ABO blood groups, intestinal alkaline phosphatase and haptoglobin types in patients with serum hepatitis

A series of 150 patients with serum hepatitis were examined for the incidence of the Australia antigen (HBsAg) and associations with ABO blood groups, haptoglobin types and occurrence of intestinal serum alkaline phosphatase. Among the patients studied 11.3% were positive for HBsAg. When compared to controls patients with blood group O showed a significantly increased risk for serum hepatitis (p less than 0.05), while those with group B showed a decreased risk (p less than 0.01). The presence of the intestinal fraction of alkaline phosphatase showed a negative association with serum hepatitis (p less than 0.01) and there was no significant association between alkaline phosphatase types and ABO groups among the patients. The frequency of the Hp1 gene was significantly increased (p less than 0.01) among the patients as compared to controls.     

Interaction between ABO and haptoglobin systems in a Bengalee population.

Blood samples from 2,232 individuals of a Bengalee Caste Hindu population were investigated in an attempt to confirm the association between the ABO and haptoglobin (HP) systems previously found in populations of European origin. Indians differ from Europeans in having lower HP*1 and higher ABO*B frequencies. In spite of this, as in previous studies, a weak HP/ABO association was found with a significantly lower HP*1 allele frequency in blood group O versus other ABO groups.     

Increased risk of venous thrombosis by AB alleles of the ABO blood group and Factor V Leiden in a Brazilian population

Most cases of a predisposition to venous thrombosis are caused by resistance to activated protein C, associated in 95% of cases with the Factor V Leiden allele (FVL or R506Q). Several recent studies report a further increased risk of thrombosis by an association between the AB alleles of the ABO blood group and Factor V Leiden. The present study investigated this association with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in individuals treated at the Hemocentro de Pernambuco in northeastern Brazil. A case-control comparison showed a significant risk of thrombosis in the presence of Factor V Leiden (OR = 10.1), which was approximately doubled when the AB alleles of the ABO blood group were present as well (OR = 22.3). These results confirm that the increased risk of deep vein thrombosis in the combined presence of AB alleles and Factor V Leiden is also applicable to the Brazilian population suggesting that ABO blood group typing should be routinely added to FVL in studies involving thrombosis.     

Genetic blood markers in arthritic diseases]

In the course of studying patients affected with arthritic diseases (bronchial asthma, sugar diabetes) a relationship between those diseases and the blood groups of the Hp and MN systems was established. Patients with bronchial asthma more frequently than in the controls belonged to the Hp 2-2 type and to blood groups MN and O (I), whereas the patients affected with sugar diabetes are usually of the Hp 2-1 type and belong to the belong to the blood groups MN and A(II). The investigation of patients affected with other diseases having a pathogenesis similar to that of bronchial asthma or of diabetes and the observation of healthy persons after prophylactic inoculations as well as the study of sugar metabolism in healthy persons all confirm the relationship of Hp, MN and ABO antigens with arthritic diseases.     

Predicting grey‐sided vole occurrence in northern Sweden at multiple spatial scales

Forestry is continually changing the habitats for many forest‐dwelling species around the world. The grey‐sided vole (Myodes rufocanus) has declined since the 1970s in forests of northern Sweden. Previous studies suggested that this might partly be caused by reduced focal forest patch size due to clear‐cutting. Proximity and access to old pine forest and that microhabitats often contains stones have also been suggested previously but never been evaluated at multiple spatial scales. In a field study in 2010–2011 in northern Sweden, we investigated whether occurrence of grey‐sided voles would be higher in (1) large focal patches of >60 years old forest, (2) in patches with high connectivity to surrounding patches, and (3) in patches in proximity to stone fields. We trapped animals in forest patches in two study areas (Västerbotten and Norrbotten). At each trap station, we surveyed structural microhabitat characteristics. Landscape‐scale features were investigated using satellite‐based forest data combined with geological maps. Unexpectedly, the vole was almost completely absent in Norrbotten. The trap sites in Norrbotten had a considerably lower amount of stone holes compared with sites with voles in Västerbotten. We suggest this might help to explain the absence in Norrbotten. In Västerbotten, the distance from forest patches with voles to stone fields was significantly shorter than from patches without voles. In addition, connectivity to surrounding patches and size of the focal forest patches was indeed related to the occurrence of grey‐sided voles, with connectivity being the overall best predictor. Our results support previous findings on the importance of large forest patches, but also highlight the importance of connectivity for occurrence of grey‐sided voles. The results further suggest that proximity to stone fields increase habitat quality of the forests for the vole and that the presence of stone fields enhances the voles' ability to move between nearby forest patches through the matrix.     

Distribution of ABO, MN, Rh blood groups and Hp, Tr, Gc and C3 serum factors in the Buryat population

Polymorphism of blood groups ABO, MN, Rh and serum proteins Hp, Tf, Gc, C3 was studied in Buryat populations of Zabaikalie, Pribaikalie, Olkhon island. No indication of significant heterogeneity was observed. Gene frequencies varied in different systems within the ranges: ABO (p-0.142-0.183; q-0.205-0.324; r-0.567-0.630); MN (m-0.531-0.624), Rh(d) (0-0.214), Hp (Hp 1-0.268-0.339), C3 (C3F-0.023-0.090), Tf (TfC-0.971-1.0), Gc (Gc1-0.728-0.840). Genetic distances between main Buryat groups were estimated.     

Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. VI. Intrapopulation variability from an analysis of marriage migrations and ABO and Hp marker systems

By the sampling procedure, the distribution of phenotypic and genotypic frequencies of ABO and Hp systems and the structure of intermarriage migration in Turkmen population was studied. The geographical subdivision of the Turkmen population coincided with its ethnic divergency. The main Turkmen tribes are highly isolated (the gametic index is 0.965 to 1.0) and the differences in gene frequencies between tribes are significant. The mean gene frequencies for the ABO system in the Turkmen population are: I0-0.5373, IA-0.2601, IB-0.2025, these being Hp1-0.284, Hp2-0.716 for the Hp system.     

Population genetics of the population of the northern European RSFSR. III. Demographic and genetic characteristics of two rural communities of the Pinezhskii District of the Arkhangel'sk Region]

The paper deals with the distribution of genetic markers (systems ABO, Rh, Hp, PTC) and a number of phenotyping traits (folding of arms, hand clasping, tongue rolling, right- and left-handedness, the type of ear lobe, the types of dermatoglyphics patterns) in the inhabitants of 5 villages in the Pinezhsky district of the Arkhangelsky region of the RSFSR. The data presented in this work were obtained in the course of examination of over 900 persons. Among the systems analysed there was a statistically significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg's equlibrium. It took place in two the least villages. In one case--for ABO blood groups, in another--for Hp system. There are an interesting fact of the excess of heterozygotes 2-1 and some excess of the group 0. Statistically significant differences between villages were shown for four genetic systems. Data on migrations, distribution of gene frequencies and estimated genetic and phenotype distances between villages of the same village community and between two communities suggest, that each village community can be considered as separate subdivided population. Considering the uniformity of the environmental pressure in the region examined, the heterogeneity of the population studied is apparently associated with a random genetic drift.     

Genetic polymorphisms in juvenile-onset diabetes

Nine genetic polymorphic systems (ACP1, PGM1, ADA, AK, G-6-PD, Hp, ABO, Rh, MN), were studied in a series of 138 subjects affected by JOD. Differences between diabetic patients and controls were observed in the distribution of phenotypes of the red cell acid phosphatase (ACP1), and the ABO and MN blood groups.     

Haptoglobin-ABO interaction: a possible explanation for the excess of Hp 1 among offspring of ABO incompatible matings.

The Hp1 frequency among ABO phenotypes varies in the Hutterite population as follows: O less than A less than B less than AB. Within group O, the Hp1 frequency is significantly lower than the Hp1 frequency among the other groups combined. The Hp1 frequencies among ABO genotypes, known by means of family pedigrees, vary as follows: OO less than AO less than BO less than AB less than AA less than BB. This holds for both main subjects of this isolate, although they have been reproductively isolated since World War I. The higher Hp1 frequency among type A, B, and AB individuals explains the observation of the higher Hp1 frequencies found among H-leut offspring who are incompatible with their mothers (mainly AO offspring of OO mothers) compared to offspring from the same matings who are compatible with their mothers.     

The prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus is haptoglobin phenotype-independent

Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotype distribution and the association between Hp polymorphism and type II diabetes mellitus was investigated in a Jordanian sample population consisting of 618 nondiabetics and 265 diabetics. In nondiabetics, Hp 2-2 was the most predominant type occurring at a frequency of 0.529 followed by Hp 2-1 occurring at a frequency of 0.387. In diabetics, the Hp 2-2 frequency was 0.540 while that of Hp 2-1 was 0.381. No statistically significant variation was detected in Hp type distribution between the two groups. The Hp2 allele occurred at a frequency of 0.722 in nondiabetics and 0.730 in diabetics. In both groups, the Hp type distribution was in agreement with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium calculations. These results suggest that type II diabetes mellitus is Hp phenotype-independent.     

Contribution to the genetics of the serum β-lipoproteins in man

Summary A study on the possible existence of association and linkage of the Ag(x,y,a₁) system with ABO, MNSs, Pp, Rhesus, Kell, Duffy, Gm, Inv, Hp, and Gc groups is presented. No evidence of association and linkage was found.     

Autosomal dominant cyclic hematopoiesis: exclusion of linkage to the major hematopoietic regulatory gene cluster on chromosome 5

This is an investigation into the finding that patients with primary hyperparathyroidism caused by Water Clear Cell Hyperplasia (WCCH) frequently belong to blood group O. Two control groups were defined from the same time period as 32 cases of WCCH treated at our clinic: one was a consecutive patient series with other forms of primary hyperparathyroidism (n=864) and the other was the population in a geographically defined area in Sweden (n=59,862). The blood group distribution of the patients with WCCH differed from the distribution of the patients with other forms of primary hyperparathyroidism with high significance (P=0.00040). The blood group distribution did not differ between the two control groups. Strong associations between disease and HL-A type have previously been described, while associations found between disease and ABO blood groups were weaker. The association between WCCH and blood group O described here is by far the strongest association with the ABO system demonstrated to date. It is possible that the presence of an O-allele is a prerequisite for the development of WCCH.     

黔南布依族、苗族和水族人群ABO血型分布及基因频率

本文对黔南州布依族、苗族、水族人群ABO血型的表现型及基因型频率进行检测。结果显示:黔南布依族ABO血型分布为O>B>A>AB;苗族、水族为O>A>B>AB。3个民族ABO血型基因频率相接近;经吻合度检测,符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律。黔南与黔东南、黔西南布依族和苗族群体间以及黔南水族男女群体间ABO血型分布差异均具有显著性(P<0.05或P<0.01),结果提示ABO血型分布存在民族、地区和性别差异。     

RXRA introne polymorphism and ABO blood groups in chronic heart failure

Retinoic X receptor alpha (RXRA), a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, plays a key role in development, metabolism, glucose homeostasis, and intestinal cholesterol balance. The aim of this study was to examine an association of RXR alpha introne 5 A(39526)AA polymorphism and ABO blood groups with chronic heart failure (CHF) in the Czech population. A total of 238 patients with chronic heart failure and a control group of 246 subjects were included in the study. The RXR alpha gene polymorphism and ABO blood groups were detected by PCR and RFLP methods. Significant differences in distributions of RXRA A(39526)AA alleles and genotypes between CHF patients and controls were observed (P_g=0.03, P_a=0.02). The RXRA gene polymorphism differences of within blood group A between CHF patients and controls were highly significant in genotype distributions (P_g=0.002) and in allele frequency comparisons (P_a=0.0001). The prevalence of AA allele in CHF patients with A blood group was four-fold lower than in controls with the same blood group (OR=0.24; P_corr=0.0001). A highly significant association of RXRA introne single-nucleotide insertion polymorphism and A blood group in chronic heart failure was observed. Our results suggest close linkage between RXRA A(39526)AA polymorphism and ABO blood groups.