肺炎链球菌18C型糖蛋白结合物的制备及其免疫原性

制备肺炎链球菌18C型荚膜多糖－破伤风类毒素结合物（CPS－TT）,测定结合物的理化性质,抗原特异性及其在动物中的免疫原性。结果显示,结合物能与相应的多糖和破伤风抗血清形成明显的沉淀线,蛋白／多糖比率为1．86,结合物分子大小（Kd值）为0．058。注射小鼠后可诱导明显的抗体应答,而且随着注射针次的增加,抗体反应水平明显增高,显示加强效应。结果表明,制备的肺炎链球菌糖蛋白结合物抗原性良好,具有胸腺依赖性的特性,在小鼠中显示较好的免疫原性。     

Functional activity of different IgG subclass antibodies against type b capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae

The biologic activity of different human IgG subclass antibodies directed against the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) capsular polysaccharide (PRP) was compared by using an in vitro complement-mediated bactericidal assay and an in vivo passive protection assay in infant rats. An IgG pool was made by Sephacryl S-300 chromatography of sera from adults immunized with PRP vaccine. An IgG2 subclass fraction was prepared by column immunoabsorption of the IgG pool with anti-IgG1 monoclonal antibody. An IgG1 subclass fraction was eluted from the affinity matrix. IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 concentrations in the fractions were measured by solid-phase competitive radioimmunoassays, and anti-PRP antibody was measured by a modified Farr assay. Each fraction was greater than 90% pure IgG2 or IgG1, respectively. There were no significant differences in the minimal anti-PRP antibody concentrations required to kill 50% of Hib cells in vitro (IgG, 0.22; IgG1, 0.21; and IgG2, 0.42 microgram/ml). Similarly, equivalent amounts of anti-PRP antibody of the IgG1 or IgG2 fractions protected against bacteremia (IgG1, 0.12; IgG2, 0.24 microgram per rat). IgG absorbed to remove anti-PRP antibody was neither bactericidal nor protective. Thus IgG1 and IgG2 anti-PRP antibody have equivalent functional activities against Hib as determined by these biologic assays.     

14型肺炎球菌荚膜多糖-破伤风类毒素结合疫苗的研制

将14型肺炎球菌的荚膜多糖(PS)与破伤风类毒素(TT)通过化学方法结合,制备成多糖-蛋白结合疫苗(PS14-TT)。用该结合疫苗免疫小鼠,在小鼠体内产生了高滴度的PS-IgG抗体和TT-IgG抗体,且再次注射后有加强应答效应,表明制备的结合疫苗保留了完好的抗原性,具有胸腺依赖性抗原的特性。     

MUTZ-3树突细胞对B型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗组分的应答

<正>对于疫苗注册和批签发而言,疫苗效力测定应该是指令性进行的,由于体内效力测定受到各种各样因素的限制,因此有必要采用相关的体外替代效力测定。这些替代试验应当最好包括来源于目标(人类)种系的细胞,针对人体体内发生的因免疫接种导致的一系列免疫应答是不可能通过使用单一细胞类型就可测定出来的,即使树突细胞能成为一种     

Development of a high-resolution magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance identity assay of the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type b present in cetavlon precipitate

We describe the use of high-resolution magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance to control the identity of the capsular polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) present in the cetavlon precipitate. This step is one of the earliest in the purification of this polysaccharide, which is further used in the production of Hib polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine. The effects of sample procedure and magnetic field strength have been investigated. Since this assay is rapid and simple, it may represent a useful technique for characterization of polysaccharides present in complex and insoluble matrices. Moreover, it allows a rapid evaluation of the structure of the produced polysaccharides very early on during the production process and is as such an essential analytical tool before starting the purification process.     

Process development of a New Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine and the use of mathematical modeling to identify process optimization possibilities

Vaccination is one of the most successful public health interventions being a cost‐effective tool in preventing deaths among young children. The earliest vaccines were developed following empirical methods, creating vaccines by trial and error. New process development tools, for example mathematical modeling, as well as new regulatory initiatives requiring better understanding of both the product and the process are being applied to well‐characterized biopharmaceuticals (for example recombinant proteins). The vaccine industry is still running behind in comparison to these industries. A production process for a new Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine, including related quality control (QC) tests, was developed and transferred to a number of emerging vaccine manufacturers. This contributed to a sustainable global supply of affordable Hib conjugate vaccines, as illustrated by the market launch of the first Hib vaccine based on this technology in 2007 and concomitant price reduction of Hib vaccines. This paper describes the development approach followed for this Hib conjugate vaccine as well as the mathematical modeling tool applied recently in order to indicate options for further improvements of the initial Hib process. The strategy followed during the process development of this Hib conjugate vaccine was a targeted and integrated approach based on prior knowledge and experience with similar products using multi‐disciplinary expertise. Mathematical modeling was used to develop a predictive model for the initial Hib process (the ‘baseline’ model) as well as an ‘optimized’ model, by proposing a number of process changes which could lead to further reduction in price. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:568–580, 2016     

A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗及b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量检测方法的建立与验证

目的建立A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗和b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量的检测方法并加以验证。方法参照《中华人民共和国药典》三部(2010年版)中"毛细管柱顶空进样等温法",优化色谱条件,建立A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗和b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量的检测方法并对该方法进行验证及初步应用。结果色谱条件为顶空平衡温度70℃,顶空平衡时间40 min,汽化室温度200℃,柱箱温度40℃,检测器温度250℃,进样量为1.0 m L,载气(高纯氮气)流量1.3 m L/min,尾吹气(高纯氮气)流量5 m L/min,分流比1∶1。丙酮质量分数在2×10-6~5×10-5范围内具有良好的线性关系(r0.99)。丙酮的平均回收率及相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为86.05%~105.11%及2.1%~9.5%,检测限为2×10-6,定量限为3×10-6。结论本方法的线性、特异性、准确性、重复性等均符合规定,方法准确、稳定,可用于A群C群脑膜炎球菌多糖疫苗和b型流感嗜血杆菌结合疫苗中丙酮残留量的检测。