中国新记录属新寄蝇属一新种（双翅目：寄蝇科）

发现并描述产自中国东北黑龙江的寄蝇科1新种,牡丹江新寄蝇Neoemdenia mudanjiangensis Hou et Zhang sp.nov.,给出了该属分种检索表。新种模式标本保存在沈阳师范大学昆虫标本馆(SYNU)。     

Phylogenetic inference of calyptrates,with the first mitogenomes for Gasterophilinae (Diptera: Oestridae) and Paramacronychiinae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

The complete mitogenome of the horse stomach bot fly Gasterophilus pecorum (Fabricius) and a near-complete mitogenome of Wohlfahrt''s wound myiasis fly Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Schiner) were sequenced. The mitogenomes contain the typical 37 mitogenes found in metazoans, organized in the same order and orientation as in other cyclorrhaphan Diptera. Phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomes from 38 calyptrate taxa with and without two non-calyptrate outgroups were performed using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood. Three sub-analyses were performed on the concatenated data: (1) not partitioned; (2) partitioned by gene; (3) 3rd codon positions of protein-coding genes omitted. We estimated the contribution of each of the mitochondrial genes for phylogenetic analysis, as well as the effect of some popular methodologies on calyptrate phylogeny reconstruction. In the favoured trees, the Oestroidea are nested within the muscoid grade. Relationships at the family level within Oestroidea are (remaining Calliphoridae (Sarcophagidae (Oestridae, Pollenia + Tachinidae))). Our mito-phylogenetic reconstruction of the Calyptratae presents the most extensive taxon coverage so far, and the risk of long-branch attraction is reduced by an appropriate selection of outgroups. We find that in the Calyptratae the ND2, ND5, ND1, COIII, and COI genes are more phylogenetically informative compared with other mitochondrial protein-coding genes. Our study provides evidence that data partitioning and the inclusion of conserved tRNA genes have little influence on calyptrate phylogeny reconstruction, and that the 3rd codon positions of protein-coding genes are not saturated and therefore should be included.     

三种蚤生殖系统的细微结构:雄性外生殖器的发育

本文研究了缓慢细蚤Leptopsylla segnis(Schonherr),不等单蚤Monopsyllus anisus(Rothschild)和猫栉首蚤指名亚种Ctenocephalides felis felis(Bouche)雄性外生殖器的结构,观察了从幼虫、前蛹、蛹至成虫各发育时期的雄性外生殖器的内部结构变化.对有争议的雄蚤上抱器的起源,雄蚤生殖孔的位置,雄性外生殖器芽内陷的腹节以及射精管横切面的细胞数目和阳茎背、腹杆的结构等问题进行了详细的观察和探讨.     

楔天牛属7种雄性外生殖器特征比较研究

本文研究了检疫截获的楔天牛属7种楔天牛八点楔天牛、白桦楔天牛、斑点楔天牛、柳楔天牛、青杨楔天牛、山杨楔天牛、十星楔天牛雄性外生殖器的形态结构,并提供其解剖图。研究表明,楔天牛属雄性外生殖器由阳茎基、中茎和内囊3部分组成。阳茎基的阳基侧突具有相对遗传稳定性,且在属内均成近似矩形,并首次测量了7种楔天牛的成虫雄性外生殖器阳基侧突的长宽比。得出了雄性外生殖器形态特征在楔天牛属种内差异小、种间差异大,并能用雄性外生殖器特征有效区分楔天牛属近似种的结论。     

柑橘大实蝇雄性外生殖器超显微结构及其性选择权

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax（Enderlein）,是柑橘的重要害虫。本研究基于光学、扫描电镜、X射线CT,对其雄虫外生殖器的形态结构、阳茎长度和雌虫泄殖腔到受精囊的长度、以及雌雄虫交配过程中的夹持状态和雄虫阳茎冠到达雌虫阴道位置的观察和测量。结果表明,柑橘大实蝇雄性外生殖器是由阳茎（阳茎管和阳茎冠）、生殖突（阳茎内突和生殖环）和抱握器（背刺突和抱器）这3个部分组成。阳茎管是长而弯曲的双套管结构（向腹面卷曲）,外管即阳茎管,内含1条输精管（内管）,阳茎管腹面褶皱,骨化程度低,背面平坦（中间有沟）,骨化程度较高,既可以弯曲折叠又可以变直。休息时,阳茎蜷曲,大部分隐藏在第5腹节内。阳茎冠由生殖杆、阳茎冠体（基囊、喇叭口、裂口和骨化体）组成,精子出口位于阳茎冠顶部喇叭口内和基囊前端的阳茎冠体上的裂口内。成虫交配时,雄虫抱握器夹持住雌虫产卵针背片端部,阳茎能够到达的最远处为雌虫布氏交配囊。雌虫从泄殖腔口至受精囊长度（21.64 ± 0.59 mm）远大于雄虫阳茎的长度（9.21 ± 0.25 mm）,表明雄虫的阳茎不能到达雌虫的受精囊,雌性可以通过控制精子是否进入受精囊来控制受精。因此,雌成虫拥有最终的授精控制权。这些结构或组织经过进化,从而适应其阳茎的运动、交配等行为活动。为理解昆虫繁殖生理、进化和多样性,昆虫交配、阳茎运动等行为机制提供理论基础。     

我国三种蝼蛄的雄性生殖器鉴别

本文记述 3种蝼蛄 (单刺蝼蛄GryllotalpaunispinaSaussure,东方蝼蛄G .orientalisBurmeister及河南蝼蛄G .henanaCaietNiu)的雄生殖器     

Evolutionary transformation from muscular to hydraulic movements in spider (Arachnida, Araneae) genitalia: a study based on histological serial sections

The male genitalia of 107 spider species representing 73 families were serially sectioned and studied with an emphasis on muscles moving the genital bulb. As a rule, most non-Entelegynae have two bulbal muscles, most Entelegyne have none, but many exceptions occur. Variation also occurs with regard to origin and attachment of bulbal muscles. There appears to be a trend towards a shift of the origin from proximal (Liphistius, Atypus) to more distal palpal segments (Haplogynae). In most Entelegynae the muscular movement is replaced by hydraulic movement caused by expanding membranes (hematodochae). Hematodochae probably permit increased bulbal rotation and movements of higher complexity. New evidence is presented arguing against Palpimanidae being representatives of Entelegynae. Bulbal glands other than those discharging into the sperm duct (previously known in Amaurobiidae and Dictynidae only) are described in several entelegyne families.     

墨蚜蝇(双翅目,食蚜蝇科,食蚜蝇亚科)八种雄性外生殖器比较

作者对墨蚜蝇族中3属8种昆虫:东方墨蚜蝇Melanostoma orientale,方斑墨蚜蝇M.mellinum,梯斑墨蚜蝇M.scalare,天台墨蚜蝇M.tiantaiensis,黑腹宽跗蚜蝇Platycheirus albimanus,叉尾宽跗蚜蝇P.bidentatus,斜斑宽跗蚜蝇P.scutatus,圆斑宽扁蚜蝇Xanthandrus comtus进行了雄性外生殖器的比较研究,并分别予以绘图和描述。结果表明,雄性外生殖器在属内种间形态结构很相似,仅在尾器颜色、阳茎基部形状等方面有微小的区别;而在属间主要是背针突和上叶的形态和结构存在较大的不同。     

Systematic and morphological studies of the genus Chaetopleurophora Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae) occurring in Japan

Japanese species of the genus Chaetopleurophora are reviewed. All belong to the C. erythronota group. The following three species from Japan are described: C. rhomboidea sp. nov., C. pygidialis Schmitz and C. dividua sp. nov. The male and female genitalia are studied and further examples of unique characters of the genus including asymmetric features are added. The male aedeagus of the genus is illustrated for the first time. The aedeagus of the species treated in this study consists of only two components, the inner core plate and the outer jacket plate. The jacket plate wraps sinistrally around the core plate. The combination of the core plate and the jacket plate forms complex, asymmetric features of the aedeagus in the Phoridae. The structure around the genital opening in the female genitalia protrudes posteriorly under the segment IX + X, and shows asymmetric features in C. rhomboidea sp. nov. with a bilaterally different degree of sclerotization, shifted genital opening to the right side and a membranous ribbon just on the left side. In addition, C. dividua sp. nov. is different from most of the species in the C. erythronota group, and very closely related to C. multiseriata (known in North America) in the male and female genitalia, wing venation and bristle formation on the scutellum. It is suggested that C. dividua sp. nov. forms a monophyletic group with C. multiseriata and the related species.     

Morphology of the larvae,male genitalia and DNA sequences of Anopheles (Kerteszia) pholidotus (Diptera: Culicidae) from Colombia

Since 1984, Anopheles (Kerteszia) lepidotus has been considered amosquito species that is involved in the transmission of malaria in Colombia, afterhaving been incriminated as such with epidemiological evidence from a malariaoutbreak in Cunday-Villarrica, Tolima. Subsequent morphological analyses of femalescaptured in the same place and at the time of the outbreak showed that the speciesresponsible for the transmission was not An. lepidotus, but ratherAnopheles pholidotus. However, the associated morphologicalstages and DNA sequences of An. pholidotus from the foci ofCunday-Villarrica had not been analysed. Using samples that were caught recently fromthe outbreak region, the purpose of this study was to provide updated and additionalinformation by analysing the morphology of female mosquitoes, the genitalia of malemosquitoes and fourth instar larvae of An. pholidotus, which wasconfirmed with DNA sequences of cytochrome oxidase I and rDNA internal transcribedspacer. A total of 1,596 adult females were collected in addition to 37 larvalcollections in bromeliads. Furthermore, 141 adult females, which were captured fromthe same area in the years 1981-1982, were analysed morphologically. Ninety-five DNAsequences were analysed for this study. Morphological and molecular analyses showedthat the species present in this region corresponds to An.pholidotus. Given the absence of An. lepidotus, even inrecent years, we consider that the species of mosquitoes that was previouslyincriminated as the malaria vector during the outbreak was indeed An.pholidotus, thus ending the controversy.