福州郊区美洲斑潜蝇、南美斑潜蝇寄主植物初步名录

本记录了福州郊区美洲斑潜蝇、南美斑潜蝇寄主植物的初步名录。发现该地区美洲斑潜蝇可取食20科85种植物,南美斑潜蝇可取食20科73种。最后讨论了这两种斑潜蝇的主要寄主作物和杂草,并提出套种和清除田间杂草的农防措施;斑潜蝇的适应性很强,寄主范围正逐步扩大,应密切关注其动态。     

Reproductive biology of the indian freshwater leech,Poecilobdella viridis (Blanchard)

Annual reproductive cycle of the protandrous hermaphroditic freshwater leech, Poecilobdella viridis has been traced from August 1974 to July 1975. Spermatogenesis initiated a little earlier than oogenesis. The reproductive programme is as follows; commencement of spermatogenesis in February followed by oogenesis in March. Breeding begins in late March extending upto late May and early June while breeding terminated towards late June. From August to January reproductive quiescence was observed. Among the environmental factors temperature, possibly coupled with photoperiod, plays a key role in synchronising the reproductive cycle.     

厦门发现南美斑潜蝇

南美斑潜蝇 [Liriomyza huidobrensis( Blanchard) ]是蔬菜和观赏植物的重要检疫性害虫。最早发现于阿根廷 ,巴西 ,秘鲁和美国等拉美国家。 80年代末传入欧洲的以色列、荷兰、德国、英国、意大利、比利时、哥伦比亚、委内瑞拉和澳大利亚。我国 1 993年初最早发现于云南。目前 ,该虫具有向周围进一步扩散的趋势 ,云南已传播到 1 8个县市发生为害。贵州、四川、新疆、山东也有部分地区不同程度发生为害。 1 997- 1 998年我们在福建省潜蝇种类调查中于福州郊区及古田已发现该虫。 2 0 0 1年 2月笔者在厦门从针叶菊、金盏菊采集的受害叶片上首…     

大鲵的自然受精试验

众所周知,在进行家鱼人工繁殖时,关于受精的方法有两种：一种是自然交配、自然产卵、自然受精;另一种是人工采精、人工采卵、人工授精。自然受精和人工授精,各有各的优点,不能相互取代,各生产单位可根据自已的生产条件选用。在进行大鲵人工繁殖时,关于受精的方法,也应该有两种。目前全国有30余所科研院所和院校进行研究(见“大鲵成熟精、卵的形态学观察及受精卵孵化中的形态变化”《淡水渔业》1999年第3期),迄今然仍未见大鲵的自然受精方面的报道。我们做了一点工作,报道如下供参考。     

Redescription of the African fish leechBatracobdelloides tricarinata (Blanchard, 1897) (Hirudinea: Glossiphoniidae)

A study of well over one thousand specimens provided proof to put the conspecifity of the two supposed species originally described asHelobdella tricarinata andClepsine nilotica beyond all doubt. Evidence is presented which indicates that the striking changes in body-shape and drastic alteration in the appearance of the tuberculation at different stages of reproduction and nutrition combined with individual variation in tuberculation, annulation, and in the arrangement and pigmentation of the eyes were responsible for earlier confusion as to the identity of this species. Since the early accounts were incomplete and contained some important errorsBatracobdelloides tricarinata is redescribed and, for the first time, comprehensively figured.     

Some aspects of osmotic biology of the freshwater leech,Poecilobdella viridis (Blanchard)

Ability of the freshwater leech, Poecilobdella viridis to withstand osmotic changes was investigated by following the fluctuations of the body weight in tap-water and in different salt concentrations. The salinity tolerance limit (lethal salt concentration) of this leech was found to be 1.54% NaCl which equilibrates approximately 51.359% sea-water. There was a significant weight loss in P. viridis when kept in both, hypo- and hypertonic media. It is concluded that volume regulation (through weight changes) was slight in hypotonic media whereas in hypertonic media there was an incessant decline in body weight. Adaptive significance of these findings is discussed.     

Hormonal control of osmoregulation in the indian freshwater leech,poecilobdella viridis (Blanchard)

Leeches maintained either in tap-water or under desiccated conditions show a continuous decline in body-weight. Debrained leeches show a significantly greater loss of weight than unoperated or sham-operated controls. Injections of brain homogenate (0.2 ml/leech = 3 brains/leech) significantly (p<0.01) reduces weight loss in debrained leeches, whereas saline injections are without effect. The results indicate that water (weight) loss is influenced by a neurosecretory hormone secreted by the brain of Poecilobdella viridis.

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Comments on Barton and Blanchard

The paper by Barton and Blanchard (2001) posits that intensive self-regulatory treatment may be ineffective for chronic daily headache. This commentator has concerns about the lack of homogeneity of population, problems with the diagnostic criteria utilized, the validity of the medication index, and issues with analgesic rebound.     

Reproductive biology of the invasive Asian freshwater leech Barbronia weberi (Blanchard, 1897)

Barbronia weberi were collected from Hydrilla verticillata purchased from aquarium suppliers in Melbourne, Australia and additional B. weberi were obtained from aquatic plants in Canberra, ACT, Australia. Adult leeches fed Tubifex sp. ad libitum successfully reproduced under laboratory conditions (21 ± 5?°C ). Reproductively mature B. weberi produced cocoons every week for up to three months at which time the adults began to senesce. Cocoons contained one to five (barx=2.41±0.78 SD, N=58) eggs with juveniles leaving the cocoon within 27 ± 3.4 SD days (N=13) of cocoon production. Juvenile B. weberi reached reproductive maturity within four months (N=7) of hatching and had a maximum growth rate of 1.10 mm² d^?1 once they left the cocoon at around 30 days. Individual egg volume (r=0.63, scaling exponent = 1.21) and cocoon volume (r=0.65, scaling exponent = 1.24) showed a significant (P<0.001) and nearly isometric relationship when scaled with maternal body size. Because this species can grow rapidly and produce a large number of eggs over a short period of time and can piggyback with plant species and travel through the aquarium trade, there is potential for B. weberi to rapidly invade new localities.     

Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) (Hemiptera-Reduviidae-Triatominae) III: patterns of feeding,defecation and resistance to starvation

Data from the Chagas Disease Control Program indicate a growing domiciliary and peridomiciliary invasion of Triatoma rubrovaria in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, where it has become the most frequent triatomine species captured there since the control of T. infestans. Bionomic characteristics that could influence the vectorial capacity of T. rubrovaria as vector of Trypanosoma cruzi were evaluated: patterns of (i) feeding, (ii) defecation, and (iii) resistance to starvation, using insects fed on mice. Fifty three percent of the females showed a defecation pattern conducive to chagasic transmission, defecating either on or near the bite site. The averages of the resistance to starvation varied from 48.1 to 179 days, for the first and fifth nymphal stages, respectively. Our study shows that with respect to the patterns of feeding, defecation and resistance to fasting, T. rubrovaria presented similar rates to the ones observed for other effective vector species, such as T. infestans. Thus, based on our studies we conclude that T. rubrovaria has biological characteristics that can positively influence its capacity to become infected and transmit T. cruzi, and also to keep residual populations after chemical control interventions.     

Structure of the auditory system of the weta Hemideina crassidens (Blanchard, 1851) (Orthoptera,Ensifera, Gryllacridoidea,Stenopelmatidae)

Summary This study of the ultrastructure of the auditory sensilla of the New Zealand weta, Hemideina crassidens, is the first such study on a member of the orthopteran Superfamily Gryllacridoidea. Ultrastructure of the auditory sensilla is similar in all of the tibial mechanosensory organs, here called subgenual organ, intermediate organ and crista acoustica by analogy with comparable structures in Tettigoniidae.Distal to each sensory soma is a dendrite containing multiple ciliary rootlets that fuse into a single ciliary root. This splits into nine root processes that pass around the outside of the proximal basal body and then rejoin at the level of the distal basal body, distal to which the dendrite has a modified ciliary structure with a circlet of nine peripheral paired tubes and rods as it passes through the proximal extracellular space. It is then enclosed by a zone of scolopale cell cytoplasm before expanding into a dilatation within the distal extracellular space. In some sensilla this space is partially occluded by electron dense material which is part of the scolopale cell. Distal to the dilatation the cilium shrinks and ends surrounded by the scolopale cap.Accessory cells consist of glia enwrapping the sensory neuron in the region of its soma, the scolopale cell surrounding the ciliary portion of the dendrite, and the attachment cell surrounding the scolopale cell and scolopale cap and connected to them by desmosomes. The attachment cells are filled with microtubules in differing densities and orientations. Lamellae are present in the acellular matrix surrounding the attachment cells. Banded fibres, presumably of collagen, are also present in the matrix.     

Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Dina Blanchard, 1892 (Hirudinea: Erpobdellidae)

This paper deals with the genus Dina of the Erpobdellidae. A comprehensive comparison of all known species of this genus is given. A lectotype for Dina absoloni Johansson, 1913, is selected. A new species, Dina latestriata n. sp. from Prespa Lake in Greece is described. Data concerning the evolution of Dina are given.     

南美斑潜蝇的形态学及生物学特性研究

南美斑潜蝇是福建省近年严重为害蔬菜、花卉的新害虫。本对南美斑潜蝇的形态特性、生物学特性进行了研究,其中科卵、取食、化蛹、羽化、交配习性、羽化节律、性比、不同营养处理对成虫寿命的影响、不同温度对成虫寿命及产卵量的影响。结果表明：南美斑潜蝇主要在８：００－１２：００羽化;在饲以蜜水＋寄生植物下,雌虫的寿命最长,平均达到１５．０天;在１８℃下的产卵量最大,平均达到１７５．７粒;在１４℃下的雌虫寿命最长     

Effect of thermal acclimation on gametogenesis of the indian freshwater leech,Poecilobdella Viridis (Blanchard)

The effect of thermal acclimation for 15 days on the gametogenesis of Poecilobdella viridis was studied. Leeches conditioned at laboratory temperature (25.5°–27.5°C), when warm acclimated (32.0° ± 0.5° C), displayed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the percentage of oocytes having a diameter of 12.5 µ and 15.0 µ and in the percentage of fully mature sperm clusters over the controls, whereas cold acclimation (10.0° ± 0.5°C) did not induce significant (p > 0.05) changes in the oocytes and sperm clusters. Thus it is concluded that in P. viridis temperature is of paramount importance in initiating gametogenesis.     

Triatoma rubrovaria (Blanchard, 1843) (Hemiptera-Reduviidae-Triatominae) IV: bionomic aspects on the vector capacity of nymphs

Triatoma rubrovaria has become the most frequently captured triatomine species since the control of T. infestans in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate aspects of the vectorial competence of T. rubrovaria using nymphs raised in laboratory under environmental conditions of temperature and humidity and fed on mice. The average developmental period of T. rubrovaria was 180.1 days. The percentage of defecation shortly after feeding was still higher than previous studies in which samples of T. rubrovaria subjected to a slight starvation period before the blood meal were used. The obtained results support former indication that T. rubrovaria presents bionomic characteristics propitious to be a good vector of Trypanosoma cruzi to man. Therefore its domiciliary invasion process must be continuously monitored.