共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Microbe-mediated carbon transformation plays an important role in soil carbon sequestration, which is considered to be one of the key strategies to achieve carbon neutrality in the long term. Assessing the efficiency of microbial necromass accumulation relative to plant carbon input or microbial respiration will help to identify ways to promote soil carbon sequestration from an ecosystem perspective. 相似文献
2.
为探究不同草地类型土壤微生物残体碳积累特征,明确微生物残体碳对土壤有机碳(SOC)的贡献及影响因素。研究利用生物标记物的方法,测定宁夏草甸草原(MS)、典型草原(TS)、荒漠草原(DS)、草原化荒漠(SD)和荒漠(D)5种草地类型0-20 cm土壤的理化性质、微生物群落组成及氨基糖含量,进一步分析微生物残体碳含量与土壤理化性质和微生物群落的关系。结果表明:MS和TS土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、微生物量碳、微生物量氮、真菌、细菌、放线菌和原生动物含量显著高于其他草地类型(P ＜ 0.05)。土壤氨基葡萄糖(GluN)、氨基甘露糖(ManN)、氨基半乳糖(GalN)和胞壁酸(MurA)含量均表现为MS最大,D最小(P ＜ 0.05);不同草地类型土壤氨基葡萄糖含量((0.62±0.18)μg/mg)最高,胞壁酸含量((0.04±0.01)μg/mg)最低。不同草地类型土壤细菌残体碳(BNC)、真菌残体碳(FNC)和总残体碳(TNC)变化范围为0.12-5.74 μg/mg、0.22-15.31 μg/mg和0.34-21.05 μg/mg;BNC、FNC和TNC对SOC贡献分别为9.0%-17.8%、22.0%-48.2%和33.5%-66.0%;FNC对SOC的贡献是BNC的1.8-3.8倍。相关性分析显示,微生物残体碳含量与海拔、年降雨量、干旱指数、地上生物量、地下生物量以及土壤有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮、全磷、微生物生物量(微生物量碳、微生物量氮、微生物量磷、真菌、细菌、放线菌和原生动物)显著正相关(P ＜ 0.05),与年均温及土壤容重、pH显著负相关(P ＜ 0.05)。细菌残体碳和真菌残体碳含量分别随细菌和真菌含量的增大而增大(P ＜ 0.001),微生物残体碳含量随真菌/细菌值的增大而增大(P ＜ 0.05),随革兰氏阳性/革兰氏阴性细菌(GP/GN)值的增大而减小(P ＜ 0.01)。随机森林模型预测显示,土壤全氮和pH是土壤微生物残体碳的主要影响因子。研究分析了宁夏不同草地类型微生物来源有机碳的积累特征及影响因素,可为进一步探讨干旱半干旱草地生态系统土壤有机碳固存的微生物学机制提供数据支撑。 相似文献
3.
蚯蚓如何影响土壤有机碳的固持是土壤生态学的关键科学问题之一。蚯蚓能同时促进土壤有机碳分解和稳定,这种两面作用带来的不确定性被研究者称为\"蚯蚓困境\"。研究证据和新兴的\"土壤微生物碳泵\"概念模型表明土壤微生物残留物是土壤有机质的主要贡献者。为系统了解蚯蚓对土壤微生物残留物的影响与可能的机制,研究分析和总结了已有的国内外蚯蚓与微生物残留物（氨基糖）的相关研究成果,表明：（1）过往的研究忽略了蚯蚓对微生物残留物的影响,导致这一方向的研究严重滞后;（2）蚯蚓对土壤微生物残留物影响的方向和大小仍有很大的不确定性,可供量化分析其驱动机制的研究还很缺乏。研究尝试将蚯蚓整合到\"土壤微生物碳泵\"概念框架中,分析蚯蚓影响土壤微生物残留物3个方面的可能机制,即：（1）改变土壤微生物量、群落结构,（2）改变微生物生理特性,（3）改变土壤团聚体结构等,影响土壤有机碳的积累。同时,本文提出了未来相关研究的6个重点方向,包括：（1）蚯蚓对微生物的选择性取食,（2）肠道介导的微生物\"涨落\"现象,（3）蚯蚓对矿质结合有机物的\"破坏\"与\"重组\",（4）蚯蚓引起的\"激发\"和\"续埋\"效应,（5）多生态型相互作用,（6）全球变化背景下的蚯蚓生态学等,以期为进一步揭示蚯蚓-微生物相互作用影响土壤有机碳累积与稳定性的机制提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Xiangyin Ni Shu Liao Siyi Tan Yan Peng Dingyi Wang Kai Yue Fuzhong Wu Yusheng Yang 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2020,29(10):1829-1839
5.
Zhaoming Chen;Lili He;Jinchuan Ma;Junwei Ma;Jing Ye;Qiaogang Yu;Ping Zou;Wanchun Sun;Hui Lin;Feng Wang;Xu Zhao;Qiang Wang; 《Global Change Biology Bioenergy》2024,16(6):e13137
Biochar application is widely recognized as an effective approach for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) and mitigating climate change in agroecosystems. However, the effects of biochar application on net accumulations and relative contributions of different SOC sources remain unclear. Here, we explored the effects of biochar application on plant-derived (PDC) and microbial necromass C (MNC) in a 10-year experimental rice–wheat rotation field receiving four different intensities of biochar application (0, 2.25, 11.5, and 22.5 t ha−1 for each crop season), using phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), lignin phenols and amino sugars as biomarkers of microbial biomass, PDC and MNC, respectively. Our results showed that biochar application increased SOC content and stock by 32.6%–203% and 26.4%–145%, respectively. Higher biochar application (11.5 and 22.5 t ha−1) increased soil pH, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), SOC/TN, and root biomass. In addition, higher biochar application enhanced bacterial, fungal, and total microbial biomass. Plant lignin phenols and MNC contents significantly increased, whereas their contributions to SOC significantly decreased with the increase in biochar application rates due to the disproportionate increase in PDC and MNC, and SOC. Fungal necromass had a greater contribution to SOC than bacterial necromass. The fungal/bacterial necromass decreased from 2.56 to 2.26 with increasing biochar application rates, because of the higher abundances of bacteria than that of fungi as indicated by PLFAs under higher biochar application rates. Random forest analyses revealed that pH, TP, and SOC/TN were the main factors controlling plant lignin and MNC accumulation. Structural equation modeling revealed that biochar application increased lignin phenols by stimulating root biomass, whereas enhanced MNC accumulation was primarily from increased microbial biomass and lignin phenols. Overall, our findings suggest that biochar application increases the accumulation of the two SOC sources but decreases their contributions to SOC in paddy soils. 相似文献
6.
Pete Smith Olof Andrén† Thord Karlsson† Paula Perälä‡ Kristiina Regina‡ Mark Rounsevell§ Bas Van Wesemael§ 《Global Change Biology》2005,11(12):2153-2163
Yearly, per‐area carbon sequestration rates are used to estimate mitigation potentials by comparing types and areas of land management in 1990 and 2000 and projected to 2010, for the European Union (EU)‐15 and for four country‐level case studies for which data are available: UK, Sweden, Belgium and Finland. Because cropland area is decreasing in these countries (except for Belgium), and in most European countries there are no incentives in place to encourage soil carbon sequestration, carbon sequestration between 1990 and 2000 was small or negative in the EU‐15 and all case study countries. Belgium has a slightly higher estimate for carbon sequestration than the other countries examined. This is at odds with previous reports of decreasing soil organic carbon stocks in Flanders. For all countries except Belgium, carbon sequestration is predicted to be negligible or negative by 2010, based on extrapolated trends, and is small even in Belgium. The only trend in agriculture that may be enhancing carbon stocks on croplands at present is organic farming, and the magnitude of this effect is highly uncertain. Previous studies have focused on the potential for carbon sequestration and have shown quite significant potential. This study, which examines the sequestration likely to occur by 2010, suggests that the potential will not be realized. Without incentives for carbon sequestration in the future, cropland carbon sequestration under Article 3.4 of the Kyoto Protocol will not be an option in EU‐15. 相似文献
7.
Judith Prommer Tom W. N. Walker Wolfgang Wanek Judith Braun David Zezula Yuntao Hu Florian Hofhansl Andreas Richter 《Global Change Biology》2020,26(2):669-681
Species‐rich plant communities have been shown to be more productive and to exhibit increased long‐term soil organic carbon (SOC) storage. Soil microorganisms are central to the conversion of plant organic matter into SOC, yet the relationship between plant diversity, soil microbial growth, turnover as well as carbon use efficiency (CUE) and SOC accumulation is unknown. As heterotrophic soil microbes are primarily carbon limited, it is important to understand how they respond to increased plant‐derived carbon inputs at higher plant species richness (PSR). We used the long‐term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany, to examine how microbial physiology responds to changes in plant diversity and how this affects SOC content. The Jena Experiment considers different numbers of species (1–60), functional groups (1–4) as well as functional identity (small herbs, tall herbs, grasses, and legumes). We found that PSR accelerated microbial growth and turnover and increased microbial biomass and necromass. PSR also accelerated microbial respiration, but this effect was less strong than for microbial growth. In contrast, PSR did not affect microbial CUE or biomass‐specific respiration. Structural equation models revealed that PSR had direct positive effects on root biomass, and thereby on microbial growth and microbial biomass carbon. Finally, PSR increased SOC content via its positive influence on microbial biomass carbon. We suggest that PSR favors faster rates of microbial growth and turnover, likely due to greater plant productivity, resulting in higher amounts of microbial biomass and necromass that translate into the observed increase in SOC. We thus identify the microbial mechanism linking species‐rich plant communities to a carbon cycle process of importance to Earth's climate system. 相似文献
8.
张萌;程瑞梅;沈雅飞;陈天;李璟;曾立雄;雷蕾;肖文发 《应用生态学报》2025,36(1):141-151
微生物源碳和植物源碳的积累共同决定了土壤有机碳库的稳定。为探究绿肥覆盖下土壤团聚体不同来源有机碳的积累特征及其相对贡献,本研究在柑橘园中设置野外定位控制试验,以清耕处理为对照,分析光叶苕子覆盖对土壤大团聚体(2～8 mm)、小团聚体(0.25～2 mm)以及微团聚体(<0.25 mm)不同来源有机碳的影响,量化了不同来源有机碳对土壤团聚体总有机碳的贡献,明确了不同来源有机碳积累的驱动因素。结果表明: 1)光叶苕子覆盖增加了土壤团聚体真菌残体碳、微生物残体碳含量以及二者对土壤团聚体总有机碳的贡献,其中,微团聚体真菌残体碳、微生物残体碳含量增加幅度最大,分别为76.7%、70.2%;光叶苕子覆盖还提高了土壤团聚体真菌残体碳与细菌残体碳的比值,且比值的变化范围为4.58～4.66,说明真菌残体碳含量较高,主导了微生物残体碳的积累。2)光叶苕子覆盖降低了大团聚体的总木质素酚含量及其对总有机碳的贡献,但显著增加了微团聚体总木质素酚含量,而对微团聚体总木质素酚对总有机碳的贡献无显著影响。3)土壤有机碳和微生物生物量碳是微生物残体碳的重要影响因素,亮氨酸氨基肽酶和交换性钙离子含量的增加提高了微生物残体碳对总有机碳的贡献;络合态铁氧化物含量是提高微团聚体总木质素酚对总有机碳贡献的重要因子。综上所述,光叶苕子覆盖下真菌残体碳主导了土壤团聚体微生物残体碳的积累,大团聚体中植物源碳可能转化为微生物源碳储存在土壤中,微生物源碳将主导土壤团聚体有机碳的变化。 相似文献
9.
Martin Wiesmeier Peter Spörlein Uwe Geuß Edzard Hangen Stephan Haug Arthur Reischl Bernd Schilling Margit von Lützow Ingrid Kögel‐Knabner 《Global Change Biology》2012,18(7):2233-2245
Precise estimations of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are of decided importance for the detection of C sequestration or emission potential induced by land use changes. For Germany, a comprehensive, land use–specific SOC data set has not yet been compiled. We evaluated a unique data set of 1460 soil profiles in southeast Germany in order to calculate representative SOC stocks to a depth of 1 m for the main land use types. The results showed that grassland soils stored the highest amount of SOC, with a median value of 11.8 kg m?2, whereas considerably lower stocks of 9.8 and 9.0 kg m?2 were found for forest and cropland soils, respectively. However, the differences between extensively used land (grassland, forest) and cropland were much lower compared with results from other studies in central European countries. The depth distribution of SOC showed that despite low SOC concentrations in A horizons of cropland soils, their stocks were not considerably lower compared with other land uses. This was due to a deepening of the topsoil compared with grassland soils. Higher grassland SOC stocks were caused by an accumulation of SOC in the B horizon which was attributable to a high proportion of C‐rich Gleysols within grassland soils. This demonstrates the relevance of pedogenetic SOC inventories instead of solely land use–based approaches. Our study indicated that cultivation‐induced SOC depletion was probably often overestimated since most studies use fixed depth increments. Moreover, the application of modelled parameters in SOC inventories is questioned because a calculation of SOC stocks using different pedotransfer functions revealed considerably biased results. We recommend SOC stocks be determined by horizon for the entire soil profile in order to estimate the impact of land use changes precisely and to evaluate C sequestration potentials more accurately. 相似文献
10.
The establishment of either forest or grassland on degraded cropland has been proposed as an effective method for climate change mitigation because these land use types can increase soil carbon (C) stocks. This paper synthesized 135 recent publications (844 observations at 181 sites) focused on the conversion from cropland to grassland, shrubland or forest in China, better known as the ‘Grain‐for‐Green’ Program to determine which factors were driving changes to soil organic carbon (SOC). The results strongly indicate a positive impact of cropland conversion on soil C stocks. The temporal pattern for soil C stock changes in the 0–100 cm soil layer showed an initial decrease in soil C during the early stage (<5 years), and then an increase to net C gains (>5 years) coincident with vegetation restoration. The rates of soil C change were higher in the surface profile (0–20 cm) than in deeper soil (20–100 cm). Cropland converted to forest (arbor) had the additional benefit of a slower but more persistent C sequestration capacity than shrubland or grassland. Tree species played a significant role in determining the rate of change in soil C stocks (conifer < broadleaf, evergreen < deciduous forests). Restoration age was the main factor, not temperature and precipitation, affecting soil C stock change after cropland conversion with higher initial soil C stock sites having a negative effect on soil C accumulation. Soil C sequestration significantly increased with restoration age over the long‐term, and therefore, the large scale of land‐use change under the ‘Grain‐for‐Green’ Program will significantly increase China's C stocks. 相似文献
11.
Bingbing Han;Yanzhong Yao;Yini Wang;Xiaoxuan Su;Lihua Ma;Xinping Chen;Zhaolei Li; 《Global Ecology and Biogeography》2024,33(1):151-161
The accumulation of microbial necromass carbon has gained increasing attention due to its slow decomposition. However, it remains unclear what induces the accumulation of microbial necromass carbon via reiterated community turnover on large spatial scales. This study explores the characteristics of soil necromass carbon accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems. 相似文献
12.
13.
为探明旱区山地不同海拔梯度土壤氨基糖积累特征,明确氨基糖对土壤有机碳库的贡献以及影响因素。以2021年8月在贺兰山西坡不同海拔(1848-2940 m)采集的土壤为研究对象,分析土壤理化性质、微生物群落结构、氨基糖含量、氨基糖对土壤有机碳贡献变化特征以及引起该变化的驱动因素。结果表明:沿海拔梯度上升,土壤理化性质表现出显著差异,土壤含水率、有机碳、全氮表现为升高趋势,pH和容重表现为降低趋势,全磷无明显变化规律。沿海拔梯度上升,土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌以及丛枝菌根真菌磷脂脂肪酸(Phospholipid fatty acids,PLFAs)含量表现为先增加后减少的趋势,在中海拔区域(2110-2360 m)微生物PLFAs含量更高。沿海拔梯度上升,总氨基糖含量和氨基糖单体(氨基葡萄糖、氨基半乳糖、胞壁酸和氨基甘露糖)分别表现为持续增加和先减少后增加的变化趋势,并且总氨基糖和氨基糖单体含量均在最高海拔达到峰值,中海拔区域真菌和细菌残体碳对土壤有机碳的贡献率均小于高海拔(2707-2940 m)和低海拔(1848-1910 m),且在不同海拔梯度上真菌残体碳对土壤有机碳贡献率占据主导地位。方差分解结果显示,土壤理化性质和微生物PLFAs含量共同解释了土壤氨基糖含量及对有机碳贡献率的55.2%,其中土壤理化性质解释变异的52.9%,微生物PLFAs含量解释变异的26.9%,冗余分析同步验证土壤理化性质是影响氨基糖及氨基糖对土壤有机碳贡献率的主要因素。本研究结果揭示了贺兰山西坡微生物驱动土壤有机碳存储与转化机制,可为进一步研究旱区山地微生物残体对土壤有机碳的贡献提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
土壤有机碳的贮存和损失的研究是目前国际上前沿研究领域之一。研究农田土壤有机碳固定过程 ,对于了解农业生产过程和生态过程的关系具有十分重要的意义。在农田土壤中 ,发生变化的有机碳主要是年轻或轻组有机碳 ,而且土壤有机碳的损失或固定都是在土壤表层和有限的时间内发生 ,且数量巨大。传统的耕作体系是造成土壤有机碳损失的主要原因。为了增加农田土壤有机碳的保有量 ,农业管理措施应该从增加有机碳的输入量 (如草田轮作、保留残茬以及施用肥料等 )和减少土壤有机碳的矿化 (少、免耕等 )两方面入手 相似文献
15.
土壤有机碳是陆地碳库的重要组成部分,也是当前全球碳循环和全球变化研究的热点。土地利用/覆被变化及土地管理变化通过影响土壤有机碳的储量和分布,进而影响温室气体排放和陆地生态系统的碳通量。研究土地利用变化影响下的土壤有机碳储量及其动态变化规律,有助于加深理解全球气候变化与土地利用变化之间的关系。在阅读国内外有关文献的基础上,分别从土地利用及其管理方式变化的角度,概括了土地利用变化对土壤有机碳的影响过程与机理;针对当前研究的两大类方法,即实验方法和模型方法,分类详细介绍了它们各自的特点以及存在的一些问题。在此基础上,提出今后土地利用变化对土壤有机碳影响研究的发展趋势。 相似文献
16.
Soil organic carbon (SOC), the largest terrestrial carbon pool, plays a significant role in soil‐related ecosystem services such as climate regulation, soil fertility and agricultural production. However, its fate under land use change is difficult to predict. A major issue is that SOC comprised of numerous organic compounds with potentially distinct and poorly understood turnover properties. Here we use spatiotemporal measurements of the particulate (POC), mineral‐associated (MOC) and charred SOC (COC) fractions from 176 trials involving changes in land use to assess their underlying controls. We find that the initial pool sizes of each of the three fractions consistently and dominantly control their temporal dynamics after changes in land use (i.e. the baseline effects). The effects of climate, soil physicochemical properties and plant residues, however, are fraction‐ and time‐dependent. Climate and soil properties show similar importance for controlling the dynamics of MOC and COC, while plant residue inputs (in term of their quantity and quality) are much less important. For POC, plant residues and management practices (e.g. the frequency of pasture in crop‐pasture rotation systems) are substantially more important, overriding the influence of climate. These results demonstrate the pivotal role of measuring SOC composition and considering fraction‐specific stabilization and destabilization processes for effective SOC management and reliable SOC predictions. 相似文献
17.
湖泊湿地生态系统作为重要的陆地碳汇之一,其土壤有机碳(SOC)储量变化将对全球气候产生显著影响。当前全球变化背景下,湖泊湿地经历的水位降低、水域面积缩小等生态问题使其碳汇功能面临严重威胁。尽管已有大量文献研究了湖泊湿地SOC的动态变化,但由于研究地点、实验方法和关注重点的不同,难以形成一致的结论,因此详细阐明湖泊湿地SOC存储和转化过程的演化趋势尤为重要。综述国内外湖泊湿地SOC的研究成果,从其形成、周转及稳定性三个方面进行归纳,总结现阶段湖泊湿地SOC的研究热点和不足,并结合当前湖泊湿地面临的现状,阐述影响其有机碳动态变化的因素。现有研究表明,植物源碳尤其是凋落物碳是湖泊湿地SOC的主要来源,但微生物碳在湖泊湿地SOC形成中的作用不容忽视,且植物和微生物碳对湖泊湿地碳储量的贡献比可能具有空间异质性。湿地SOC周转主要受微生物的调控,但中小型区系的土壤动物也扮演着重要的角色,它们可能既是驱动者也是贡献者,研究提示将土壤动物纳入湿地SOC的周转模型才可更准确地评估湖泊湿地的碳周转过程。有机物-矿物化学结合态保护是维持湖泊湿地SOC稳定的最重要机制,多种生物和非生物(气候、水环境等)因素会直接或间接影响SOC的稳定储存。目前维持湖泊湿地SOC稳定性的机制仍延用陆地或海洋生态系统的理论模型,需进一步评估其在湖泊湿地中的适用性。研究旨在总结湖泊湿地中SOC形成和转化的研究进展,为研究提供文献参考和思路。 相似文献
18.
张浩林;李娅芸;胡洋;李会军;周玥;安韶山;朱兆龙 《应用生态学报》2025,36(3):911-917
青藏高原是全球变化研究的“敏感区”,其草地退化严重影响土壤微生物和有机碳(SOC)积累。土壤微生物残体(MNC)和球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白(GRSP)作为稳定的微生物代谢产物在SOC的形成和稳定中发挥着关键作用。本研究选取青藏高原不同退化程度(未退化、轻度退化、中度退化和重度退化)的高寒草地为研究对象,测定土壤中的MNC和GRSP,分析它们对SOC的贡献及其影响因素。结果表明: 1)随着高寒草地退化程度的加剧,土壤中MNC(6.04～14.27 mg·g-1)和GRSP的含量(2.55～7.64 mg·g-1)显著减少,但对SOC的贡献变化不显著。2)MNC对SOC的贡献(7.5%～68.3%)高于GRSP(3.3%～26.5%),前者平均为后者的2.8倍;高寒草地退化导致在SOC降低的过程中,MNC减少的速率是GRSP的1.7倍。3)土壤理化性质和微生物生物量是影响MNC和GRSP积累的重要因素。综上,微生物代谢产物(如MNC和GRSP)对SOC的维持具有重要意义,能够在高寒草地退化过程中缓解SOC含量的下降,在应对和减缓高寒草地退化方面扮演着关键角色。 相似文献
19.
20.
Xinchang Kou Elly Morriën Yijia Tian Xiaoke Zhang Caiyan Lu Hongtu Xie Wenju Liang Qi Li Chao Liang 《Global Change Biology》2023,29(14):4069-4080
Exogenous carbon turnover within soil food web is important in determining the trade-offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon emission. However, it remains largely unknown how soil food web influences carbon sequestration through mediating the dual roles of microbes as decomposers and contributors, hindering our ability to develop policies for soil carbon management. Here, we conducted a 13C-labeled straw experiment to demonstrate how soil food web regulated the residing microbes to influence the soil carbon transformation and stabilization process after 11 years of no-tillage. Our work demonstrated that soil fauna, as a “temporary storage container,” indirectly influenced the SOC transformation processes and mediated the SOC sequestration through feeding on soil microbes. Soil biota communities acted as both drivers of and contributors to SOC cycling, with 32.0% of exogenous carbon being stabilizing in the form of microbial necromass as “new” carbon. Additionally, the proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon showed that the “renewal effect” driven by the soil food web promoted the SOC to be more stable. Our study clearly illustrated that soil food web regulated the turnover of exogenous carbon inputs by and mediated soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation. 相似文献