RAPD分析在绢丝昆虫亲缘关系研究中的应用Ⅱ.柞蚕品种间的遗传差异

采用RAPD技术,对5个柞蚕品种的遗传差异进行比较研究.结果表明,所采用的40个随机引物中,有27个引物扩增谱带清晰且重复性较好,扩增总片段数253条,单个引物的扩增片段数在4～16之间,片段大小在0.33～3.0kb之间.不同柞蚕品种间的遗传差异较小,遗传距离(D)在0.066～0.1659之间,根据D值,由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的分子进化树。 Abstract:Random amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze the genetic diversity among Antheraea pernyi.The genetic variance of five Antheraea pernyi was studied.The result showed that:27 of 40 arbitrary primers could amplify clear and repeating bands.A total of 262 fragments were obtained.Each primer gave 4~16 bands and the average was 9.7.The length of the band was 0.33~3.0kb.The D value between different breeds of Antheraea pernyi was 0.066~0.1659.The D value was used to construct a dendrogram by UPGMA.     

五种绢丝昆虫随机扩增多态性DNA分析

本文对家蚕、野桑蚕、蓖麻蚕、柞蚕和天蚕等5种绢丝昆虫进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析。40个引物中有27个引物能扩增出536个清晰且重复性强的条带,其中可变条带数为520个,单个引物扩增的条带数在11～28之间,平均为19.9,各片段分子量大小在0.29～2.67kb之间。每个样本都能找出其独特的分子标记。家蚕与野桑蚕的遗传距离(D)最小,为0.3760;家蚕与蓖麻蚕的遗传距离(D)最大,为0.7488。根据遗传距离,用UPGMA聚类分析方法构建了它们的分子树。 Abstract：Five species of silk insects including Bombyx mori, B. manolarina, Philosamia cynthia, Autheraea pernyi and A. yamamai were analyzed by RAPD method using 40 arbitrary primers. In these primers, 27 of them could amplify clear and repeating bands. 536 fragments were obtained and the variable bands were 520. Each primer gave 11～28 bands and the average was 19.9. The length of the fragments is 0.29～2.67 kb. Some distinctive bands were found in every species. The genetic distance(D) between bombyx mori and B. manolarina is 0.3760, which is the lowest. The highest D value is 0.7488, which between Bombyx mori and Philosamia cynhia. The D value was then used to construct a dendrogram by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages(UPGMA).     

RAPD分析在绢丝昆虫亲缘关系研究中的应用Ⅰ.蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传差异

用RAPD技术对蓖麻蚕基因组DNA进行多态性研究，分析了5个蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传差异。结果表明，所采用的40个随机引物中，有27个引物扩增谱带清晰且重复性较好，扩增总片段数达243个，单个引物的扩增片段数在4～17之间，平均为9条，片段大小在033～30kb之间。不同蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传距离(Ｄ)在00683～01603之间，根据Ｄ值，由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的聚类分子树。     

条纹斑竹鲨基因组的RAPD分析初报

采用11种随机引物对4 条条纹斑竹鲨基因组进行了RAPD检测。结果表明, 11种引物在每条个体上扩增的 DNA片段总数在77～84之间, 单个随机引物扩增的DNA片段数目由1至11条不等,平均为7.5条 DNA 片段, 片段的大小在 300～2 800bp之间。个体之间的相似率在90％以上。 Abstracts　4 individuals of Chiloscyllium plagiosum were analyzed by RAPD method using 11 arbitrary primers. For the 11 arbitrary primers, each individual showed 77～84 bands corresponding to amplified products. Each primer gave 1～11 bands for each individual. On average, about 7.5 bands were obtained per primer per individual. The length of the fragment is 300～2 800 bp. The similarity between band profiles of the four individuals was over 90％.     

用RAPD分子标志方法研究氧化亚铁硫杆菌遗传多样性

本文对采自7个不同环境的氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行了随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分析,20个引物中筛选出扩增效果较好的4个引物,每个引物能产生1~9条DNA条带。通过4个引物的RAPD分析获得的平均相似性系数表明不同来源的菌之间的相关系数在44%~83%之间。 Abstract:Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was used in analyzing the polymorphisms of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans from seven different places.Of the 20 primers,four could generate reproducible RAPD profiles,and each one produced 1~9 bands.The similarity coefficients obtained from profiles generated by four primers among Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans were about 44%~83%.     

野生与笼养绿孔雀种群的随机扩增多态DNA研究

利用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）技术对野生14只和笼养18只绿孔雀（Pavo muticus）个体进行了种群遗传多样性分析。用23个随机引物,野生与笼养绿孔雀分别获得161和166个扩增片段,计算发现野生与笼养绿孔雀的种群内平均相对遗传距离分别是0.0555和0.1355,两种群间的为0.1635;两种群的Shannon多样性指数平均分别是0.4348和1.0163,有显著性差异。以上分析都显示野生绿孔雀的遗传多样性很低。用UPGMA法聚类显示两个种群都是分别来源于两个家系,可据此进行繁育管理。 Abstract:Random-amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) was used to investigate the genetic diversity of the population of 14 wild green peafowl and 18 captive green peafowl(pavo muticus).Total of 161 and 166 bands were obtained respectively,and 23 random primers were used to amplify the genomic DNA of the wild and captive green peafowls.The average relative hereditary distance of the wild and captive green peafowls is 0.0555 and 0.1355 respectively;and the Shannon diversity index is 0.4348 and 1.0163 respectively.There is a prominent differentia between the two populations by T-Test of HO.All the analyses above show that the genetic diversity is very low in wild green peafowl.It tells us that the two populations come from two families by using UPGMA,which can be useful in the breeding management in the future.     

6个中外猪品种的RAPD分析

应用RAPD技术分析了梅山猪、淮南猪、通城猪、八眉猪、合作猪、大白猪的遗传变异。用276个随机引物对6个猪种混合DNA扩增筛选,24个引物产生多态性。此24个引物经重新优化反应条件体系后,对276个个体DNA进行扩增。结果6个猪种的遗传多样性指数分别为0.178672、0.17781、0.15995、0.14549、0.16949和0.14157,群体内平均遗传多样性指数为0.16216,总群体遗传多样性指数为0.2534。基于Rogers公式计算的遗传距离采用NJ和UPGMA法进行聚类分析,结果6个猪种的亲缘关系与它们的地理分布基本一致。 Abstract:The genetic variation of Meishan,Huainan,Tongcheng,Bamei,Hezuo and Largewhite pigs were analyzed by RAPD markers.Twenty-four single polymorphic primers were selected out of 276 primers by amplifying six pool DNA.The index of Shannon were 0.178672,0.17781,0.15995,0.14549,0.16949,0.14159 respectively;Hpop was 0.16216,Hsp was 0.2534.The phylogenetic tree was constructed using NJ and UPGMA.The results indicated that the phenylogenetic relationship of the six pig breeds was consistent with their distribution.     

蓖麻蚕DNA导入家蚕引起遗传变异的研究-基因组DNA的RAPD检测

借助于精子介导,在家蚕受精的过程中将蓖麻蚕DNA转入家蚕卵内,从它们后代获得了新的变异品系。本文采用RAPD技术对这些品系基因组DNA进行了分析。结果表明,所用50种10mer随机引物中有49个检测出DNA的多态性,统计分析图谱中各类扩增带,其中变异品系与其相应受体的差异带占其总带数的26-37%,提示外源DNA导入受体后引起后代基因组的显著变异,并对这些变异的意义了讨论。 Abstract:With the aid of domesticated silkworm sperms,eri silkworm DNA was transferred into domesticated silkworm eggs during insemination,and variant strains were obtained from the progenies.Genomes of three new strains were analyzed using RAPD assay.Polymorphic fingerprints were obtained from 49 out of 50 primers.Different kinds of amplified bands in RAPD patterns were calculated and analyzed,the variant bands between variants and their recipients counted for 26~37% of the total bands of each variant.The results indicated that exogenous DNA introduced into recipients induced remarkable variation in progeny genomes.The significance of the variation was discussed.     

Identification and Assessing the Cultivars of Laminaria Lamx. （Phaeophyceae） with Molecular Markers

Molecular markers were used to identify and assess cultivars ofLaminaria Lamx. and to delineate their phylogenetic relationships. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used for detection. After screening, 11 primers were selected and they yielded 133 bands in all, of which approximately 99.2% were polymorphic. The genetic distances between gametophytes ranged from 0.412 to 0.956.Two clusters were formed with the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram based on the simple matching coefficient. All cultivars ofLaminariajaponica Aresch. used for breeding in China fell into one cluster. L.japonica from Japan, L. saccharina (L.) Lam., and L. angustata Kjellm.formed the other cluster and showed higher genetic variation than L. japonica from China. Nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequences, including internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) were studied and aligned. The nucleotides of the sequences ranged from 634 to 668, with a total of 692 positions including ITS1, ITS2, and the 5.8S coding region. The phylogenetic tree obtained by the neighbor-joining method favored, to some extent, the results revealed by RAPD analysis. The present study indicates that RAPD and ITS analyses could be used to identify and assess Laminaria germplasm and to distinguish some species and, even intraspecies, in Laminaria.     

采用RAPD标记探讨瓣蕊唐松草(毛茛科唐松草属)的遗传多样性及其地理分布格局(英文)

Random amplified polymerphic DNA(RAPD)method was applied to assessg enetic variation and population structure of Thahctrum petalotdeum L(Ranunoulaceae),Two hundred and forty-six individuals from 11 populations of the species were investigated by RAPD profiles Twenty selected RAPD primers generated 125 bands．in which 120 were polymorphic Ther esults revealed a high level of genetic variation(ercentage of polymorphIc bands(PPB was 96％．Nei’s gene diversity(りwas 03502 and shannon’s information index(I) was 0．5199 at the species level) The differentiation among the populations was high(Gst=0．3511)in this species．Result of analyzing of molecularvariance(AMOVA)showedthat38．88％of genetic variance was found among the populations Positive correlation withr r=01945(P=00002)was found between genetic distance and geographic distance amongpo pulations Two populations distributed in the drainage basin of YanELz River affined genedcally and formed one clada and the rest nine populations formed the other clade in both unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average(UPGMA)trees made by two different method different methods. It was yen/clear that these two populations were very special, andmust be closely related in history, despite the fact that they now share quite weak link to the restpopulations through gene communication.     

RAPD分析在绢丝昆虫亲缘关系研究中的应用：Ⅱ．柞蚕品种间的遗传差异

采用RAPD技术,对5个柞蚕品种的遗传差异进行比较研究,结果表明,所采用40个随机引物中,有27个引物扩增谱清晰且重复性较好,扩增总片段数253条,单个引物的扩增片段数在4－16之间,片段大小在0．33－3．0kb之间。不同柞蚕品种间的遗传差异较小,遗传距离（D）在0．066－0．1659之间,根据D值,由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了它们的分子进化树。     

不同地域银杏大蚕蛾的遗传多样性

银杏大蚕蛾Dictyoploca japonica Moore是一种重要的林业害虫,近年来在我国局部地区暴发且有逐步蔓延的趋势。利用ISSR技术对10个不同地域的银杏大蚕蛾的基因组DNA进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:所采用的35个随机引物中,有20个引物扩增出清晰且重复性好的条带,扩增总片断数为299条,其中有250个位点具有多态性,多态性位点比率为83·61%,不同地域银杏大蚕蛾间的遗传距离(D)在0·2315~0·4147之间。根据D值,由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了分子进化树,发现不同地域银杏大蚕蛾已发生种群分化。     

用扩增片段的长度多态性分子标记探讨盾叶薯蓣的遗传多样性

用扩增片段的长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)标记分析研究了中国5个盾叶薯蓣居群30个个体的遗传多样性。筛选出9对AFLP引物,从中检测到14698条清晰可见的条带,其中多态性带12628条,多态性比率85.92%。Shannon信息指数(I)为0.3656±0.1721,物种水平的Nei基因多样性(H)为0.2322±0.2200。遗传变异分析表明,物种水平的遗传分化系数Gst为0.4827,说明其群体间存在一定的遗传分化,居群间的基因流Nm为0.5358,居群间遗传交换较小。聚类分析结果显示5个居群盾叶薯蓣有较为丰富的遗传变异,且与地理分布有相关性。     

鸭茅种质资源遗传多样性的ISSR研究

采用ISSR分子标记技术对来自国内及亚洲、欧洲、美洲9个国家共50份鸭茅品种(系)进行遗传多样性研究。12个引物共扩增出多态性带101条, 平均每个引物扩增的多态带数为8.41条, 多态性条带比率(PPB)为86.3%, 材料间遗传相似系数范围在0.6116到0.9290间。这说明鸭茅具有较丰富的遗传多样性。根据研究结果进行了聚类分析和主成分分析, 可将50份鸭茅材料分为5大类, 来自于相同洲的鸭茅能聚在一类, 中国和美国的鸭茅品种(系)能分别聚在同一类, 呈现出一定的地域性分布规律。并对鸭茅种质资源的收集保存提出建议。     

湖南省汉族人群15个STR基因座多态性分析

应用美国AmpFISTR Indentifiler荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒,结合PE9700型PCR仪和美国ABI公司310型遗传分析仪,对湖南汉族人群D8S1179、D21S11、D7S820、CSF1PO、D3S1358、TH01、D13S317、D16S539、D2S1338、D19S433、vWA、TPOX、D18S51、D5S818和FGA共15个STR基因座进行多态性调查分析．结果显示15个STR基因座的基因型分布符合Hardy．Weinberg平衡。其杂合度（H）介于0．593～0．900,多态信息含量（PIC）介于O．54～0．85,个体识别力（DP）介于0．780～0．963,非父排除率（PE）介于0．282～0．785,累计个体识别力为（1～1．6×10^-17）〉0．99999999。累计非父排除率为0．9999995．证明15个STR基因座在湖南省汉族人群中具有较高的多态性。可应用于该地区群体学研究、法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定等．     

中国西南区扁穗牛鞭草种质遗传多样性的SRAP分析

本研究采用SRAP标记对主要来自中国西南地区(四川,重庆,贵州和云南)的43份扁穗牛鞭草种质资源的遗传多样性进行了分析。试验筛选出了11对引物组合对43份供试材料进行扩增,共获得153条带,其中多态性条带140条,多态性条带比率为91.50%,平均每对引物扩增出条带13.91,多态性条带12.73。实验数据结果表明,43份扁穗牛鞭草材料间的遗传相似系数(GS)为0.565～0.992,平均值为0.723,表现出了丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,各供试材料间的聚类与其地理来源以及形态特征类型具有一定的相关性。同时,主成分分析结果能够直观的反映了各种质间的遗传关系。5个扁穗牛鞭草地理类群间的分子方差分析(AMOVA)揭示了供试的扁穗牛鞭草总遗传变异的85.99%存在于类群内,仅有14.01%的变异存在于类群之间,类群间的分化系数ΦST=0.140。本研究结果为扁穗牛鞭草种质的收集、利用及育种提供了理论依据。     

黄独遗传多样性研究

采用ISSR标记技术研究了我国14个黄独样品的遗传多样性.从55条简单重复序列引物中筛选出9条多态性引物,共扩增出70条带,其中67条多态性带,多态性比率为95.71%,平均每条引物扩增出7.8条带.黄独原变种内Nei s基因多样性(h)为0.294 9,有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.491 1,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.444 8.种水平h为0.326 3,Ne为1.552 9,I为0.488 3.基因分化系数(Gst)为0.782 1,基因流(Nm)为0.139 3.聚类分析表明来自海南省和台湾省的样品与我国内陆的样品较早分离.据此可将来自我国内陆的样品分为5组.ISSR聚类分析基本上支持依据形态特征对黄独变种的划分.同时实验结果也表明,云南可能是黄独在我国的分化中心.     

水稻品种多样性遗传分析与稻瘟病控制

以2个籼型杂交稻——汕优63(A)和汕优22(B)、2个地方糯稻品种——黄壳糯(C)和紫糯(D)和3个粳稻品种——合系41(E)、楚粳12(F)和8126(G)为材料进行抗病基因同源序列(Resistance Gene Analogue,RGA)遗传分析。结果表明,杂交稻品种间以及粳稻品种间的抗性遗传较为相似,其相似系数分别为0．86和0．84。糯稻品种间以及糯稻、杂交稻和粳稻间的抗性遗传差异较大,相似系数为0．45。聚类分析表明,RGA结果与品种的系谱来源相吻合,与品种的田间抗性基本一致。根据品种的抗性遗传差异、农艺性状和经济性状的不同,在云南籼稻区的建水和石屏县以及温暖粳稻区的泸西县分别选用5种(A／C、A／D、B／C、B／D和A／B)和2种(E／C和E／F／G)不同的品种组合进行品种多样性混合间栽控制稻瘟病田间试验,结果表明,抗性遗传差异大(相似性：0．45～0．77)的5个品种混合间栽组合对稻瘟病有极为显著的控制效果,尤其是在混合间栽中高度感病的优质地方稻品种稻瘟病的发病率、病情指数均有极显著的下降,防治效果达54．47％～92．18％;遗传差异较小(相似性：0．84～0．90)的2个混栽组合混栽对稻瘟病的控制效果不明显,稻瘟病的防治效果在15．12％～25．54％。此外,品种抗性遗传和株高差异大的品种组合具有显著的增产效果,与品种净栽相比,平均增产539．0～900．0kg／ha,增幅5．57％-10．38％;品种抗性遗传和株高相似的品种组合没有增产效果。     

Genetic variation of the genus Kengyilia by ISSR markers

We investigated the genetic variation within 32 accessions distributed to 14 species and one variety by using ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) markers.The results showed that genetic variation was relatively higher among the accessions.A total of 593 bands were amplified by 12 ISSR primers,of which 535 bands (90.2%) were polymorphic.Eleven to 80 polymorphie bands were amplified from each prime,with an average of 44.6 bands.The interspecies GS (genetic similarity)value ranged from 0.430 to 0.866,and the average was 0.620.Cluster analysis showed that all accessions could be classified into 4 groups by ISSR markers.The different accessions in a species were clustered together,but they had genetic variation in molecular levels.There was obvious interspecies genetic variation.Species with similar morphological characteristics and from the same areas or neighboring geographical regions were clustered together and had close relationships.ISSR markers are useful in analyzing interspecies variation in Kengyilia.