L的PT阳性对照和纯化PT均未引起1~2号CHO细胞簇聚;3~6号牛血清培养的CHO细胞PT阳性对照判定终点分别为2、1、16、4 ng/m L,其纯化PT判定终点分别为1、0.5、8、2 ng/m L;脱毒PT质量浓度为40μg/m L时,1、2、5号牛血清培养的CHO不簇聚,而3、4、6号牛血清培养的CHO细胞脱毒PT判定终点分别为10、5、20μg/m L。结论 6种牛血清培养的CHO细胞簇聚程度存在差异,其中以4号牛血清培养的CHO细胞对PT阳性对照、纯化PT和脱毒PT最为敏感。需筛选对簇聚试验敏感度高的牛血清用于百日咳毒素CHO细胞簇集试验。     

CHO—C28细胞收集液中乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原收率的研究

用CHO-C28细胞表达乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)生产基因工程乙肝疫苗,其产量受到CHO-C28细胞表达外源基因量的影响.本文通过CHO-C28细胞连续培养过程中表达(HBsAg)的参数、纯化过程中硫酸铵(A·S)饱和度、细胞收集液放置时间三个因素对RPHA滴度影响的研究结果表明细胞收集液以45%饱和度的A·S沉淀HBsAg能获得较高的HBsAg收率,细胞收集液4℃放置时间不宜超过15 d,RPHA滴度在132～1128之间的细胞收集液均可进入纯化流程进行纯化.     

用于重组蛋白药物生产的CHO细胞无血清培养基的研究进展

哺乳动物表达系统因其具有类似于人源化细胞的翻译后修饰方式,已经成为重组蛋白药物生产的主要表达系统.中国仓鼠卵巢(Chinese hamster ovary, CHO)细胞是生产重组蛋白的理想哺乳动物细胞宿主,目前近70％批准上市的重组蛋白药物是由CHO细胞生产的.常规细胞培养所用的培养基需要补充血清才能正常生长,但血清...     

CHO细胞表达系统研究新进展

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅ Ｈａｍｓｔｅｒ Ｏｖａｒｙ Ｃｅｌｌ）是上前重组糖基蛋白生产首选体系。本文综述近几年该系统在生产基因工程药物方面的研究进展、存在问题和发展方向。     

CHO细胞法检测百日咳毒素毒性的影响因素

目的考察不同培养基、不同牛血清、血清灭活与否及生产过程中添加的各外源物质对百日咳毒素(pertussis toxin, PT)在中华仓鼠卵巢细胞(chinese hamster ovary cell, CHO)簇集试验中的影响。方法分别使用3种培养基F-12K、DMEM/F12和1640培养CHO细胞,并进行CHO细胞簇集试验,观察细胞生长状态及PT引起细胞簇集的敏感性;分别选取2个厂家的牛血清(对2种血清进行灭活和不灭活处理)培养CHO细胞,观察4种牛血清对细胞生长及簇集的影响;选用生产过程中添加的物质进行CHO细胞簇集试验,观察细胞生长状态及是否出现簇集,确定不影响细胞生长的最高浓度,同时使用不影响细胞生长的各添加物质最高浓度进行小鼠组胺致敏试验,观察与CHO细胞簇集试验结果是否一致。结果 3种培养基对CHO细胞生长及CHO细胞簇集存在明显差异,F-12K培养基培养的细胞形态规则、典型,其他2种培养基培养的细胞生长缓慢,且对PT的敏感性均低于F-12K培养基;4种牛血清中胎牛血清培养的细胞生长最快且形态规则,簇集试验敏感性优于其他3组血清;添加的各外源物质均会导致细胞生长缓慢或死亡,在稀释至一定浓度后可以排除添加物质对CHO细胞簇集试验的影响,同时在小鼠组胺致敏试验中不会引起动物死亡。结论 F-12K培养基最适宜实验室CHO细胞生长,不同血清对细胞生长和簇集的敏感度有一定差异,添加的外源物质残留量应进行控制以保证试验结果的稳定可靠。     

Vero细胞微载体培养的化学成分明确无血清培养基的设计

目的：设计适用于Vero细胞微载体培养的化学成分明确无血清培养基。方法：以商品化的DMEM／F12合成培养基为基础培养基,应用Plackett—Burman实验设计和响应面分析法设计支持Vero细胞微载体培养的化学成分明确无血清培养基。结果：以细胞密度为评价指标,在单因素实验的基础上采用Plackett-Burman实验设计考察10种培养基添加成分对Vero细胞生长的影响,确定了3种对Vero细胞生长起明显促进作用的培养基添加成分,为胰岛素、血清素和腐胺。继而利用响应面法分析了这3种添加成分的最佳水平范围,设计了一种支持Vero细胞贴附培养的无血清培养基（VERO—SFM—A）。在Bellco搅拌式培养瓶中采用VERO-SFM．A和Cytodex1微载体培养Vero细胞,细胞密度由接种时的4×10^5cells／ml增加到培养6d后的22．3×10^cells／ml,细胞活力保持在96％以上。结论：VERO—SFM—A能够有效地支持Vero细胞在微载体表面固定化生长并达到较高的细胞密度,具有实际应用于Vero细胞微载体规模化培养的应用潜力。     

Design of serum-free medium for suspension culture of CHO cells on the basis of general commercial media

The design of serum-free media for suspension culture of genetically engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using general commercial media as a basis was investigated. Subcultivation using a commercial serum-free medium containing insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 with or without FCS necessitated additives other than IGF-1 to compensate for the lack of FCS and improve cell growth. Suspension culture with media containing several combinations of growth factors suggested the effectiveness of addition of both IGF-1 and the lipid signaling molecule lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) for promoting cell growth. Subcultivation of CHO cells in suspension culture using the commercial serum-free medium EX-CELL™302, which contained an IGF-1 analog, supplemented with LPA resulted in gradually increasing specific growth rate comparable to the serum-containing medium and in almost the same high antibody production regardless of the number of generations. The culture with EX-CELL™302 supplemented with LPA in a jar fermentor with pH control at 6.9 showed an apparently higher cell growth rate than the cultures without pH control and with pH control at 6.8. The cell growth in the medium supplemented with aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), which was much cheaper than IGF-1, in combination with LPA was synergistically promoted similarly to that in the medium supplemented with IGF-1 and LPA. In conclusion, the serum-free medium designed on the basis of general commercial media could support the growth of CHO cells and antibody production comparable to serum-containing medium in suspension culture. Moreover, the possibility of cost reduction by the substitution of IGF-1 with ATA was also shown.     

Calnexin overexpression sensitizes recombinant CHO cells to apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate treatment

Sodium butyrate (NaBu) can enhance the expression of foreign genes in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells, but it can also inhibit cell growth and induce cellular apoptosis. In this study, the potential role of calnexin (Cnx) expression in rCHO cells treated with 5 mM NaBu was investigated for rCHO cells producing tumor necrosis factor receptor FC. To regulate the Cnx expression level, a tetracycline-inducible system was used. Clones with different Cnx expression levels were selected and investigated. With regard to productivity per cell (q_p), NaBu enhanced the q_p by over twofold. Under NaBu treatment, Cnx overexpression further enhanced the q_p by about 1.7-fold. However, under NaBu stress, the cells overexpressing Cnx showed a poorer viability profile with a consistent difference of over 25% in the viability when compared to the Cnx-repressed condition. This drop in the viability was attributed to increased apoptosis seen in these cells as evidenced by enhanced poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and cytochrome C release. Ca²⁺ localization staining and subsequent confocal imaging revealed elevated cytosolic Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_c) in the Cnx-overexpressing cells when compared to the Cnx-repressed condition, thus endorsing the increased apoptosis observed in these cells. Taken together, Cnx overexpression not only improved the q_p of cells treated with NaBu, but it also sensitized cells to apoptosis.     

Expression of Porcine Growth Hormone Gene in CHO Cell

ＥｘｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＰｏｒｃｉｎｅＧｒｏｗｔｈＨｏｒｍｏｎｅＧｅｎｅｉｎＣＨＯＣｅｌｌＣＨＥＮＱｉｎｇ－ｘｕａｎ（陈清轩）;ＨＥＸｉｎ（何新）;ＤＥＮＧＨｕｉ－ｎａｎ（邓辉南）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｌＢｉｏｌｏｇｙ,Ａｃ...     

Methyl mercury uptake and associations with the induction of chromosomal aberrations in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells

In order to evaluate possible health effects of environmental exposure of humans towards methyl mercury species, relevant exposure experiments using methyl mercury chloride in aqueous solution and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were performed. The solution was monitored for the presence of monomethyl, dimethyl and elemental mercury by several analytical techniques including chromatographic as well as atomic absorption and mass spectrometric methods. Methyl mercury induces structural chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in CHO cells. At a concentration of methyl mercury in the culture medium of 1.0 x 10(-6) M where the frequencies of CA and SCE are significantly elevated, the intracellular concentration was 1.99 x 10(-16) mol/cell. Possible biochemical processes leading to the cytogenetic effects are discussed together with toxicological consequences, when humans (e.g. workers at waste deposits) are exposed to environmental concentrations of methyl mercury.     

In vitro uptake of glutamate in GLAST-and GLT-1-transfected mutant CHO-K1 cells is inhibited by the ethylmercury-containing preservative thimerosal

Thimerosal, also known as thimersal, Merthrolate, or sodiumethyl-mercurithiosalicylate, is an organic mercurial compound that is used in a variety of commercial as well as biomedical applications. As a preservative, it is used in a number of vaccines and pharmaceutical products. Its active ingredient is ethylmercury. Both inorganic and organic mercurials are known to interfere with glutamate homeostasis. Brain glutamate is removed mainly by astrocytes from the extracellular fluid via high-affinity astroglial Na⁺-dependent excitatory amino acid transporters, glutamate/ aspartats transporter (GLAST) and glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1). The effects of thimerosal on glutamate homeostasis have yet to be determined. As a first step in this process, we examined the effects of thimerosal on the transport of [³H]-D-aspartate, a nonmetabolizable glutamate analog, in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with two glutamate transporter subtypes, GLAST (EAAT1) and GLT-1 (EAAT2). Additionally, studies were undertaken to determine the effects of thimerosal on mRNA and protein levels of these transporters. The results indicate that thimerosal treatment caused significant but selective changes in both glutamate transporter mRNA and protein expression in CHO cells. Thimerosal-mediated inhibition of glutamate transport in the CHO-K1 cell line DdB7 was more pronounced in the GLT-1-transfected cells compared with the GLAST-transfected cells. These studies suggest that thimerosal accumulation in the central nervous system might contribute to dysregulation of glutamate homeostasis.     

CHO细胞表达系统启动子

中国仓鼠卵巢（Chinese hamsters ovary,CHO）细胞是目前重组蛋白质生产的首选宿主细胞。利用CHO细胞生产重组蛋白质,启动子是启动转基因转录的关键。核心启动子是RNA聚合酶与转录起始复合物集合的部位,分为集中型和分散型两种类型。目前,CHO细胞常用的启动子为病毒启动子、异源启动子、内源性和诱导性启动子等。也可以利用合成生物学及相关的数据库,人工设计合成启动子及鉴定新型启动子。本文综述了CHO细胞常用的启动子以及人工设计的合成启动子在CHO细胞中重组蛋白质表达方面的进展,为哺乳动物细胞选择合适的启动子,保证蛋白质表达量最大化,并确保长时间表达稳定性提供参考。     

CHO细胞表达系统启动子

中国仓鼠卵巢（Chinese hamsters ovary,CHO）细胞是目前重组蛋白质生产的首选宿主细胞。利用CHO细胞生产重组蛋白质,启动子是启动转基因转录的关键。核心启动子是RNA聚合酶与转录起始复合物集合的部位,分为集中型和分散型两种类型。目前,CHO细胞常用的启动子为病毒启动子、异源启动子、内源性和诱导性启动子等。也可以利用合成生物学及相关的数据库,人工设计合成启动子及鉴定新型启动子。本文综述了CHO细胞常用的启动子以及人工设计的合成启动子在CHO细胞中重组蛋白质表达方面的进展,为哺乳动物细胞选择合适的启动子,保证蛋白质表达量最大化,并确保长时间表达稳定性提供参考。