产碱杆菌NX-3胞外多糖的结构与性能*

一株产碱杆菌NX-3分泌的可溶性胞外多糖(PS-238)经醇析、Sevag法脱蛋白、透析、冷冻干燥得分析样品,酸水解后经TLC、GC以及化学法、IR和高碘酸氧化分析测得PS-238是由葡萄糖、甘露糖、鼠李糖和葡萄糖醛酸组成的杂多糖,糖苷键类型主要为(1→3)和(1→4)。此外考察多糖溶液粘度与剪切速率、溶液浓度、温度、酸碱度以及盐离子种类和浓度等因素之间的关系,结果表明多糖水溶液的流体特征表现为假塑型,25℃时1%的水溶液粘度可达3,300 cp,耐酸碱,在pH2~13的范围内粘度稳定;耐高温,在150℃     

茶多糖TGC的结构表征

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析均一茶多糖TGC的单糖组成, 并与NMR, 圆二色谱、紫外扫描等其他分析方法结合, 对茶多糖TGC的一级结构及其在溶液中的构象加以探讨. 结果表明: 茶多糖TGC是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖等6种单糖组成, 它在水溶液中应以有序的螺旋构象存在, 其一级结构为: 主链的骨架结构由鼠李糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖构成, 这3种单糖都有可能连接支链, 不接支链时其连接方式为β1→3, 支链主要由阿拉伯糖构成, 其连接方式可为β1→2, β1→3, β2→3三种, 木糖以β1→存在于主链和支链的末端.     

为一种用途极广的新型材料短梗霉多糖呼吁

短梗霉多糖(Pullulan)是由出芽短梗霉(Aureobasidium pullulans)产生的一种胞 外多糖,其结构为α-1.6糖苷键联结的聚麦芽三糖(为α-1.4键联结的三聚葡萄糖),为中性的线性大分子。其分子量因产生菌和发酵条件的差异而有较大变化,通常为1-100万。短梗霉多糖在水中可无限溶解,其水溶液粘度随浓度和分子量增加而增加,与其它类型多糖相比粘度低得多,浓度10％的分子量10万的短梗霉多糖水溶液粘度仅为30厘泊。     

碱液提取箬叶多糖的纯化及其结构性质的研究

通过高碘酸氧化、Smith降解、部分酸水解分析、NMR分析等多种方法对以不同浓度的NaOH溶液箬叶中提取的两种多糖FⅢ-a及FⅣ-a进行了研究,结果表明二者均具有多分枝结构,FⅢ-a主链以α(1→3)连接的木糖为主,分子侧链由半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖醛酸构成,葡萄糖醛酸主要位于分子的末端;FⅣ-a主链由α(1→3)木糖和β(1→6)半乳糖构成,以阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖醛酸组成侧链,葡萄糖醛酸主要位于分子的末端.     

紫球藻多糖化学结构解析

为明确紫球藻多糖的化学结构,本文采用化学分析和光谱分析方法对紫球藻多糖的一级糖链结构进行了分析。GC分析表明该多糖由木糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖组成,为一种杂多糖,其摩尔比为:2.96∶1.25∶3.06;红外光谱分析结果显示紫球藻多糖为硫酸化多糖,糖苷键类型为β构型;化学分析结果推断紫球藻多糖糖链连接方式以1→3为主,存在少量1→2,1→4,1→6键型,且半乳糖在支链或主链末端有较大量的存在,木糖和葡萄糖在主链或靠近主链区域有特定分布;NMR分析显示紫球藻多糖的硫酸酯基连在C-6上,且多糖的糖苷键为β型;GC-MS联机分析进一步确定紫球藻多糖为一种主要含有1→3糖苷键,并含有1→4,1→6糖苷键的杂多糖。综合上述分析,推断出紫球藻多糖的糖链主链的重复单元结构。     

糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的研究*

研究了葡萄糖浓度和pH值调控对糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的影响。葡萄糖浓度为5%时胞外多糖产量最高 ;发酵液pH控制为 3 5～ 4 0时有利于胞外多糖的合成 ;并尝试了重复使用菌丝体在糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的新方法。     

糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的研究

研究了葡萄糖浓度和pH值调控对糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的影响。葡萄糖浓度为5％时胞外多糖产量最高;发酵液pH控制为3．5－4．0时有利于胞外多糖的合成;并守试了重复使用菌丝体在糖质溶液中发酵生产灰树花胞外多糖的新方法。     

多粘芽孢杆菌204产生的高粘性多糖性质的研究

多粘芽孢杆菌(Bacillus polymyxa)204能在萄葡糖培养基中,产生具有高粘性的胞外多糖,发酵48—72h产率为12g/L。在浓度为0.6％,1.0％和1.5％时,它的粘度分别为327,3715和44650厘泊、该菌产生的胞外多糖是一种酸性多糖,它由葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖组成;其克分子比为5:5:2;糖醛酸含量为5.5％;其中1％水溶液具有加热熔化、冷却后凝固的类琼脂性质。本文还讨论了浓度、pH、加热温度和时间,以及添加盐类对比多糖的影响。毒性试验证明,此多糖是无毒的,LD50>10g/kg。     

解磷菌发酵及溶磷条件的研究

从新疆盐碱土中分离纯化得到一株高效解磷菌PS-3,为改善盐碱地磷素供应提供菌种资源。采用单因素和正交试验,对菌株PS-3的发酵条件和溶磷能力进行分析。结果表明,菌株PS-3较适发酵条件为温度35℃、pH 7和盐浓度1%,其对碳、氮源的利用顺序依次为葡萄糖>麦芽糖>果糖>蔗糖>乳糖,硝酸铵>硝酸钠>氯化铵>硫酸铵>尿素,菌株PS-3最适溶磷条件为2%葡萄糖、0.01%硝酸铵、温度35℃、初始pH 7.5、盐浓度2 g/L、接种量4%,在此条件下,其对磷酸三钙的溶解量可达100 2.95mg/L。该菌株具有一定耐盐性和良好的溶磷能力,在生物溶磷方面具有较好的应用潜力。     

植物多糖胶流变性质的研究

胡芦巴、皂荚、野皂荚和塔拉多糖胶水溶液随着浓度的增加,溶液表现为假塑性流体．表现粘度随剪切速率增大而减小。通过Cross模型和实验数据计算得到1％多糖胶零剪切速率时表现粘度η0、无穷大剪切速率时表现粘度η∞和弹性松驰时间等重要流变参数。根据Arrhenius方程和实验数据计算得到1％浓度多糖胶的粘度流化能E和常数A,皂荚胶和塔拉胶的粘流活化能大。时间对多糖胶液粘度影响较大,新配制的多糖胶液随着水化时间的延长,胶液表观粘度增大,胶液放置时间超过24h后,表现粘度随时间的延长而降低。pH值、冻融处理和盐离子对多糖胶表现粘度的影响不太大。多糖胶与硼离子形成的冻胶．其粘度因多糖胶品种而异,其中胡芦巴冻胶粘度最高,是野皂荚冻胶粘度的165倍和瓜尔胶冻胶粘度的2．7倍。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.