构树化学成分研究

通过硅胶、ODS、SephadexLH20反复柱层析、纯化,从构树的乙醇提取物中分离得到9个化合物,利用波谱方法分离鉴定为胡萝卜苷(1),槲皮素(quercetin,2),双氢槲皮素(dihydroquercetin,3),butein4methylester(4),甘草素(liquiritigenin,5),异甘草素(isoliquiritigenin,6),异甘草黄酮醇(isolicoflavonol,7),butyrospermylacetate(8)和( )marmesin(9)。其中,化合物1～5均为首次从构树中分离得到。     

构树皮中三萜类化学成分

对构树皮的化学成分进行进一步研究,通过反复硅胶柱层析从构树皮乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位中分离得到六个三萜成分,利用波谱技术及理化性质鉴定其化学结构分别为3β-乙酰氧基-甘遂-7-烯-24S,25二醇(1),3β-乙酰氧基-7,23-甘遂二烯-25-醇(2),羽扇豆醇(3),α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(4),3β,25-二羟基-7,23-甘遂二烯(5)和β-香树脂醇(6)。其中化合物1为新的甘遂烷型三萜,化合物2～5为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

构树种子化学成分研究

对构树种子的脂肪油、氨基酸、矿质元素进行分析,结果表明:种子含脂肪油40.18%,主要成分为:亚油酸(85.42%)、油酸(4.29%)、棕榈酸(7.35%)、亚麻酸(0.98%)等。此外,还含有17种氨基酸和24种矿质元素。     

构树剥皮再生的研究

构树[Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)Vent.]在芽展开后的整个生长季节中,其茎部经过大面积环剥,都能再生新皮,环剥后初期,愈伤组织都由近暴露面的射线细胞产生,稍后,其它未成熟木质部细胞也参加愈伤组织的形成,这些愈伤组织一般在靠近表面处都可发生木栓形成层,而在里面近中间处发生维管形成层,新发生的维管形成层正常地向外分化出韧皮部,内分化出木质部,不过,在5月下旬至8月上旬剥皮的,由于气温较高,膜内湿度较大,在包裹塑料薄膜期间,新产生的周皮表面往往出现不断分离的疏松层,待揭去塑料薄膜后,才可迅速形成正常的周皮。     

构树剥皮再生的研究

构树[Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)Vent.]在芽展开后的整个生长季节中,其茎部经过大面积环剥,都能再生新皮,环剥后初期,愈伤组织都由近暴露面的射线细胞产生,稍后,其它未成熟木质部细胞也参加愈伤组织的形成,这些愈伤组织一般在靠近表面处都可发生木栓形成层,而在里面近中间处发生维管形成层,新发生的维管形成层正常地向外分化出韧皮部,内分化出木质部,不过,在5月下旬至8月上旬剥皮的,由于气温较高,膜内湿度较大,在包裹塑料薄膜期间,新产生的周皮表面往往出现不断分离的疏松层,待揭去塑料薄膜后,才可迅速形成正常的周皮。     

木荷茎皮化学成分研究

综合使用硅胶柱色谱、HP20大孔树脂柱色谱、ODS反相柱色谱及Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等色谱技术对木荷(Schima superba)茎皮进行分离纯化,并根据化合物理化性质以及应用MS、NMR技术对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。从木荷中分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为三十烷酸(1)、棕榈酸(2)、Dodecanoic acid(3)、松脂素(4)、槲皮素(5)、山柰酚(6)、Americanin A(7)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(8)及槲皮素-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9)。化合物1～4 为首次从木荷中分离得到,化合物5、7、9 为首次从木荷属植物中分离得到。     

构树聚花果及其果实原汁营养成分的研究

对构树聚花果的营养成分进行分析,结果表明,其果实含有丰富的营养物质,氨基酸,糖类,矿质元素等成分,其果实原汁含有丰富的可溶性糖类,蛋白质,氨基酸,维生素等营养成分,此外,种子含有丰富的脂肪油（40．28％）,其脂肪油中人体必需的脂肪酸亚油酸的含量达（85．42）,其聚花果,果实原汁,种子油具有开发利用的价值。     

荔枝皮化学成分的研究(Ⅰ)

采用 Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel CHP 20P 和 Toyopearl Butly-650C 等柱色谱,反复对80％乙醇荔枝皮提取物进行分离、纯化,得到7个多酚类化合物。根据波谱分析以及文献数据对比,分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲酸(1)、原儿茶酸(2)、(＋)儿茶素(3)、(-)表儿茶素(4)、原花青素 A2(5)、aesculitannin A(6)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)。除5以外的化合物均为首次从荔枝果皮中分离得到。     

Studies on Regeneration after Girdling of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent

The trunk of Broussonetia payrifera (L.) Vent. following an extensive length of completegirdling could regenerate new bark in the entire growing season after bud-sprouting. Severaldays after girdling, most of ray cells near the surface dilated and proliferated outward to formcallus. Then, other immature xylem cells rehabilitated the ability of cell division and tookpart in the formation of callus Later, a cork cambium developed near the surface of thecallus and a cambium near the middle part of the callus. The newly formed cambium cannormally produce phloem outward and xylem inward. However, when the girdled trunk waswrapped up with a transparent plastic shee during the growing period from late May to earlyAugust causing high temperature and humidity inside the wrapping sheet, the surface of peridem often produced loose sloughy cell layers that could regain it’s normal structure after unwrapping the sheet.     

构树雌雄株叶片解剖结构特征的比较研究

为了研究雌雄异株植物构树（Broussonetia papyrifera（L.） Vent.）的性别差异,以其叶片为材料,采用石蜡切片法,对其主要解剖结构特征进行观察和比较。结果显示：（1）构树雌、雄株叶片解剖结构组成一致,均由表皮、叶肉组织和叶脉3部分组成。其上、下表皮均由一层细胞构成,具有较厚的角质层及丰富的表皮毛,叶肉中栅栏组织高度发达,此外,维管系统在叶中所占比例很大;（2）构树雌、雄株叶片细胞大小及厚度在各类型组织间存在一定差异,雄株叶片上表皮厚度、栅栏组织厚度、主脉维管束木质部厚度及维管束厚度均显著大于雌株叶片,且在栅海比、组织结构紧密度、组织结构疏松度和主脉维管束木质部面积占维管束的比例等方面也与雌株有极显著差异。研究结果表明构树叶片的解剖结构不仅具有旱生植物叶片的典型特征,而且还表现出明显的性别差异,这可能与构树雌、雄株的生殖分配有关。     

Changes of Peroxidase and Estease Isozymes During Periodicity of Cambial Activity in Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent.

Methods of sampling and sections preparaction were the same as reported previously. Except that sampling was made at monthly intervals between May 20 and July 30, then at 7–14 day-intervals between July 30 and October 14, and then at monthly intervals between October 14 and March 25 in the next year. The stored starch in various tissues was stained with PAS reaction. During active period of cambium in Broussonetia papyrifera after July 30, the cell layers of immature xylem and phloem decreased progressively, and the formation of mature xylem and phloem increased rapidly. The formation of late wood started early in August, formation of xylem ceased after September 5, followed by ceasation of phloem formation about 1.5 months later. Increasing and decreasing of stored starch were closely related to the periodicity of cambial activity during the year. Starch grains decreased progressively after cambial activity was resumed in early spring until they disappeared in all the stem tissues. Then, starch accumulated progressively again after cambial activity slowed down, particularly after the ceasation of xylem formation. However, after the formation of phloem had ceased, the stored starch once again disappeared progressively until the end of December, and accumulated again. Such changes might be related to the transition of cambium activity involving two periods of dormancy.     

楮叶中香豆素和黄酮类化学成分研究

本文对楮树(Broussonetia papyrifera(L.)Vent.)叶中的香豆素和黄酮类成分进行研究,利用柱层析、重结晶、色谱技术等分离手段,分离得到了10个化合物,经理化性质和波谱数据分析鉴定为伞形花内酯(1)、七叶内酯(2)、芹菜素(3)、木犀草素(4)、山柰酚(5)、牡荆素(6)、芹菜素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸(7)、芫花素(8)、槲皮素(9)、二氢槲皮素(10).化合物1～7均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

构树可培养内生真菌的多样性初探

构树Broussonetia papyrifera为桑科重要的资源植物。为调查逆境构树内生真菌的多样性,我们对铅锌矿区构树根、茎、叶和果实各部位进行内生真菌分离鉴定,从中分离得到187株内生真菌,根据形态学与分子生物学方法鉴定为20属,其中链格孢属Alternaria（50.27%）、镰孢属Fusarium（11.76%）为优势属。不同培养基的内生真菌分离率结果表明,马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（PDA）分离出的菌株数最多,占总数的73.96%;构树不同部位的菌株分离数目显示,叶中分离出的菌株较多,占38.02%。在属的分类水平上,根、茎、叶、果实不同部位的真菌数量也存在明显差异。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数分析结果提示不同样地的构树内生真菌的多样性也存在差异。Chao1指数和ACE指数也提示构树内生真菌丰富度与样地和组织有关。     

微波法提取楮实子多糖的工艺研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验,对微波法提取楮实子多糖的工艺进行研究,得到了最佳工艺条件:料液比1∶15,微波处理时间12 min,微波功率450 w,浸泡时间180min.在此条件下,楮实子多糖的提取率为8.79％.     

Anatomy of the Lithocyst in the Epidermis of Leaf in Broussonetia papyrifera

This paper deals with the structure, development and composition of the lithocysts and their cystoliths in the epidermis of leaf in Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. Both epidermal layers had the hair-like lithocysts. The lithocyst seen in the adaxial epidermis had a central hair-like lithocyst with 1–3 rosette-forming small round lithocysts at its base which was absent in the comparatively fine hairy litbocyst on the abaxial epidermis. All these lithocysts had cystoliths. The hair4ike lithocysts in adaxial epidermis developed more quickly, and showed obvious“gliding growth”. One or two stalks were seen clearly in the early stage of the cystolith development. Later, the stalks were covered gradually by the cystolith deposition. The majority of cystoliths were mainly composed of polysaccharides, also mixed with a little suberin and calcium carbonate. But, large variation in material composition was found in different cystoliths and different developmental stages of individual cystolith. Exceptionally, there were large amorphous and shaped crystals of calcium carbonate in the cystoliths of the hair-like lithocysts. The ultrastructure of cystolith components exhibited no orderly arrangement and there was no stratification as seen under optical micoscope.     

Evaluation of polyphenols from Broussonetia papyrifera as coronavirus protease inhibitors

The current study was designed to assess the inhibitory activity of Broussonetia papyrifera-derived polyphenols against 3-chymotrypsin-like and papain-like coronavirus cysteine proteases. The isolated compounds were broussochalcone B (1), broussochalcone A (2), 4-hydroxyisolonchocarpin (3), papyriflavonol A (4), 3′-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-3′,4,7-trihydroxyflavane (5), kazinol A (6), kazinol B (7), broussoflavan A (8), kazinol F (9), and kazinol J (10). All polyphenols were more potent against papain-like protease (PL^pro) than against 3-chymotripsin-like protease (3CL^pro); therefore, we investigated their structural features that were responsible for this selectivity. Compound 4 was the most potent inhibitor of PL^pro with an IC₅₀ value of 3.7?μM. The active compounds displayed kinetic behaviors, and the binding constants of their interaction with PL^pro were determined from surface plasmon resonance analysis. Our results suggest B. papyrifera constituents as promising candidates for development into potential anti-coronaviral agents.